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Coral
Disease Identification and Information Anthropogenic - of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. Autolysis - spontaneous disintegration of cells or tissues by autologous (self) enzymes, as occurs after death (post mortem) and in some pathologic conditions. Enzymatic degradation of proteins and other cellular compounds. Biomarker - any measurable sign (including visual and molecular) indicating the status of an organisms physiology, health, etc. that can be used in the diagnosis of a disease or syndrome4; includes a variety of measures of specific molecular, cellular, and physiological responses of key species to either contaminant exposure or poor health5. Bleach - to make or become white or colorless by means of chemicals, by exposure to sunlight, etc. In coral – bleaching or bleached – the reduction in intensity or complete absence of coloration within living coral, due to loss of pigmentation, death, or expulsion of endosymbiotic zooxanthellae. Degeneration - deterioration; change from a higher to a lower form, especially change of tissue to a lower or less functionally active form. Degradation - conversion of a chemical compound to one less complex as by splitting off one or more groups of atoms. Degeneration, not degradation, should be used to describe the deterioration or change of functionality of living tissue. Diagnosis - 1. the act or process or deciding the nature of a disease by examination and observation. 2. a careful investigation of the facts to determine the nature of a thing. 3. the decision resulting from either of these. clinical diagnosis – diagnosis based upon signs and laboratory findings during life. differential diagnosis – the determination of which one of several diseases may be producing the signs. physical diagnosis – diagnosis based on information obtained by inspection or palpation (feeling with the hand). presumptive diagnosis – unconfirmed diagnosis based on interpretation of initial and incomplete information and facts. morphological diagnosis – diagnosis based upon a description of the alteration of form or structure of the tissues or organs, usually at the gross, histological, or ultra-structural level. etiological diagnosis – diagnosis reflecting identification of the cause or causative agent: as in aurantimonal necrosis. definitive diagnosis – the name of the disease or condition, as in “white plague.” Disease – any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any body part, organ, or system that is manifested by a characteristic set of signs and whose etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. Epizootic – attacking many animals in any region at the same time; widely diffused and rapidly spreading. 2. a disease of high morbidity which is only occasionally present in an animal community. (Epidemic is a term reserved for use in reference to people.) Epizootiology – the scientific study of factors determining the frequency and distribution of diseases among animals. (Epidemiology is a term reserved for use in reference to the study of factors determining the frequency and distribution of diseases in the human community.) Etiology – the science dealing with causes of disease. The assignment of a cause: as, the etiology of a disease. Incidence – the number of new cases of a specific disease occurring during a certain time period, or number of diseased individuals in a population. Koch’s Postulates – to establish the specificity of a pathogenic microorganism, it must be present in all cases of the disease, inoculations of its pure cultures must produce disease in animals, and from these it must be again obtained and be propagated in pure culture. Lesion – any pathological or traumatic discontinuity of tissue or loss of function of a part. Morbidity – the condition of being diseased; unhealthy or unwholesome. Also, the rate of sickness. Morphology – the form and structure of a particular organism, organ or part. Mortality – the death rate; the ratio of the total number of deaths to the population of a specified area in a given time period. Necrosis – the morphological changes indicative of cell death. Pathogen – any disease-producing agent or microorganism. pathogenic, adj. Pathogenicity – the quality of producing or the ability to produce pathologic changes or disease. Prevalence – the total number of cases, often expressed as a proportion, of a specific disease in existence in a given population at a certain time. Sign – an indication of the existence of something; any objective evidence of a disease, i.e., such evidence as is perceptible to the examiner, as opposed to the subjective sensations of the patient (symptom). Sign, not symptom should be used to describe lesions or conditions observed in coral, as the ability to convey sensations (feelings) is not a characteristic of coral. Syndrome – a set of signs occurring together; the sum of signs of any morbid (disease) state.
Prepared by
Pamela Parnell, DVM, Ph.D, DACVP, References:
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