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There is now widespread recognition of the need to protect 
and manage the living resources of the coastal zone. A number 
of factors have contributed to this attitude, particularly 
the failure of some large, established fisheries. Since the 
declaration of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the 
realization of the importance of natural variability in 
marine ecosystems, the emphasis has shifted to studies on 
Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) and the management of their 
resources using a multispecies approach. The geographic area 
defined by LMEs is extensive and often demands a 
multinational approach to this problem of management. The 
development of a cooperative project being conducted in the 
ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) region is an 
example of such an integrated approach to the study and 
management of coastal resources.