This list was compiled with the support of the Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, through the USAID/URI Coastal Resources Managment Project and WWF-International. It is not a bibliography of references but an annotated selection of publications and materials that have been designed as 'tools' or 'toolkits' for coral reef management. Information on how to obtain copies of those listed has been provided where this was easily available, and addresses of the principle sources are given on the last page. There are probably many other useful publications; additions and corrections to the list should be sent to Sue Wells, Marine Programme, WWF International, Ave du Mont Blanc, 1196 Gland, Switzerland or Paul Holthus, IUCN Marine and Coastal Programme, IUCN, rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland.
A series of papers providing an overview of a range of mechanisms available for financing reef conservation, including Trust Funds.
Aimed at political, administrative and technical decision-makers and primarily designed for Asia and Pacific. Consists of a series of chapters by different authors in several sections covering: preparing for management, developing a plan, implementing management, expert advice and international assistance.
Available from: Kumarian Press Inc.
Describes the need for the CBM approach and lessons learned from six case studies.
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General
Available US$25.00. Ocean and Coastal Management
Center for the Study of Marine Policy
Graduate College of Marine Studies, Univ.
Delaware, Newark, DE 19716;
Fax 302-831-3668.
Presents a variety of perspectives on the meaning, forms, methods and experiences of ICM through 16 papers from both the developed and developing world. The first six papers emphasize definitional aspects, explore the tie between integrated coastal management and sustainable development, and examine ICM efforts around the world. Subsequent papers examine specific cases and issues, and the final three look at the question of capacity building for ICM.
Emphasis will be on institutional aspects and practical methods for achieving intersectoral, inter-governmental and interdisciplinary collaboration. Includes case studies based on a survey of ICM in 25 countries in early 1996.
Available: UNIPUB 4611-F Assembly
Available from: Lewis Publishers
Part 1 describes the Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) strategic approach, beginning with goals and ending with program development and is designed to be a 'blueprint' for an ICM program. Part 2 presents the tools, or specific management approaches and activities (arranged alphabetically). Part 3 provides further information, to complement Part 2, with an emphasis on tropical and subtropical systems. Part 4 comprises 47 case studies from 28 countries. Extensive bibliography.
Aimed at individuals designing or engaged in education and professional training for ICM (university personnel, trainers from NGOs, technical institutions). Provides ideas and information to help in design of ICM education and training programmes and in support of the development of institutional strengthening strategies. Includes a series of recommendations for building university capacity in ICM.
Designed for economists concerned with coastal management, this report introduces readers to literature dealing with the valuation of goods and services and to policy instruments for addressing environmental issues, focussing on applications.
Provides an introduction to multi-disciplinary issues of planning and management. Includes chapters on defining management areas, establishing a framework for management, developing a management plan, and implementation. Most of the chapters (six) are based on experiences with the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park; one chapter covers the Galapagos Marine Reserve, and one covers marine mangement efforts in the Maldives. Focusses mainly on tropical environments, but the general approach is relevant to temperate areas. Does not provide detailed coverage of fisheries or shipping management.
Available: OECD Publications and Information Centre
Contact: Jens Sorensen
Regional -Asia/Pacific
Bound volume, providing preliminary framework and information for those in Thailand working in the field of ICM; intended to get the user 'started'. Has 6 main sections (Definitions, Concepts and Principles; Development Planning and the Coastal Zone; Environmental Assessment and Economic Valuation; Major Coastal Eco-systems; Management Guidelines; Policies and Institutions) and a Bibliography (now dated).
Out of print but available in photocopied form at (US) $38 from ICLARM, Manila.
Collection of papers from a 1988 workshop, which assess the status of coastal resource exploitation, examine management strategies and institutional efficiency in law enforcement, and provides case studies.
Available from ICLARM as free photocopy; out of print.
Gives model for ICM as recommended by policy makers, administrators and scientists during policy workshop on Coastal Area Management, Malaysia 1988.
Describes key issues in ICM (institutional and legal arrangements, water quality and pollution control, management of living marine resources, coastal dynamics and global change, tourism, non-living resources management, ocean space use and technology, education and communication) and the national status of and approaches to ICM within the region.
Regional - Africa
Report compiled as part of the World Bank's 'Post UNCED Strategy towards Environmentally Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa'. Profiles the coastal zones of West and East Africa and examines technical and institutional issues; reviews past and present efforts by NGOs and development agencies to address these issue; develops a framework for promoting ICM in Africa.
Regional - Caribbean
General information and guidance on developing and implementing an ICM programme, and on specific tools and techniques e.g. GIS, data management, protected areas, ecosystem management, impact assessment, economic evaluation and risk assessment.
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A series of papers covering selection, setting up and techniques for the management of marine protected areas; principles are supported by cases studies from around the world.
These guidelines are now being widely used; an update of Salm and Clark (see below).
Available from: Regional Co-ordinating Unit for East Asian Seas Action Plan, UNEP
Based on experience with the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, this manual provides support material for trainers working with MPAs. Modules 1-5 supply the ecological information providing the basis for later modules. Modules 5-12 cover the process of MPA management (e.g legislation, roles and responsibilities of MPA managers, planning principles and process, monitoring, public involvemen, enforcement etc). The materials are designed to be used in workshop settings and are presented as notes for trainers, overheads, supplementary materials, workshop instructions for students etc.
UNESCO/IUCN San Francisco Workshop
Still considered the basic handbook for MPAs, now updated by Kenchington and Kelleher (see above).
Available from: SAMPAA
A series of case studies on the role of protected areas in ocean management, in particular promoting their use in fisheries management; examples mainly from temperate waters.
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Coral reef restoration
Clark, J.R. 1988. Rehabilitation of coral reef habitats. Report of a Science Workshop. Univ. Miami and US National Park Service
Guzman, H.M. 1991. Restoration of coral reefs in Pacif c Costa Rica. Conservation Biology 5(2): 189-195.
Woodley, J.D. and Clark, J.R. 1989. Rehabilitation of degraded coral reefs. Coastal Zone '89 Pp. 3059-3075.
Mitigating Coastal Development
Very simple, clear and graphic 4-page leaflet.
Very simple, clear and graphic 4-page leaflet; designed for Funafuti but relevant to many regions.
Aimed at industry and government, and compiled in collaboration with the tourism industry; relevant to developments relating to tourism, mariculture and coastal development; aim to provide a sound basis for planning, design, construction and operation of structures and installations on and adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef (e.g. reef moorings, coral cay structures, waste discharges etc). It is hoped that these guidelines will be applicable to other tropical regions. To be made available progressively over the next few years.
A guide to avoiding environmental impact from coastal development activities such as dredging, infilling, construction of tourist facilities, waste water discharge etc. Covers site surveys (mapping, inventorying, aerial photography, image interpretation, hydrography etc), analysis of impact, mitigating activities during site operations, site restoration, monitoring, EIA. Emphasis is on coral reef habitats but general relevance to tropics, many illustrations and diagrams based on case studies mainly in the Pacific (French Polynesia).
Available from: US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station
Short fact sheets on coastal engineering topics produced at regular intervals which can be kept together in a loose-leaf binder; sheets are periodically updated; subjects now fill about 2 large binders. Updated Table of contents provides a quick reference list to what is available. Subdivided into sections: Waves and Coastal Flooding, Beach Behaviour and Restoration; Coastal Structures, Inlets and Estuary Channels, Coastal Ecology, Miscellaneous Subjects.
Watershed Management
Describes the benefits of vegetated buffers along water courses (regulation of pollution, erosion and flooding, and protection of wildlife habitat etc), gives general guidelines for their establishment, and provides an example of their use in the Rhode Island coastal zone, United States. Extensive bibliography, biased to references relating to research on pollutant removal efficiency.
Tourism
Compiled mainly from information available over the Internet and covers 135 publications relevant to best management practices for coastal tourism: development and construction, site and building design, energy management, waste and water management, facility maintenance, cultural impacts, carrying capacity, disaster planning etc.
Aimed at tourism developers and others involved in tourism development; provides guidelines on site selection, set-backs, landscaping, construction activities, water and waste disposal, and appropriate regulatory frameworks; designed for Sri Lanka, but of general applicability.
Brochure designed for general public of Lake Country, Illinois. Covers water quality, riparian habitat, flooding, propery, value and safety issues, with guidelines for installing bank stabilisation measures, BMPs for watershed management etc.
Water Quality and Waste Disposal
A guide for land-use planners and citizens to technically advanced water quality management practices. Although oriented towards use in Thailand, is of widespread applicability. Covers management of water supplies, domestic waste water, stormwater and open spaces.
Folders with leaflets and various information sources.
US Coast Guard, Marine Environmental Protection Division, Environmental Protection Co-ordination Branch, Washington D.C.
Following a chapter on 'Basic Principles', gives 20 'lessons' covering the topics: technical assistance, shared responsibility, program strategies, and long-term sustainability.
Recreational boating/Marinas
Based on experience gained in designing and testing best management prctices at selected model recreational boating facilities in Rhode Island as well as literature research, this report is aimed at providing guidance on non point source pollution prevention to marine managers. Gives best management practices for:
Specific to US but generally userful; part of outreach program to educate recreational boating community about marine pollution - aimed at US Coast Guard Auxilliary. Useful general information. Loose leaf manual, with sections, plastic folders containing leaflets etc.
Manual describing available mooring buoy technologies, systems for placement and maintenance, monitoring, liability issues etc.
Impact Assessment
Large paper back manual with many figures and diagrams. Focusses on environmental impacts but is clear and comprehensive as far as these are concerned. Based on Pacific island experience, but widely applicable.
Maps out the impact assessment process and stresses social impacts as much as environmental impacts.
UNEP 1990. An Approach to Environmental Impact Assessment for Projects affecting the Coastal and Marine Environment. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 122.
Souvenir Trade
Wells, S., Holthus, P., Maragos, J. 1994. Environmental Guidelines for Reef Coral Harvesting Operations. South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme, Western Samoa.
Wood E. and Wells,S. 1992. The Marine Curio trade: conservation guidelines and legislation. Marine Conservation Society, UK.
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Participatory Rural Analysis
Describes how Rapid Rural Analyisi can be applied to variables in coastal communities.
Available from: GreenCOM
This aims to show how to identify the 'ideal behaviour' needed to resolve a particular environmental problem, the people who behave in this ideal way and those who don't, and how to change the behaviour of the latter group. The methodology was developed and tested through a project on sustainable use of land resources in Ecuador but is designed to be applicable in a wide range of environmental programmes such as education, training, communication or promotional activities, and thus should be relevant to most ICM projects.
Available: (US) $7.50
Lists over 200 sources on participatory research methods
Monitoring of Tropical Marine Resources
Aronson, R.B., Edmunds, P.S., Precht, W.F., Swanson, D.W. and Levitan, D.R. 1995. Largescale, long-term monitoring of Caribbean coral reefs: simple, quick, inexpensive techniques. Atoll Research Bulletin 421:1-19.
CARICOMP 1991. Manual of methods for mapping and monitoring of physical and biological parameters in the coastal zone of the Caribbean. Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity, Florida Institute of Oceanography. 35 pp.
Cintron, G., Garcia, J.R. and Gerlades, F. 1994. Manual de Metodos para la Caracterizaxion y Monitoreo de Arrecifes de Coral. WWF-US, Washington D.C.
Crosby, M.P. and E.S. Reese. 1996. A Manual for Monitoring Coral Reefs With Indicator Species: Butterflyfishes as Indicators of Change on Indo-Pacific Reefs. Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD. 45 pp. (with 20 minute video).
Crosby, M.P., G.R. Gibson, and K.W. Potts (eds). 1996. A Coral Reef Symposium on Practical, Reliable, Low Cost Monitoring Methods for Assessing the Biota and Habitat Conditions of Coral Reefs, January 26-27, 1995. Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD, USA. 80 pp.
Dahl, A.L. 1981/84. Coral Reef Monitoring Handbook. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia (1981), Reference Methods for Marine Pollution Studies 25, UNEP (1984)
English, S., Wilkinson, C. and Baker, V. 1994. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources. Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, 368 pp.
Rogers, C. 1994. Coral Reef Monitoring Manual for the Caribbean and WesternAtlantic. US National Park Service, Virgin Islands National Park, USVI.
Stoddart, D.R. and Johannes, R.E. (eds) 1978. Coral Reefs: research methods. UNESCO Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology 5, UNESCO, Paris. 581 pp.
UNEP/AIMS. 1993. Monitoring coral reefs for global change. Reference Methods for Marine Pollution Studies 61, UNEP, Nairobi.
UNEP 1993. Training manual on assessment of the quantity and type of land-based pollutant discharges into the marine and coastal environment. RCU/EAS Technical Reports Series No. 1, UNEP, Bangkok. 65 pp.
UNEP/IAEA/IOC 1991. Standard chemical methods for marine environmental monitoring. Reference Methods for Marine Pollution Studies 50, UNEP, Nairobi.
UNESCO 1984. Comparing coral reef survey methods. UNESCO Reports in Marine Science 21. UNESCO, Paris
Wells, S.M. 1995. Reef Assessment and Monitoring using volunteers and non-professionals. Univ York/Univ. Miami.
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ADDRESSES FOR MAIN SUPPLIERS | ||
|---|---|---|
| Coastal Resources Center University of Rhode Island Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. Tel: (1) 401-792-6224; Fax: (1) 401-789-4670; e-mail: olsenuri@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu | FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy Fisheries Branch Library Library and Documentation Systems Division Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome Tel: (39-6) 522 547 42 Fax: (39-6) 522 531 52 | International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) M.C.P.O. Box 2631 0718 Makati Metro Manila, Philippines. Fax: (63) 2-816-3183 e-mail: ICLARM@CGNET.COM |
| IUCN Publications Services Unit 219c Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 ODL, UK. Tel: (44) 1223 277894 Fax: (44) 1223 277175 e-mail: iucn-psu@wcmc.org.uk | Regional Co-ordinating Unit for the Caribbean Environment Programme (CAR/RCU) UNEP 14-20 Port Royal St. Kingston, Jamaica. Fax: (809) 92-29292. | UNEP Waters Branch P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, Kenya. Tel: (254-2) 62 2034; (254-2) 62 2788 |
| UNESCO 7 Place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP France. Fax: (33-1) 44 49 00 14 | UNESCO IOC 1 rue Miollis Tel: (33-1) 45 68 40 14 Fax: (33-1) 40 56 93 16 | The World Bank 1818H St. N.W. Room S-5057 Washington D.C. 20433, USA. Fax: (1) 202-477-0565 e-mail: environment@worldbank.org |
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