Brown,-B.E.; Suharsono.  Damage and recovery of coral reefs 
	affected by El Nino related seawater warming in the 
	Thousand Islands, Indonesia.  CORAL-REEFS. 1990. vol. 8, 
	no. 4, pp. 163-170.

Extensive coral bleaching occurred during seawater warming 
(as a result of the 1982/3 El Nino Southern Oscillation 
event) in 1983 on the shallow reefs in the Java Sea. Mean 
seawater temperatures rose by 2-3 degree C over a six month 
period with values greater than 33 degree C being recorded 
between 1200-1500 h. As many as 80-90% of corals died on the 
reef flats at the study sites, with the major casualties 
being branching species in the genera Acropora  and 
Pocillopora . Five years after the event the community 
structure of the study sites has recovered significantly, 
though coral cover is still 50% of its former level. 
Contrasting patterns of recovery at two selected sites, in 
close proximity to each other, are discussed.