Blair,-S.M.; Flynn,-B.S.; Markley,-S.  Characteristics and 
	assessment of dredge related mechanical impact to hard-
	bottom reef areas off northern Dade County, Florida.  
	DIVING-FOR-SCIENCE-1990.-PROCEEDINGS-OF-THE-AMERICAN-
	ACADEMY-OF-UNDERWATER-SCIENCES-TENTH-ANNUAL-SCIENTIFIC-
	DIVING-SYMPOSIUM,-OCTOBER-4-7,-1990,-UNIVERSITY-OF-
	SOUTH-FLORIDA,-ST.-PETERSBURG,-FLORIDA. Jaap,-W.C.-ed. 
	1990. pp. 5-14.

The primary method to date, for beach reconstruction in south 
Florida involves dredging of sand from an offshore "borrow 
area" and pumping the sand to the shoreline. In the summer of 
1988, Dade County sponsored a beach erosion control project 
to renourish a 2.5 mile segment of northern Dade County 
shoreline. A subsequent survey of the reefs bordering the 
borrow area identified nine sites of impact. At each site 
physical evidence was found consistent with the dredging 
equipment making contact with and scraping the reef. Two of 
the nine locations exhibited substantial (i.e., orders of 
magnitude greater in size) and severe impact.