Saila,-S.B.; Kocic,-V.L.; McManus,-J.W.  Modelling the 
	effects of destructive fishing practices on tropical 
	coral reefs.  MAR.-ECOL.-PROG.-SER. 1993. vol. 94, no. 
	1, pp. 51-60.

A literature review of the use of underwater explosives 
indicated that the largest lethal zone for swimbladder fishes 
is located near the surface of the water. Mortality in this 
zone is due to rupture of the swimbladder from negative 
pressure induced by cavitation of the near-surface water 
volume from a subsurface explosion. Observational studies of 
blast fishing in the Philippines indicated that valuable 
pelagic species rather than typical coral reef species were 
the primary targets. Empirical data on the extent of various 
destructive fishing practices (blast fishing, anchor damage, 
and use of poisons), as well as coral regrowth estimates, 
provided inputs to a nomographic model of the reef ecosystem. 
The model provided time graphs of fish diversity and the 
amount of coral regrowth under various conditions. The 
results of the simulation model studies indicated that the 
sum of all current destructive practices was sufficient to 
continue loss of diversity and loss of live coral cover for 
about 25 yr before any recovery was expected. On the other 
hand a reduction in the rate of destructive fishing to about 
30% of the current level would permit continuing slow 
recovery of both diversity and live coral cover.