From MAILER-DAEMON Sat Jan 1 13:48:04 2000 Date: Sat, 1 Jan 2000 13:48:04 -0500 (EST) From: Mail System Internal Data Subject: DON'T DELETE THIS MESSAGE -- FOLDER INTERNAL DATA X-IMAP: 0915636898 0000000833 Status: RO This text is part of the internal format of your mail folder, and is not a real message. It is created automatically by the mail system software. If deleted, important folder data will be lost, and it will be re-created with the data reset to initial values. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 4 02:27:41 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id CAA28865; Mon, 4 Jan 1999 02:27:40 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA23850; Mon, 4 Jan 1999 02:37:17 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma023843; Mon, 4 Jan 99 02:37:11 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id GAA10766; Mon, 4 Jan 1999 06:39:15 GMT Received: from pearl.aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id BAA10757; Mon, 4 Jan 1999 01:39:03 -0500 Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au ([138.7.37.12]) by pearl.aims.gov.au (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id QAA25974 for ; Mon, 4 Jan 1999 16:30:28 +1000 (EST) Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19990104161750.006d1a68@email.aims.gov.au> X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32) Date: Mon, 04 Jan 1999 16:17:50 +1100 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Doug Fenner Subject: Indonesian reef condition Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 1 Coral-listers; I'd like to confirm that some Indonesian reefs are still in relatively good condition. An expedition by Conservation International to the Togean and Banggai Islands of Sulawesi, Indonesia in Oct-Nov 1998, found reefs in relatively good shape. Live corals and small fish were abundant, and there were relatively few signs of destructive fishing practices. Water temperatures were relatively high in the Togians, and some bleaching was seen (as of late Oct), but neither was present in the Banggais. Bunaken Is., near Manado, Sulawesi, was heavily bleached by mid-Nov. A press release can be seen at http://www.conservation.org/web/news/pressrel/98-1207.htm -Doug Fenner Douglas Fenner, Ph.D. Coral Taxonomist Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB No 3 Townsville MC Queensland 4810 Australia phone 07 4753 4241 e-mail: d.fenner@aims.gov.au web: http://www.aims.gov.au From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 4 04:15:46 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id EAA29286; Mon, 4 Jan 1999 04:15:45 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA24920; Mon, 4 Jan 1999 04:25:20 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma024910; Mon, 4 Jan 99 04:24:33 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id IAA11408; Mon, 4 Jan 1999 08:37:30 GMT Received: from VMS.HUJI.AC.IL by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id DAA11403; Mon, 4 Jan 1999 03:37:24 -0500 Received: by HUJIVMS via SMTP(132.64.212.11_91550) (HUyMail-V7d); Mon, 04 Jan 1999 10:28:57 +0200 Received: by HUJIVMS via SMTP(132.64.212.11_91550) (HUyMail-V7d); Mon, 04 Jan 1999 10:28:40 +0200 Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19990104102747.007ee500@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il> X-Sender: glassod@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32) Date: Mon, 04 Jan 1999 10:27:47 +0200 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: david Subject: advice Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 2 Dear coral list I am doing a project on coral recruitment to settlement plates on a budget that makes the proverbial shoestring seem lavish. I have over 200 settlement plates (unglazed ceramic tiles) in the water and aim to change them every 3 months. To save money I am considering cleaning and recycling previously used plates, rather than buying new ones each time. However I am uncertain whether reusing plates could be considered to have 'altered' the substrate, making it difficult to compare data from new and used plates. Scrubbing the plates with a hard brush seems to remove any residues, but they could be washed in a mild acid solution if necessary. any comments / advice would be appreciated. Sincerely, David Glassom Inter University Institute Eilat, Israel From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jan 5 20:31:05 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id UAA00583; Tue, 5 Jan 1999 20:31:03 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA12548; Tue, 5 Jan 1999 20:40:44 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma012493; Tue, 5 Jan 99 20:39:42 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id BAA27763; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 01:12:53 GMT Message-Id: <199901060112.BAA27763@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: Sue Cook To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" Cc: Jill Sunderland Subject: Reef-related short courses at HBOI Date: Tue, 5 Jan 1999 12:30:27 -0500 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 3 Summer courses on reef-related topics at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution In 1999, several reef-related short courses will be offered by the J. Seward Johnson Marine Education Center of Harbor Branch: Biology of Sea Turtles, May 10 - May 22. Dr. Jeanette Wyneken, Florida Atlantic University,. An introduction to behavioral, ecological and evolutionary adaptations. Biology of Tropical Marine Plants, May 17 - June 8. Dr. Dennis Hanisak, HBOI. Biology of marine plants and the roles they play in tropical and sub-tropical habitats (including coral reefs). Field work in the Florida Keys. Molecular Studies of Marine Biodiversity, May 24 - June 4. Joint course with George Mason University. Dr. Jose Lopez, HBOI. Course includes 3 days at HBOI and 9 days at the Andros Field Station in the Bahamas. Laboratory and field studies of intra - and interspecific genetic variation of selected marine invertebrates. Focus on tropical mangrove and coral reef habitats in the Indian River Lagoon and Andros Island, Bahamas. Functional Biology of Invertebrates, June 9 - July 2. Dr. Clay Cook, Dr. Craig Young, HBOI. The functional, morphology, physiology, behavior, and reproduction of invertebrates, as illustrated by the marine fauna of Florida. Field work in reef environments in the Florida Keys. For a complete list of HBOI's 1999 courses, see our website (www.hboi.edu). All courses are accredited either through the Florida Institute of Technology or George Mason University. Scholarships are available for most courses and may be substantial (30-70% of course cost for well qualified students). For more information, contact Dr. Sue Cook (scook@hboi.edu) or Jill Sunderland at HBOI, 5600 US #1 North, Ft. Pierce, Florida 34946; phone (800) 333-4264, ext. 500; FAX (561) 465-5743; e-mail (education@hboi.edu). From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jan 5 20:46:18 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id UAA00696; Tue, 5 Jan 1999 20:46:17 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA13000; Tue, 5 Jan 1999 20:55:57 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma012981; Tue, 5 Jan 99 20:55:23 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id BAA27789; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 01:17:02 GMT Message-Id: <199901060117.BAA27789@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1999 09:14:16 +1000 From: Ray Berkelmans To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: ITMEMS Statement on Coral Bleaching Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 4 International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium (ITMEMS) Statement on Coral Bleaching ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A summit meeting on coral bleaching by world experts on coral bleaching held in Townsville on 24 November 1998 released the following statement on the status of reefs following the 1998 global coral bleaching event. Tropical sea surface temperatures in 1997/98 have been higher than at any other time in the modern record. Record SST increases over the tropics in the past 15 years are not explained by existing climate models. The coral bleaching associated with the high sea surface temperatures has affected almost all species of corals. Loss of some corals more than 1000 years old indicates the severity of this event. Associated reef invertebrates have been severely affected by unusually high sea temperatures. Global coral bleaching and die off is unprecedented in geographic extent, depth and severity, though it is highly spatially variable. The only major reef region spared from coral bleaching appears to be the Central Pacific. In some portions of the Indian Ocean, mortality is as high as 90%. Coral bleaching is a general response to environmental stress, in particular high temperature but also high irradiance, fluctuating salinities, silt or combinations of these factors. High seawater temperature may be related to global warming. According to the IPCC 1998, global temperature has significantly increased since 1860. Corals live on the upper edge of their temperature tolerance, with high temperatures directly damaging aspects of their physiology. Thus, an increase by about 2 degrees Celsius as predicted by IPCC for the next 50 years is of concern. We do not know how much of this temperature increase will affect the tropics, or whether corals can adapt to predicted temperature increases. Current projections of global warming suggest there will be increased frequency of coral bleaching and coral mortality. These events will eventually have important negative consequences for biodiversity, fisheries, tourism and shore protection provided by coral reefs. There is a need for a cross disciplinary research effort (including ecologists, climatologists, chemists, oceanographers and remote sensors) to evaluate the immediate and ultimate causes of coral bleaching, its link to climate change, and the effect of coral bleaching on the ecosystem as a whole. ITMEMS recommends that a multi-disciplinary taskforce be immediately set up to thoroughly inform the IPCC on coral reef issues prior to their next report due in 2001. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 6 05:45:59 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id FAA02842; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 05:45:50 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA21272; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 05:55:30 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma021262; Wed, 6 Jan 99 05:55:17 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id KAA02194; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 10:27:05 GMT Message-Id: <199901061027.KAA02194@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 15:54:41 -1000 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Rick Grigg Subject: Re: ITMEMS Statement on Coral Bleaching Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 5 Dear all, Not to make light of the current status of coral reefs vis-a-vis bleaching events in 1998/99, the coral reef scientific community might at the same time contemplate the question of how coral reefs survived during warmer times in the past, such as 17-20 Pleistocene interglacials, not to mention the Cretaceous, when the world's oceans may have been many degrees celcius warmer than today. One answer might be that such changes occurred over thousands or hundreds of thousands of years allowing corals to adapt. Another might suggest that corals are more resilient or adaptable than we think. Whatever the explanation, we should not fail to consider the role of paleoclimate in the evolution and current status of corals. Rick Grigg Dept. of Oceanography University of Hawaii From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 6 07:54:16 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id HAA03811; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 07:54:15 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA24569; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 08:03:56 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma024526; Wed, 6 Jan 99 08:03:20 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id MAA03103; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 12:40:14 GMT Received: from VMS.HUJI.AC.IL by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id HAA03094; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 07:40:06 -0500 Received: by HUJIVMS via SMTP(132.64.212.11_106621) (HUyMail-V7d); Wed, 06 Jan 1999 14:31:29 +0200 Received: by HUJIVMS via SMTP(132.64.212.11_106621) (HUyMail-V7d); Wed, 06 Jan 1999 14:31:11 +0200 Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19990106143023.0079f6e0@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il> X-Sender: glassod@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32) Date: Wed, 06 Jan 1999 14:30:23 +0200 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: david Subject: advice Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 6 Dear coral list The response to my request for advice on re-using settlement plates was really helpful. For anyone else considering doing this, the general consensus seems to be that scrubbing the tiles, and possibly acid-washing them should adequately remove any residues, but there was one recommendation that i burn them with a propane torch as some pheromones might be resilient to other treatments. Thanks to all who answered. David Glassom From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 6 09:04:30 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id JAA04900; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 09:04:28 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA28377; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 09:14:09 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma028328; Wed, 6 Jan 99 09:13:25 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id NAA03479; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 13:34:45 GMT Received: from bio.bu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id IAA03474; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 08:34:41 -0500 Received: from [128.197.80.172] (MBL-MAC1.BU.EDU [128.197.80.172]) by bio.bu.edu ((8.8.8.buoit.v1.0)/8.8.8/(BU-S-10/16/98-v1.0a)) with SMTP id IAA13537 for ; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 08:25:56 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <199901061325.IAA13537@bio.bu.edu> X-Sender: lesk@bio.bu.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1999 08:39:18 -0400 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman) Subject: Rick's caution regarding corals' rocky histories Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 7 I for one am not so concerned about the likelihood of coral communities surviving warming spells, all else being equal. Rather, we should be very worried about the degree to which other anthropogenic impacts may compromise this resiliency. A parsimonious scenario would have reefs rebounding quickly in many places most distant from human activity, and disappearing for a good long while anywhere near people. This is not a good thing for people. Hence, the proximal concern is for people at least as much as for coral! Les Kaufman Boston University Marine Program Department of Biology Boston University 5 Cummington Street Boston, MA 02215 e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu phone: 617-353-5560 fax: 617-353-6340 Ex Africa semper aliquid novi. "There is always something new out of Africa." - Pliny the Elder From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 6 09:52:14 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id JAA05594; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 09:52:12 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA02517; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 10:01:53 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma002490; Wed, 6 Jan 99 10:01:31 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA03858; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 14:35:23 GMT Received: from cimrs1.mnhn.fr by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id JAA03853; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 09:35:16 -0500 Received: from [194.254.75.31] (bimmg.mnhn.fr [194.254.75.31]) by cimrs1.mnhn.fr (8.8.5/mnhn-5.2.9.2) with ESMTP id QAA09880 for ; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 16:12:09 +0100 Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1999 16:12:09 +0100 X-Sender: guillaum@cimrs1.mnhn.fr Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Mireille Guillaume Subject: reef fish ectoparasites X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by cimrs1.mnhn.fr id QAA09880 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id JAA05594 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 8 Dear collegues, During our tagging program of parrotfishes in the sourthern Red Sea (Massawa, Eritrea), we recently found some scarid species infested with large isopod ectoparasites. We would like to have these parasites identified by an expert, but do not know whom to contact. Is there anyone out there who could identify these isopods, or else, suggest me a taxonomist who would have time to have a close look at these fish parasites. Many thanks in advance for your reactions. Sincerely, Henrich Please reply to: Henrich Bruggemann Email: henrich@eol.com.er or: Mireille Guillaume Dr. Mireille GUILLAUME Curator of the Stony Coral Collection Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertébrés marins et Malacologie 55 rue Buffon 75005 Paris FRANCE Tel : 00 33 (0)1 40 79 30 90 Fax : 00 33 (0)1 40 79 30 89 E-mail : From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 6 10:45:28 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA07682; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 10:45:26 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA07680; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 10:55:06 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma007657; Wed, 6 Jan 99 10:54:57 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA04222; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 15:16:10 GMT Received: from seas.marine.usf.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id KAA04213; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 10:16:05 -0500 Received: from localhost by seas.marine.usf.edu (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with SMTP id KAA16050; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 10:07:19 -0500 (EST) Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1999 10:07:17 -0500 (EST) From: Pam Muller To: Rick Grigg cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: ITMEMS Statement on Coral Bleaching In-Reply-To: <199901061027.KAA02194@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 9 Re: reefs in warmer times in the geologic record 1. Pleistocene interglacial reefs probably didn't have to contend with a doubling of the rate of fixed nitrogen into terrestrial (and ultimately aquatic) ecosystems, sedimentation associated with deforestation and other anthropogenic changes in land use practices, the plethora of new diseases transported and mixed by ships traveling worldwide, and a 10-15% increase in biologically damaging/mutagenic UV radiation. And while they did experience somewhat higher CO2 levels, certainly not the rate and magnitude of increase that may bring Eocene-like atmospheric concentrations in the next century. 2. In Cretaceous and Eocene limestone, corals are generally quite common and diverse, but it is my understanding from the literature and field observations that corals were far less important as reef builders, especially in shelf environments, during those warmer times. They were supposedly most common in shelf margin environments where temperatures were at least more stable if not a bit cooler. 3. There are several hypotheses for the dominance of rudists as bank/platform-top builders of reefs in the Cretaceous, all providing possible insight into the 21st century prognosis for coral reefs. Higher CO2 levels shift the calcification advantage away from aragonite towards calcite (see, e.g., Chapter 2 in Birkeland's Life and Death of Coral Reefs). Steve Stanley at Johns Hopkins thinks that higher Ca/Mg ratios also favors calcite production. Many rudists produced both. Also, the more advanced organ-level physiology of the bivalve rudists may have enabled them to be more tolerant of temperature, salinity and sedimentation extremes. Some European specialists still dispute whether rudists had algal symbionts and , if they are right, "bleaching" was not an issue. E. Gili and P. Skelton have several recent papers on the rudist/coral story. 4. As for the Late Paleocene-Eocene, coralline algae (variable Mg calcite) and larger forams (low Mg calcite) tended to be the dominant shelf carbonate producers. Stan Frost contended that corals really didn't shift fully to reef-building mode until the mid Oligocene. That is consistent with global cooling/falling atmospheric CO2 levels (and falling ca/mg ratios in seawater associated with slowing rates of seafloor spreading, if I understand the Stanley hypothesis correctly). Thus, the paleo-record does provide insight, and the indication is not necessarily hopeful for the future of coral reefs. Though many coral species will probably survive and thrive - they just won't necessarily have the production potential to build reefs. The losers will likely be the reef-dependent taxa (corals and others). BUT LARGER FORAMS MAY RULE AGAIN!!! Pamela Hallock Muller Department of Marine Science University of South Florida 140 Seventh Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA pmuller@marine.usf.edu Phone: 727-553-1567 FAX: 727-553-1189 NOTE NEW AREA CODE!!! "Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought." - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi - From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 6 12:36:43 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA10053; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 12:36:41 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA14971; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 12:46:22 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma014931; Wed, 6 Jan 99 12:45:54 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id RAA05395; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 17:17:58 GMT Received: from mail.mia.bellsouth.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id MAA05390; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 12:17:54 -0500 Received: from bellsouth.net (host-209-215-30-14.mia.bellsouth.net [209.215.30.14]) by mail.mia.bellsouth.net (8.8.8-spamdog/8.8.5) with ESMTP id MAA24550 for ; Wed, 6 Jan 1999 12:09:11 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <369399D0.D8ECB8DD@bellsouth.net> Date: Wed, 06 Jan 1999 12:13:52 -0500 From: DeeVon Quirolo X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en]C-bls40 (Win95; U) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Cuban coral reefs Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------7A3E12CA446C0F1A7381B7A8" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 10 --------------7A3E12CA446C0F1A7381B7A8 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Reef Relief now has available the results of the June 1998 Cuba Expedition by Craig Quirolo, Director of Marine Projects. Reef Relief has entered into an agreement with the Cuban Institute of Oceanography to survey the coral reefs of Cuba over a five year period. In June, 1998, Craig and DeeVon Quirolo sailed the entire length of the Archipelago de los Colorados to survey the adjacent coral reefs. These reefs, located on the northwest coast of Cuba, are known as the Arecifes los Colorados. This multi-media package includes a 62-page report containing the slide images, notes from the log of the Stormy Weather and various charts depicting the course of the expedition, as well as 7 CD ROM's containing slide images in high resolution (approximately 36 thirty-five millimeter slides were taken at each video transect site), and 5 video tapes containing 8 sixty meter transects with indexed time counts of the coral reefs surveyed. This is the first survey of these coral reefs in the past eight years, according to scientists at the Cuban Institute of Oceanography. It is now available for coral reef researchers to use unconditionally for any studies you may be interested in. Cost of complete multi-media report is $300.00 payable to Reef Relief. 62-page color report only is $75.00 7 CD ROMs of slide images only is $175.00 5 VHS tapes of video transects only is $75.00 For more information or to order the 1998 Reef Relief Cuba Expedition Report, contact Reef Relief at reef@bellsouth.com or call (305) 294-3100. --------------7A3E12CA446C0F1A7381B7A8 Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Reef Relief now has available the results of the June 1998 Cuba Expedition by Craig Quirolo, Director of Marine Projects.  Reef Relief has entered into an agreement with the Cuban Institute of Oceanography to survey the coral reefs of Cuba over a five year period.  In June, 1998, Craig and DeeVon Quirolo sailed the entire length of the Archipelago de los Colorados to survey the adjacent coral reefs.  These reefs, located on the northwest coast of Cuba, are known as the Arecifes los Colorados.

This multi-media package  includes a 62-page report containing the slide images, notes from the log of the Stormy Weather and various charts depicting the course of the expedition, as well as 7 CD ROM's containing slide images in high resolution (approximately 36 thirty-five millimeter slides were taken at each video transect site), and 5 video tapes containing 8  sixty meter transects with indexed time counts of the coral reefs surveyed.

This is the first survey of these coral reefs in the past eight years, according to scientists at the Cuban Institute of Oceanography.  It is now available for coral reef researchers to use unconditionally for any studies you may be interested in.

Cost of complete multi-media report is $300.00 payable to Reef Relief.
62-page color report only is $75.00
7 CD ROMs of slide images only is $175.00
5 VHS tapes of video transects only is $75.00

For more information or to order the 1998 Reef Relief Cuba Expedition Report, contact Reef Relief at reef@bellsouth.com or call (305) 294-3100. --------------7A3E12CA446C0F1A7381B7A8-- From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 21 20:07:58 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id RAA04212; Thu, 21 Jan 1999 17:17:43 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA09870; Thu, 21 Jan 1999 17:20:11 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma009848; Thu, 21 Jan 99 17:19:15 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id VAA01581; Thu, 21 Jan 1999 21:37:21 GMT Received: from faro.ens.uabc.mx by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id QAA01576; Thu, 21 Jan 1999 16:37:16 -0500 Received: from faro ([148.231.152.35]) by faro.ens.uabc.mx (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id NAA14048 for ; Thu, 21 Jan 1999 13:37:54 -0800 Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.19990121214705.00827548@bahia.ens.uabc.mx> X-Sender: jdcarriq@bahia.ens.uabc.mx X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (32) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1999 13:47:05 -0800 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: "Jose D. Carriquiry" Subject: Sustainable Coral Farming/Harvesting? Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id RAA04212 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 11 Hello, I recently subscribed to this list, and realized that I probably missed a big part of the initial comments on coral farming/harvesting. Obviously that coral harvesting/farming can not only be important for Commercial trade matters, but also for the potential use of the applied techniques for restoration of damaged reefs as well as for the sustainable use of these ecosystems (while commercially exploiting) by the people that make their living from the reef. My question is, are there somewhere Coral Farms that actually harvest new recruits (not coral-branch clippings) on artificial surfaces that, apart from participating in the commercial trade of corals, they also participate in the promotion of the sustainable use of coral reefs? Visiting coral farms like these would be of great value for all those who are interested in learning and promoting the conservation and good use of these ecosystems. Do these farms exist? Is there a farm out there that any one of you would recommend visiting? or are these places "restricted access business" that do not allow visitors?. For example, although salmon farming in North America has become somewhat controversial, most salmon farmers allow visitors into their farms so they can see by themselves the pros and cons of these commercial aquacultural centers (they actually have web-sites available for letting us see what and how they do it). Your response will be greatly acknowledged José Carriquiry ,,, (o o) ------------------------------oOO--(_)--OOo----------------------------- Jose Carriquiry . USA MAILING ADDRESS: Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanologicas . 1125 Loma Ave. #144-E099 Universidad Autonoma de Baja California . Coronado, CA 92118 Apdo. Postal # 453 . USA Ensenada, Baja California, c.p. 22,800 . Mexico . Tel (61) 74-46-01, ext 123 . Fax (61) 74-53-03 . http://www.ens.uabc.mx/iio/iio.htm ========================================================================= From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 21 22:11:23 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id WAA01709; Thu, 21 Jan 1999 22:11:21 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA15675; Thu, 21 Jan 1999 22:13:49 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma015667; Thu, 21 Jan 99 22:13:03 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id CAA03433; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 02:15:07 GMT Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id VAA03421; Thu, 21 Jan 1999 21:14:59 -0500 Received: from bengkulu.wasantara.net.id (bengkulu.wasantara.net.id [202.159.74.163]) by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id KAA17673 for ; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 10:17:30 +0700 (JAVT) Received: from BENGKULU/SpoolDir by bengkulu.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40); 22 Jan 99 09:10:58 +0700 Received: from SpoolDir by BENGKULU (Mercury 1.40); 22 Jan 99 09:10:47 +0700 Received: from bayu (202.159.74.185) by bengkulu.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40); 22 Jan 99 09:10:39 +0700 Message-ID: <003c01be45ac$2f7d8800$b84a9fca@bayu> Reply-To: "Bayu Ludvianto" From: "Bayu Ludvianto" To: Subject: Eco-Labelling the corals trade. Any suggestions? Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1999 09:08:38 +0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0039_01BE45E6.CC70ED20" X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.1 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 12 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0039_01BE45E6.CC70ED20 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Dear FoC (Friend of Corals), As a non-corals specialist, I've learned a lot in the last week or so = (by receiving many responses to my "cry" on sustainable coral harvesting = and watching the discussion on the LIST). Since I am still in the middle = of reviewing the plan, for the proposed workshop on the "Ecolabel = Certification of Indonesia Marine Products", would anyone of you like to = give any suggestions (in terms of issues to be covered and parties to be = invited)?=20 We have a rough idea about it, but your suggestions would be much = appreciate it. Cheers>>>>>bayu ------=_NextPart_000_0039_01BE45E6.CC70ED20 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Dear FoC (Friend of = Corals),
As a non-corals specialist, I've = learned a lot=20 in the last week or so (by receiving many responses to my = "cry" on=20 sustainable coral harvesting and watching the discussion on the LIST). = Since I=20 am still in the middle of reviewing the plan, for the proposed workshop = on the=20 "Ecolabel Certification of Indonesia Marine Products", would = anyone of=20 you like to give any suggestions (in terms of issues to be covered and = parties=20 to be invited)?
We have a rough idea about it, but = your=20 suggestions would be much appreciate it.
 
Cheers>>>>>bayu
------=_NextPart_000_0039_01BE45E6.CC70ED20-- From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 22 00:33:43 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id AAA02338; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 00:33:41 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA17292; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 00:36:11 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma017285; Fri, 22 Jan 99 00:36:05 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id EAA04552; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 04:44:37 GMT Received: from axil.eureka.lk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id XAA04543; Thu, 21 Jan 1999 23:44:28 -0500 From: reefmonitor@eureka.lk Received: from IBM.eureka.lk ([206.152.141.28]) by axil.eureka.lk (post.office MTA v2.0 0813 ID# 0-17670) with SMTP id AAG23926 for ; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 10:43:36 -0500 Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.19990122054159.0098d328@eureka.lk> X-Sender: reefmonitor@eureka.lk X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (32) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1999 10:41:59 +0500 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Coral-care reference request Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 13 Tangential to the ongoing discussion, I would be grateful if anyone can recommend any good reference material giving guidance for keeping (Indian Ocean) corals in aquaria, esp. advice on hardy spp. and feeding. I had such a request from a public aquarium in this region which seems to have an unnecessarily high turnover of coral inmates so any advice would be both appreciated and live-saving. Thanks very much. -------------- Jason Rubens Regional Co-ordinator Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) South Asia Region IOC-UNESCO/ UNEP/ IUCN 48 Vajira Road Colombo 5 Sri Lanka Tel: + 94 74 511166 Fax: + 94 1 580202 From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 22 01:07:02 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id BAA02481; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 01:06:59 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA17603; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 01:09:29 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma017595; Fri, 22 Jan 99 01:09:03 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id FAA04928; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 05:37:48 GMT Received: from iniki.soest.hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id AAA04923; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 00:37:44 -0500 Received: from localhost by iniki.soest.hawaii.edu (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id TAA28942; Thu, 21 Jan 1999 19:36:55 -1000 (HST) X-Authentication-Warning: iniki.soest.hawaii.edu: carlson owned process doing -bs Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1999 19:36:55 -1000 (HST) From: Bruce Carlson X-Sender: carlson@iniki To: reefmonitor@eureka.lk cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Coral-care reference request In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19990122054159.0098d328@eureka.lk> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 14 Delbeek, J.C., and J. Sprung. 1997. The Reef Aquarium, Vol. 1. Ricordia Publishing, Inc., Coconut Grove, Florida. General quick guidelines: ph, calcium and alkalinity must be strictly monitored and maintained; "proper" lighting is critical; "adequate" water motion is also critical for many species. These factors are often neglected by new aquarists when in fact they should be foremost. Then there is temperature, salinity, nutrients, pathogens, predators, and a variety of other factors to track. Bruce Carlson Waikiki Aquarium On Fri, 22 Jan 1999 reefmonitor@eureka.lk wrote: > Tangential to the ongoing discussion, I would be grateful if anyone can > recommend any good reference material giving guidance for keeping (Indian > Ocean) corals in aquaria, esp. advice on hardy spp. and feeding. I had such > a request from a public aquarium in this region which seems to have an > unnecessarily high turnover of coral inmates so any advice would be both > appreciated and live-saving. Thanks very much. > > -------------- > Jason Rubens > Regional Co-ordinator > Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) > South Asia Region > IOC-UNESCO/ UNEP/ IUCN > > 48 Vajira Road > Colombo 5 > Sri Lanka > Tel: + 94 74 511166 > Fax: + 94 1 580202 > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 22 14:21:18 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id NAA14896; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 13:47:01 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA17223; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 13:49:29 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma017177; Fri, 22 Jan 99 13:48:58 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id RAA10661; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 17:57:54 GMT Received: from dark.brown.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id MAA10656; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 12:57:49 -0500 Received: from [128.148.57.110] ([128.148.57.110]) by dark.brown.edu (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with ESMTP id MAA08120 for ; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 12:57:08 -0500 (EST) X-Sender: John_Bruno@postoffice.brown.edu Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1999 12:57:48 -0500 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: John Bruno Subject: Report from Southern Belize Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 15 Dear Coral Listers, Below is a brief report from a recent survey of Southern Belize (January 5-12 1999) to assess the effects of last summer's coral bleaching episode and Hurricane Mitch. Hopefully this will compliment previously posted reports from the northern and central portions of Belize The team was led by Dr. Mark Bertness, from Brown University, who has been working in Southern Belize since 1982. 1) Hurricane damage: The only reefs that displayed any evidence of hurricane damage were the shallow reefs on the exposed side of the silk keys, which are about 300 m behind the crest of the barrier reef. At depths of 1 - 5 m, the disturbance was severe and there were very few living corals. The substrate was dominated by A. palmata rubble and algal cover (Turbinaria and Dictyota) was high. However, the corals (mostly Montastrea spp.) of the protected side of the silk keys appeared unaffected. We also examined four sites in the 'lagoon' at varying distance from the reef crest including Laughing Bird key and Cepio key which appeared to be unaffected by Mitch. Locals at Placencia reported that max wind speeds from Mitch were only about 40 - 50 mph in S. Belize. 2) Coral Bleaching: All summer long we received reports from locals of severe bleaching in the lagoon and expected to see alot of dead corals in January. In general A. tenuifolia and Millepora colonies were almost all dead. Because most were still in growth position and locals reported that these species bleached extensively in July and August we suspect that bleaching and not hurricane related stress was the main source of mortality. Most colonies of Diploria strigosa and clivosa, P. astreoides, Siderastrea siderea, and Mycetophyllia spp., were still totally bleached, although very few were already dead. However almost all colonies of Porites and Montastrea were healthy and we did not find any Montastrea colonies that appeared to have died in the last few weeks/months. In fact, the lagoon reefs of Southern Belize still have by far the most healthy populations of Montastrea we have seen anywhere in the Caribbean. 3) Diadema: only 2 individuals were seen! 4) Juvenile corals were also almost non-existent, even for species that often display high levels of recruitment elsewhere in the Caribbean (e.g. Agaricia agaricites and Porites astreoides). 5) Acropora spp.: We were surprised by the almost complete absence of living Acropora colonies at all five surveyed sites. Only two years ago all three species were relatively abundant. This year we did not see a single colony of prolifera, and only found 1 or 2 very small colonies of palmata and cervicornis. However, dead and overgrown skeletons of all three species, often still in growth position, were relatively abundant. This was especially true at Laughing Bird key, where the shallow forereef (1-5 m depth) was totally dominated by erect but dead palmata skeletons. We suspect that white band disease may be the culprit. 6) Gorgonians: A majority of colonies of Gorgonia ventalina appeared to be infected with the so called gorgonian pathogen. John F. Bruno Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Box G-W Brown University Providence, RI 02912 phone: 401-863-2619 lab: 401-863-2916 fax: 401-863-2166 email: John_Bruno@Brown.edu From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 22 16:35:15 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id QAA04189; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 16:35:13 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA27780; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 16:37:40 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma027765; Fri, 22 Jan 99 16:36:52 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id VAA01441; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 21:08:16 GMT Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id QAA01435; Fri, 22 Jan 1999 16:08:12 -0500 From: rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu Received: (qmail 27497 invoked from network); 22 Jan 1999 21:07:31 -0000 Received: from gnsbrg.rsmas.miami.edu (129.171.103.80) by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 22 Jan 1999 21:07:31 -0000 Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19990122161023.00866410@mail.rsmas.miami.edu> X-Sender: ginsburg@mail.rsmas.miami.edu X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32) Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1999 16:10:23 -0500 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Pre NCRI Conference Field Trip Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 16 > >Pre-Conference Field Trip >Florida Coral Reefs: Ecology, Geology and Restoration > >WHAT: >Two and a half-days of field trips, presentations and discussions reviewing >the results of research on major aspects of Florida Coral Reefs presented >by leaders with decades of experience. > Ecology -Walter Jaap, Florida Marine Research Institute, Florida DEP. > Geology - Eugene Shinn, United States Geological Survey, Coastal > Geology > Robert Ginsburg, University of Miami, RSMAS > Restoration - Harold Hudson, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > >SCHEDULE: Begins 5 PM, April 10, 1999 in Coral Gables, Florida; ends 5 PM, > April 13,1999, Bahia Mar Beach Resort, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. > >Proposed day-by-day schedule, subject to sea conditions. > >April 10 - 5-7 PM Introduction, overnight Holiday Inn, Coral Gables. >April 11 - Drive to Key Largo and spend the day in the Reef Tract, > overnight Key Largo, Ramada Inn >April 12 -All-day field trip and demonstrations, overnight, Key Largo > Ramada Inn. >April 13 -AM: Presentations, discussions, visit Pleistocene reef exposures > PM : Drive to Fort Lauderdale > >COSTS: Registration: $150.00/person if 25 participants, proportionally more >if fewer than 25. Fee includes three field lunches, guidebook, ground >transportation from Miami to Key Largo and Fort Lauderdale only. No charge >for boat use; snorkeling gear@ $8/DAY; shorty wet suit@ $6.50/day. > >Lodging: April 10 Holiday Inn, South Dixie Highway (one of three in the > area) Coral Gables, Florida $75. Single; $37.50 double. > April 11 and 12, 1999 Ramada Inn, Key Largo, Florida $89 > single: $44.00 dbl. plus 11% tax. >Meals: Only lunches on April 11, 12 and 13 are included in registration. > >LIMITATIONS: > Maximum of 25 persons; snorkeling only. > >TO APPLY: Submit information on your background, current affiliation, complete >address, phone, fax and e-mail together with a brief statement explaining >your special interest in the trip by February 15. Notification of >acceptance by 20 February,1999. > >Send Applications to Robert N. Ginsburg, University of Miami, RSMAS, 4600 >Rickenbacker, Miami,FL 33149, Fax (305) 361-4094 or 4632 or e-mail >>rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu Robert N. Ginsburg Professor of Marine Geology Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. Miami, FL 33149 Phone: (305) 361-4875 FAX: (305) 361-4094 or 4632 From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 23 19:22:02 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id TAA10684; Sat, 23 Jan 1999 19:21:59 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA21336; Sat, 23 Jan 1999 19:24:29 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma021328; Sat, 23 Jan 99 19:23:32 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id XAA11516; Sat, 23 Jan 1999 23:33:16 GMT Received: from atlas.coqui.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id SAA11511; Sat, 23 Jan 1999 18:33:11 -0500 Received: from coqui.net (mayaguez-ppp136.coqui.net [206.99.219.136]) by atlas.coqui.net (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id TAA22833 for ; Sat, 23 Jan 1999 19:24:50 -0400 (AST) Message-ID: <36AB0399.3F7BF0A1@coqui.net> Date: Sun, 24 Jan 1999 07:27:21 -0400 From: morelock Organization: marine research associates X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: coral and carbonate bibliography Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 17 thanks to all who have posted references on this list. my contribution of about 3000 coral and carbonate references is posted at http://home.coqui.net/morelock go to the database section of this site and click on reference files at the bottom of the page. if anyone wants to exchange procite formatted references, contact me directly at morelock@coqui.net From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 24 17:39:18 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id RAA14521; Sun, 24 Jan 1999 17:39:15 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA08273; Sun, 24 Jan 1999 17:41:47 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma008261; Sun, 24 Jan 99 17:41:20 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA20031; Sun, 24 Jan 1999 22:06:44 GMT Received: from mta1-rme.xtra.co.nz by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id RAA20025; Sun, 24 Jan 1999 17:06:39 -0500 Received: from p1-m2-ne1.dialup.xtra.co.nz ([203.96.97.129]) by mta1-rme.xtra.co.nz (InterMail v04.00.02.07 201-227-108) with SMTP id <19990124220531.PDEB682101.mta1-rme@p1-m2-ne1.dialup.xtra.co.nz> for ; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 11:05:31 +1300 Received: by p1-m2-ne1.dialup.xtra.co.nz with Microsoft Mail id <01BE4852.43A8B2C0@p1-m2-ne1.dialup.xtra.co.nz>; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 11:02:57 +1300 Message-ID: <01BE4852.43A8B2C0@p1-m2-ne1.dialup.xtra.co.nz> From: Nokome Bentley To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" Subject: RE: Sustainable "harvest" of corals????? Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1999 11:01:38 +1300 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id RAA14521 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 18 Dear coral-list, Unfortunately, I have been unable to respond earlier to Bayu Ludvianto's original query on the exploitation of corals in Indonesia and the ensuing discussion on coral harvesting. Last year I did a review of the exploitation of corals in Indonesia for TRAFFIC (the trade-monitoring arm of the WWF and the IUCN). Some of the information collected may be of use to Bayu and the coral harvesting discussion in general. The use of corals in Indonesia can be divided into three main areas: 1. Collection for the aquarium and curio trade Prior to the early 1980s, the Philippines was the major supplier of coral to the world. However, Presidential decrees in 1977 and 1980 banning coral exports, combined with effective enforcement, resulted in a dramatic reduction of trade from that country. By the late 1980s only about half of the trade originated from the Philippines and by 1993 fewer than 500 pieces of coral were reported as exported from that country each year. Concurrent with the reduction in trade from the Philippines, exports from Indonesia rose and by the early 1990s it became the world's primary supplier of coral pieces. By 1993, Indonesia exported about 83% and 92% of the trade in raw and live corals respectively. During the mid-1990s, total Indonesian exports of corals were around 1 million pieces annually with 85% of these going to the USA and Japan. Between 1985 and 1995, 43% of exports were of live corals (eg Euphyllia, Goniopora and Catalaphyllia). There has been a trend towards an increasing proportion of live exports and by 1995, around 80% of the corals imported into the USA from Indonesia were alive. 2. Mining for lime production and construction There is widespread use of corals in small scale construction, particularly in island communities where alternative forms of material are scarce or costly. It is hard to estimate the magnitude of this harvest but it is likely to be 1000's of tons per year. More intensive, large scale mining of coral reefs is occurring in some areas. I estimated that one village collects in the vicinity of 2000t of coral for making lime each year. Anecdotal evidence suggests that this is probably the largest site for this type of collection and is unlikely to be matched elsewhere. Both live and dead corals are collected. Severe damage was done to coral reefs in Bali due to coral mining for hotel construction in the late 1970s. In one area in particular, there is now no reef or beach for the hotel customers to enjoy and retaining walls have had to be built to prevent further erosion. 3. Collection of black corals for use in jewelry Relatively small amounts of black corals. Increasingly scarce according to collectors. The impacts of coral collection for the aquarium trade and mining for construction are quite different. Mining is causing severe impacts on a wide variety of coral species in localized areas. Collection generally targets a few species and is generally more extensive. Nonetheless, collection has the potential to result in the depletion of some species of corals particularly in accessible areas prone to concentrated harvesting. All hard corals (at least the orders Scleractinia, Coenothecalia and the family Tubiporidae) are listed under CITES Appendix II. Species listed under Appendix II can be exported if the government considers that the quantities of exports are sustainable. Indonesia sets annual quotas on the number of each coral species that can be exported. Thus, in many respects Indonesia already has an eco-labelling scheme for corals since according to CITES all corals exported from there are within sustainable limits. Unfortunately, given uncertainties about the population dynamics of corals and the area of reefs in Indonesia, it is difficult to determine what the quota levels should be. It is not clear whether current Indonesian export quotas are sustainable or not. But such problems would also confront an independent eco-labelling scheme. Rather than establishing an eco-labelling scheme it may be more beneficial for those concerned about the sustainability of export coral trade in Indonesia to help strengthen the effectiveness of the current CITES export quotas. For example, more research into the status of exploited species and encouraging the authorities to take a precautionary approach to quota setting while uncertainties still exist. Some on the list have suggested an immediate ban on the trade of all wild caught corals. As others have pointed out this may well be worse for the corals than the current situation. Remove coral collection as a source of income for coastal fishing communities and they may turn to potentially more destructive activities - cyanide and dynamite fishing are two already attractive means to make ends meet. Providing fishers with a means of income that is dependent upon a healthy functioning reef is the best way to provide an incentive to preserve those reefs. Small-scale coral culture as practiced in the Solomon Islands may be a way to do this. This sort of activity could be used as an alternative income for the coral miners in Indonesia. The sustainable harvesting of coral species that cannot be cultured is another alternative. Large-scale culture of corals in developed nations and a ban on wild-caught coral exports is only likely to worsen the fate of coral reefs in Indonesia. More details are available in the following article. Email me if you would like a reprint. Bentley, N. (1998). An overview of the exploitation, trade and management of corals in Indonesia. TRAFFIC Bulletin, 17(2): 67-78. Regards, Nokome Bentley ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Trophia Research and Consulting http://www.trophia.com PO Box 60 Kaikoura New Zealand Ph: + 64 3 319 6850. Fax: + 64 3 319 6850 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 24 23:34:46 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id XAA16023; Sun, 24 Jan 1999 23:34:41 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA12514; Sun, 24 Jan 1999 23:37:10 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma012501; Sun, 24 Jan 99 23:36:29 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id DAA22207; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 03:51:33 GMT Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id WAA22202; Sun, 24 Jan 1999 22:51:28 -0500 Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:1058 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <626829-26734>; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 11:48:22 +0800 Message-ID: <36ABE9C4.29DA813F@ust.hk> Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1999 11:49:24 +0800 From: Gregor Hodgson Organization: HKUST X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Nokome Bentley CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Some Papers on Sustainable Harvest of Corals References: <01BE4852.43A8B2C0@p1-m2-ne1.dialup.xtra.co.nz> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 19 M. Ross 1984. A quantitative study of the stony coral fishery in Cebu, Philippines. Mar. Ecol. 5(1):75-91 R. Grigg 1984. Resource management of precious corals: a review and application to shallow reef-building corals. Mar. Ecol. 5(1)57-74 Wells et al., 1994. Environmental Guidelines for Reef Coral Harvesting Operations. South Pacific Regional Environmental Program. PO Box 240, Apia W. Samoa. Hodgson, G. 1997. Resource use: conflicts and management solutions, Chapter 17 In: C. Birkeland (ed) Life and Death of Coral Reefs, Chapman Hall, NY. -- Gregor Hodgson, PhD Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2358-8568 Fax (852) 2358-1582 Email: Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 25 02:17:36 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id CAA16664; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 02:17:33 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA14902; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 02:20:02 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma014895; Mon, 25 Jan 99 02:19:52 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id GAA23142; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 06:12:46 GMT Received: from pearl.aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id BAA23134; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 01:12:37 -0500 Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au ([138.7.37.12]) by pearl.aims.gov.au (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id QAA20326 for ; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 16:11:38 +1000 (EST) Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19990125153405.00735f10@email.aims.gov.au> X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32) Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1999 15:34:05 +1100 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Doug Fenner Subject: references on web Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 20 Coralisters, Just thought I'd point out that people in locations that do not have access to a large library can now access much of the recent coral reef literature if they have internet access. There are now several large bibliographies that can be accessed on the web. After you find a reference you can't get at a local library, you look up the author's address in the reef researcher's directory on the CHAMP web site, and send an e-mail or postcard requesting a reprint. (if you have a library, the library is still faster) This could be a major help to researchers and grad students in many parts of the world. Many thanks to those who put these lists on the web! -Doug coral related literature: http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/coralit.html coral & carbonate references: http://home.coqui.net/morelock/datareferences.htm ReefBase: http://www.cgiar.org/iclarm/resprg/reefbase additional reference lists (CHAMP abstracts home page): http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bib/lit.abstracts.html coral reef researcher's directory (CHAMP site): http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/directory.html Douglas Fenner, Ph.D. Coral Taxonomist Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB No 3 Townsville MC Queensland 4810 Australia phone 07 4753 4241 e-mail: d.fenner@aims.gov.au web: http://www.aims.gov.au From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 25 11:06:08 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA24168; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 11:06:05 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA04992; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 11:08:35 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma004978; Mon, 25 Jan 99 11:08:29 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA26754; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 15:30:34 GMT Received: from post.tau.ac.il by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id KAA26749; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 10:30:29 -0500 Received: from 324.tau.ac.il (sherman324.tau.ac.il [132.66.42.143]) by post.tau.ac.il (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with SMTP id RAA07663 for ; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 17:28:36 +0200 (IST) Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19990125172917.007b8aa0@post.tau.ac.il> X-Sender: dafnaz@post.tau.ac.il (Unverified) X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32) Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1999 17:29:17 +0200 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Dafna Zeevi Subject: Prof Freitag, Munster University,Germany Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 21 Dear coral listers, I'm trying to find the email of Prof. Freitag, J.F. from the University of Munster, Germany. Please be kind to send me the email if any of you have it by any chsnce. Much obliged, Dafna Zeevi. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 25 11:22:40 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA24578; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 11:22:28 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA06356; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 11:24:57 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma006317; Mon, 25 Jan 99 11:24:19 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA26852; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 15:43:51 GMT Received: from willamette.cbn.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id KAA26847; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 10:43:44 -0500 Message-Id: <199901251543.KAA26847@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Received: (qmail 17255 invoked from network); 25 Jan 1999 15:43:57 -0000 Received: from ip08-37.cbn.net.id (HELO gayatri) (202.158.8.37) by willamette.cbn.net.id with SMTP; 25 Jan 1999 15:43:57 -0000 Reply-To: <@cbn.net.id> From: "RG Lilley" To: Subject: Re: Indonesian coral trade Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1999 22:37:35 +0700 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1161 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 22 ---------- > From: RG Lilley > To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Indonesian coral trade > Date: Jumat, 22 Januari, 1999 17:30 > > > The Indonesian Scientific Authority for CITES just recommended a collection > quota of over one million pieces of corals for this year (1999). It is > slightly more that last year's quota. I am sure that will make the traders > happy, bearing in mind that for every one million pieces exported, perhaps > as much as ten times that amount is extracted from the reefs (we are still > talking about live corals for the aquarium trade) and dies before it is > exported, because of bad handling. > > Catalaphyllia jardinei, the species which I heard is banned from entering > the UK this year, has been given an export quota of 75,000 pieces for this > year, by the Indonesian authorities. The guidelines for the coral trade > were prepared last year, with the hope that this document will somehow slow > down the rate of corals coming out from Indonesia. But it seems that the > guidelines have not been implemented by the authorities. The guidelines > were prepared using a participatory approach, and were agreed to be > implemented by the major stakeholders. The traders were the ones who were > very enthusiastic and willing to give the guidelines a try. But, I guess, > business is business. > > There are strong arguments among the decision makers that Indonesia needs > more and more cash, especially during this economic crisis. Yes, > eco-labelling as a market force is a good idea, but who will enforce the > principles within this country?. Oh well, I am too pessimistic. But, I am > here, trying to convince and motivate people to care and take > responsibility for their environment. And it seems that I am bashing my > head against a brick wall. There are intentions to try coral farming, but > will they be economically viable? If the authorities are still willing to > allow the export of corals collected from the wild, why should anybody want > to invest in coral farming? Clearly there are no incentives (rather like > tree planting). However, even a total trade ban would not address the real > problem here – destruction of the reefs by coral miners, bombers, cyanide, > and so on. > > Gayatri Lilley > Jl. Pinang II Kav 11 > Jakarta 12450, Indonesia > > e-mail : rglilley@cbn.net.id > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 25 15:09:55 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id PAA04489; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 15:09:53 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA23379; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 15:12:25 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma023330; Mon, 25 Jan 99 15:11:40 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id TAA28881; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 19:22:25 GMT Received: from pete.uri.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id OAA28876; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 14:22:21 -0500 Received: from jcin5062.uri.edu (RodmanDU27.nets.uri.edu [131.128.5.27]) by pete.uri.edu (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id OAA08645 for ; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 14:21:22 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <4.0.2.19990125132130.0092e320@postoffice.uri.edu> X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.0.2 Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1999 14:06:52 -0500 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Joshua Cinner Subject: poverty and gear types in coral reef fisheries Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 23 Dear coral-listers I would like to get some feedback,suggestions, and possibly some new directions from this multi-disciplinary body regarding my master's thesis. As a Peace Corps Volunteer in Jamaica, I observed what I believe to be a connection between the relative wealth of fishers and the type of gear they used. It appeared as though the gear types which seem to be more malignant to the coral reef were utilized by fishers of lower wealth and social status. (I am assuming that some gear types, such as line fishing, are more benign while others, such as blast fishing, are more malignant toward the reef). I am interested in pursuing this idea as my masters thesis which I am currently beginning here at the Marine Affairs Faculty of the University of Rhode Island. My initial idea is to examine the different measures of wealth for the study site (as income is often an inappropriate measure of status and wealth- for example; one study expressed that the ability to travel, especially abroad, was the ultimate measure of wealth for a specific community in Jamaica). I then plan to explore the gear types employed by fishers and their relative effects on coral reefs. I am planning to establish a linkage between wealth and gear types by using a discrete choice analysis (maybe probit or logit), but WELCOME ANY OTHER IDEAS. Here is where I could really use some suggestions however- seeing as I want to make a direct link between coral reef conditions and poverty, would it be practical to do my own research on the reefs themselves (probably just manta tows or other really basic surveys is all I was really thinking) or should I just focus on the measures of wealth, gear types, and linking them, relying on background information from other studies to suggest that gear types have different effects on reefs? I have (It seems) obtained some funding to conduct my research over the summer in Mexico. Can anyone recommend a site (or preferably several) in Mexico that would have a high diversity of coral reef fishing practices? I would also appreciate suggestions of particularly interesting studies on measures of wealth, and gear types and impacts (especially if it is in Mex). I sincerely appreciate feedback, so please let me know what you think of my ideas, give me suggestions, comments, criticisms, whatever. Respectfully, Joshua Cinner 2550 Kingstown Rd. Kingston, RI 02881 (401) 783-6719 jcin5062@postoffice.uri.edu From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 25 19:04:49 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id TAA07945; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 19:04:47 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA05049; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 19:07:19 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma005036; Mon, 25 Jan 99 19:06:51 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id XAA00786; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 23:30:51 GMT Received: from pete.uri.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id SAA00781; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 18:30:46 -0500 Received: from jcin5062.uri.edu (RodmanDU73.nets.uri.edu [131.128.5.73]) by pete.uri.edu (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id SAA03689 for ; Mon, 25 Jan 1999 18:29:50 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <4.0.2.19990125174016.00931100@postoffice.uri.edu> X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.0.2 Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1999 18:14:09 -0500 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Joshua Cinner Subject: poverty and reefs Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 24 We're seeing problems with overfishing using spears. This is a "selective" method and elliminates the larger preditors. Large preditors are also morereproductive. This practice has resulted in an increase in populations of fish which damage the reef (farmers like Damsels and blueheads). Personally I have observed expensive spears used by all classes and this preferred recreational fishing method may be more an expression of individual machismo than an expression of a desire to sport fish. I've seen small trunk fish and sea fans targeted and I have seen spears used in areas where there clearly are more spear fishermen than fish worthy of spearing. I for one would be interested in seeing an emperical study of what motivates this behavior. Mary Ann Lucking corals@caribe.net Mary Anne and others, In the marine park I was working for in Montego Bay, spearfishing was banned for just that reason. However, it seemed that the spearfishers are considered the lowest on the totem pole, most of the spearfishers were otherwise "unemployable" in the formal job market- i.e. just got out of jail, lacked an education, or were from the wrong district and people wouldn't hire them. Without alternatives, the incidence of these regulations beared heavily upon them and they were reluctant to comply. Conflicts were commonplace among our poor rangers, often involving death threats. Your claim that overfishing of certain species is degrading reefs seems to be supported by much of the literature I have read, should I also be looking into whether certain incomes or gear types target such keystone species and are "indirectly" responsible for reef degradation? Respectfully, Joshua Cinner 2550 Kingstown Rd. Kingston, RI 02881 (401) 783-6719 jcin5062@postoffice.uri.edu From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jan 26 05:49:38 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id FAA10988; Tue, 26 Jan 1999 05:49:35 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA15109; Tue, 26 Jan 1999 05:52:07 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma015100; Tue, 26 Jan 99 05:51:27 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id IAA04234; Tue, 26 Jan 1999 08:48:53 GMT Received: from mail.nnm.nl by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id DAA04229; Tue, 26 Jan 1999 03:48:48 -0500 Received: by mail.nnm.nl with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2448.0) id ; Tue, 26 Jan 1999 09:47:03 +0100 Message-ID: From: "Hoeksema, B.W." To: "'rglilley@cbn.net.id'" , coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Coral trade quota Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1999 09:46:54 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2448.0) Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 25 Dear Coral-listers, Re: the information given by Gayatri Lilley, Having checked corals collected for trade in Indonesia before export and those that have arrived at Schiphol international airport for import by the aquarium industry, I realized how clever professional coral collectors are in finding corals with much "fleshy" tissue that usually dwell at greater depths (20-30 m), such as those belonging to Catalaphyllia jardinae. In their natural environment these corals do not reach very high population densities. These corals usually live as large calices semi-burried in the sandy bottom underneath reef slopes. They are not colonies which can easily be chopped into pieces. I would be surprised if annual quota such as 75,000 ever can be reached. To me it seems to be a hypothetical number to maintain a regulation that only exists on paper. If I am wrong, I would be even less amused. Bert Dr. Bert W. Hoeksema Co-ordinator Sea Research (Fauna Malesiana Marina) National Museum of Natural History Naturalis P.O. Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands Tel.: +31.71.5687631 Fax: +31.71.5687666 E-mail: Hoeksema@Naturalis.NNM.nl > -----Oorspronkelijk bericht----- > Van: RG Lilley [SMTP:rglilley@cbn.net.id] > Verzonden: maandag 25 januari 1999 16:38 > Aan: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Onderwerp: Re: Indonesian coral trade > > > > ---------- > > From: RG Lilley > > To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > Subject: Indonesian coral trade > > Date: Jumat, 22 Januari, 1999 17:30 > > > > > > The Indonesian Scientific Authority for CITES just recommended a > collection > > quota of over one million pieces of corals for this year (1999). It is > > slightly more that last year's quota. I am sure that will make the > traders > > happy, bearing in mind that for every one million pieces exported, > perhaps > > as much as ten times that amount is extracted from the reefs (we are > still > > talking about live corals for the aquarium trade) and dies before it is > > exported, because of bad handling. > > > > Catalaphyllia jardinei, the species which I heard is banned from > entering > > the UK this year, has been given an export quota of 75,000 pieces for > this > > year, by the Indonesian authorities. The guidelines for the coral trade > > were prepared last year, with the hope that this document will somehow > slow > > down the rate of corals coming out from Indonesia. But it seems that the > > guidelines have not been implemented by the authorities. The guidelines > > were prepared using a participatory approach, and were agreed to be > > implemented by the major stakeholders. The traders were the ones who > were > > > very enthusiastic and willing to give the guidelines a try. But, I > guess, > > business is business. > > > > There are strong arguments among the decision makers that Indonesia > needs > > more and more cash, especially during this economic crisis. Yes, > > eco-labelling as a market force is a good idea, but who will enforce the > > principles within this country?. Oh well, I am too pessimistic. But, I > am > > here, trying to convince and motivate people to care and take > > responsibility for their environment. And it seems that I am bashing my > > head against a brick wall. There are intentions to try coral farming, > but > > will they be economically viable? If the authorities are still willing > to > > allow the export of corals collected from the wild, why should anybody > want > > to invest in coral farming? Clearly there are no incentives (rather > like > > tree planting). However, even a total trade ban would not address the > real > > problem here - destruction of the reefs by coral miners, bombers, > cyanide, > > and so on. > > > > Gayatri Lilley > > Jl. Pinang II Kav 11 > > Jakarta 12450, Indonesia > > > > e-mail : rglilley@cbn.net.id > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 27 17:21:31 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id RAA13576; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 17:21:27 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA05797; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 17:24:02 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma005781; Wed, 27 Jan 99 17:23:33 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id VAA21180; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 21:25:26 GMT Received: from ns.psi.calva.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id QAA21175; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 16:25:14 -0500 Received: from [154.15.19.77] ([154.15.19.77] (may be forged)) by ns.psi.calva.net (8.8.6/8.8.6) with SMTP id WAA07931 for ; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 22:24:02 +0100 (MET) Date: Wed, 27 Jan 1999 22:24:02 +0100 (MET) X-Sender: fpl10@pop.calvacom.fr (Unverified) Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" X-Mailer: Eudora F1.5.4 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: fpl10@calva.net (Fabrice POIRAUD-LAMBERT) Subject: Coral Reef rebuilding Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 26 Hi All, We often hear about Bleaching, and coral sickness, and as a result, many coral reefs are dying or already dead. By being a Reef Aquarist, meaning that I own and raise coral (about 60 species, 80% stony small polyped corals) in my tank at home, in the middle of a big town, I produce (not on purpose !) many many fragments that I give to friends or people asking for it. As we are now able to raise corals (about 1 to 2 cm per month for Acropora sp for example) even without having space and money, is it crazy to think that we could set up special farms, near coral reefs, with the double purpose of : raising frags to earn money, and then use this money to rebuild coral reefs by reintroducing corals. I have heard some things about ideas like this, but it sounds to be very rare. Are there laws against this ? Do Scientists study this possibility ? What are the cons & pros ? Thanks for your replies Best Regards Fabrice POIRAUD-LAMBERT France - Paris From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 27 18:28:11 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id SAA14234; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 18:28:00 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA08800; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 18:30:32 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma008787; Wed, 27 Jan 99 18:30:01 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA21817; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 22:40:37 GMT Received: from cuda.jcu.edu.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id RAA21812; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 17:40:30 -0500 Received: from jcu.edu.au ([137.219.134.101]) by cuda.jcu.edu.au (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id IAA17868; Thu, 28 Jan 1999 08:38:50 +1000 (EST) Message-ID: <36AF9625.21FD5358@jcu.edu.au> Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1999 08:41:42 +1000 From: Ruby Moothien Pillay X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Fabrice POIRAUD-LAMBERT , Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Coral Reef rebuilding References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 27 Hi Fabrice Pr. Jean Jaubert, director of l'Observatoire Oceanologique Europeen de Monaco, has looked at the possibility of culturing various species of corals in aquaria. Please refer to: Jaubert, J., Marchioretti,M., Ounais,N., Gilles,P., Priouzeau,F and E.Tambutte (1996):Potential use of cultured Coral Transplants in Aquarium Stocking and Reef Restoration, 4th Interantional Aquariology Congress, Tokyo. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 27 18:30:05 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id SAA14266; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 18:30:03 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA08926; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 18:32:35 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma008863; Wed, 27 Jan 99 18:31:41 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA21833; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 22:43:05 GMT Received: from cuda.jcu.edu.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id RAA21828; Wed, 27 Jan 1999 17:42:56 -0500 Received: from jcu.edu.au ([137.219.134.101]) by cuda.jcu.edu.au (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id IAA16828; Thu, 28 Jan 1999 08:41:33 +1000 (EST) Message-ID: <36AF96C8.A89A161A@jcu.edu.au> Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1999 08:44:25 +1000 From: Ruby Moothien Pillay X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Fabrice POIRAUD-LAMBERT , coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Coral Reef rebuilding References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 28 Hi Fabrice Professeur Jean Jaubert, director of l'observatoire Oceanographique European De Monaco has cultured various species of corals in aquaria and this invention is now commercialised bu the potential use of cultured coral transplants in aquarium stocking From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 28 22:04:21 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id WAA00966; Thu, 28 Jan 1999 22:04:19 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA03534; Thu, 28 Jan 1999 22:06:49 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma003524; Thu, 28 Jan 99 22:06:19 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id BAA03925; Fri, 29 Jan 1999 01:57:09 GMT Received: from renoir.cftnet.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id UAA03916; Thu, 28 Jan 1999 20:57:04 -0500 Received: from catalaphyllia (gannet@ppp99-15.cftnet.com [163.125.99.15]) by renoir.cftnet.com (8.8.6/8.6.4) with SMTP id UAA11986 for ; Thu, 28 Jan 1999 20:55:23 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <199901290155.UAA11986@renoir.cftnet.com> From: "Dave" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1999 20:56:07 -0500 Subject: Re: Coral Reef rebuilding Reply-to: gannet@cftnet.com Priority: normal In-reply-to: X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Win32 (v3.01d) Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 29 > As we are now able to raise corals (about 1 to 2 cm per month for Acropora > sp for example) even without having space and money, is it crazy to think > that we could set up special farms, near coral reefs, with the double > purpose of : raising frags to earn money, and then use this money to > rebuild coral reefs by reintroducing corals. This is being done now in the Solomon Islands. Solutions like this that involve the local population and generate income for their communities are, in my opinion, one of the best ways to ensure survival of reefs. When local people have a sense of "ownership" of the reefs, and see the health and survival of the reefs as essential to their own well-being, then they will be proactive in protecting them. Without this, any developer waving money will be given free rein - and we all know where that leads. There are also a number of commercial coral aquaculture operations in the United States. This is exciting and laudable, and shows how far we have come in understanding the husbandry needs of corals. I would point out, in passing, that the vast majority of the knowledge needed to accomplish this was gathered by amateur reef aquarists, not professionals. But, I think it would be even better if we could encourage these operations in the countries bordering the natural reefs, for the reasons stated above. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 29 09:33:19 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id JAA05640; Fri, 29 Jan 1999 09:33:17 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA17948; Fri, 29 Jan 1999 09:35:53 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma017926; Fri, 29 Jan 99 09:35:00 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id NAA08194; Fri, 29 Jan 1999 13:47:58 GMT Message-Id: <199901291347.NAA08194@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Fri, 29 Jan 1999 08:10:29 -0500 (EST) From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML To: Coral-List Subject: NSF funded projects Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 30 Greetings, We have placed two documents given to us by Phillip R. Taylor (Director, Biological Oceanography Program, Division of Ocean Sciences, NSF) on the CHAMP Page (www.coral.noaa.gov), under Bulletins. They are: "Coral Reef Projects for 1997," and "Coral Reef Projects for 1998" which describe coral reef related projects funded by the National Science Foundation. Please note that these are PDF documents, which require Adobe Acrobat to read. Take care... From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 29 14:08:27 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA14173; Fri, 29 Jan 1999 14:08:24 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA03514; Fri, 29 Jan 1999 14:10:57 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma003498; Fri, 29 Jan 99 14:10:54 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA10591; Fri, 29 Jan 1999 18:21:10 GMT Received: from turbo.kean.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id NAA10586; Fri, 29 Jan 1999 13:21:06 -0500 Received: from localhost (ckievman@localhost) by turbo.kean.edu (8.9.1b+Sun/8.9.1) with ESMTP id NAA11173 for ; Fri, 29 Jan 1999 13:17:25 -0500 (EST) Date: Fri, 29 Jan 1999 13:17:25 -0500 (EST) From: KIEVMAN To: Coral-List Subject: Coral Reef Research Scholarship & Field Course In-Reply-To: <199901291347.NAA08194@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 31 Please announce these opportunities to your students or post this message. Poster and application materials can be requested from: CoralReef@turbo.kean.edu I. Coral Reef Field Course in the Cayman Islands II. Marine Environmental Research Institute's Scholarship for Coral Reef Research I. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE'S (MERI) CORAL REEF FIELD COURSE IN THE CAYMAN ISLANDS The Marine Environmental Research Institute offers undergraduate and graduate field courses to introduce a variety of topics on coral reef environments. Topics include an introduction to coral reef systems, coral reef evolution and succession, and natural and anthropogenic impacts on reef ecosystems. Students have opportunities to become involved in small, short-term field research projects related to the coral reef system. Field course will take place in the Cayman Islands, during the last week of June 1999 and provide graduate (4 or 6 credits) or undergraduate credit (6 credits) through Kean University (a state university of New Jersey), Department of Geology and Meteorology. Students are accepted in the course without regard to race or gender. For additional information visit our web site: http: //turbo.kean.edu/~meri/course1.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ II. MERI SCHOLARSHIP FOR CORAL REEF RESEARCH MERI Scholarship: One scholarship in the amount of $2500.00 will be awarded for the 1999 field course. The scholarship will pay for the expenses related to field research on coral reefs in the Cayman Islands and assist in the cost of college credit offered through Kean University, Department of Geology and Meteorology. Who: Female undergraduate and graduate students who are science majors are invited to apply. Students with a biological or geological background are encouraged to apply. Objective: To introduce college students to the coral reef system by involving them in field course and research opportunities. Application Deadline: Received by March 15, 1999. Application Requirements: Transcripts, application form, resume, 2 letters of recommendation (preferably from your professors). Submit to: Dr. Carrie M. Kievman, Marine Environmental Research Institute - Coral Reef Scholarship Committee, Kean University, Department of Geology and Meteorology, 1000 Morris Ave, Union, NJ 07083 Email: CoralReef@turbo.kean.edu Visit our Website: http://turbo.kean.edu/~meri/Welcome.html From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 1 01:31:30 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id BAA29228; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 01:31:27 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA28922; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 01:34:01 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma028912; Mon, 1 Feb 99 01:33:01 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id FAA02412; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 05:11:18 GMT Received: from mtiwmhc06.worldnet.att.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id AAA02406; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 00:11:13 -0500 Received: from worldnet.att.net ([12.72.105.226]) by mtiwmhc06.worldnet.att.net (InterMail v03.02.07 118 124) with ESMTP id <19990201050942.GFT17947@worldnet.att.net> for ; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 05:09:42 +0000 Message-ID: <36B53774.D24444E3@worldnet.att.net> Date: Sun, 31 Jan 1999 21:11:16 -0800 From: Jerry Bakus Reply-To: bakus@worldnet.att.net X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Coral Reef Workers Subject: For Coral Reef Workers experienced in Indonesia Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 32 I hope to conduct quantitative reef studies in Ambon in March-April. Can you suggest some workable polluted and nearby (if possible) relatively non-polluted sites? What is the status of bleaching in the region? Jerry Bakus From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 1 11:15:52 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA04876; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 11:15:50 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA19621; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 11:18:23 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma019536; Mon, 1 Feb 99 11:17:28 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA07104; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 15:34:25 GMT Message-Id: <199902011534.PAA07104@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Mon, 1 Feb 1999 11:20:35 +0100 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: ReefCheck Germany Subjce: video for TV special Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 34 Hi coralisters, I was contacted by a German TV channel. They are preparing a report on bleaching and are looking for good video or TV-material from bleached reefs (preferably Indian Ocean/Pacific). Does anybody have interesting material or knows of somebody whom I could contact? Could be that they will even pay for it. Best wishes Georg _______________________ Reef Check Germany Georg Heiss / Moshira Hassan Karlstalweg 2/1 69412 Eberbach Germany Tel: (49) 6271-1678 Fax: (49) 6271-1678 E-mail: http://ReefCheck.home.pages.de From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 1 13:39:41 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id NAA08607; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 13:39:38 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA03190; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 13:42:12 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma003142; Mon, 1 Feb 99 13:41:38 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id RAA08346; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 17:55:44 GMT Date: Mon, 1 Feb 1999 17:55:44 GMT Message-Id: <199902011755.RAA08346@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: Jim Hendee To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: SEAKEYS Data Online Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 35 Greetings, For those of you who have a need for meteorlogical (NDBC/C-MAN) and oceanographic data collected under the SEAKEYS (FIO, NOAA/SFERPM) Program in the Florida Keys, there is now available a data server for selected queries. Please be advised that these data are raw and have not been quality controlled. Also, more recently added data parameters (e.g., fluorometry, transmissometry) and data values for some stations are not available at this time. However, the database will be updated in the future. The database is updated every morning at around 0915 hrs EST. SEAKEYS Data Server http://www.neptune.aoml.noaa.gov SEAKEYS Daily Data http://www.coral.noaa.gov/cman Overview of the SEAKEYS Program http://www.coral.noaa.gov/sferpm/seakeys/ NDBC C-MAN data http://seaboard.ndbc.noaa.gov/ndbc.html If you have any questions conerning the database, please direct them to me at jim.hendee@noaa.gov. If you have any questions concerning the SEAKEYS Program, please see the "Overview of the SEAKEYS Program" link mentioned above. Cheers, Jim Hendee ---------------------------------------------------- James C. Hendee Ocean Chemistry Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149-1026 Voice: (305) 361-4396 Fax: (305) 361-4392 Email: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Web: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 1 16:05:51 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id QAA14267; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 16:05:48 -0500 (EST) From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA15984; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 16:08:28 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma015962; Mon, 1 Feb 99 16:07:59 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id UAA09619; Mon, 1 Feb 1999 20:26:05 GMT Message-Id: <199902012026.UAA09619@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Mon, 1 Feb 1999 14:38:10 EST To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Mime-Version: 1.0 Subject: assistance needed Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 36 Hello, I am a producer of childrens educational videos. I am currently seeking video clips and unique stills of a reef for an upcoming video about the ocean habitat for 3-4th grade kids. I am especially interested in 'skeletal' photos, close up polyp shots, and live video of the unique creatures and plants found on/in a reef. Can you direct me? I appreciate your time. Thank you, Karen Olson...K4Video@aol.com From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 2 11:04:07 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA24267 for ; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 11:04:07 -0500 (EST) From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA01268; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 11:06:40 -0500 Received: from orbit34i.wwb.noaa.gov(140.90.197.234) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma001149; Tue, 2 Feb 99 11:05:51 -0500 Received: from [140.90.197.121] ([140.90.197.121]) by orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id KAA16199; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 10:59:06 -0500 Date: Tue, 2 Feb 1999 10:59:06 -0500 Message-Id: <199902021559.KAA16199@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Subject: Bleaching - HotSpots To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, bbest@usaid.gov, jreaser@state.gov, khughes@nesdis.noaa.gov, Michael.Crosby@noaa.gov, pthomas@state.gov, rhayes@fac.howard.edu, goreau@bestweb.net, Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov Cc: adam.lewis@jcu.edu.au, Environmental_Services@compuserve.com, apaterson@ocean.nos.noaa.gov, c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au, j.oliver@gbrmpa.gov.au, jamie_oliver@hotmail.com, hendee@aoml.noaa.gov, J.McManus@cgnet.com, jsapper@nesdis.noaa.gov, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov, rayb@gbrmpa.gov.au, R.Kenchington@gbrmpa.gov.au, Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov, s.massel@aims.gov.au, T.Done@aims.gov.au, apicciolo@nodc.noaa.gov, w.skirving@aims.gov.au X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 37 HotSpot Notes February 2, 1999 Western Hemisphere: NOAA satellite data show a large HotSpot appears to be developing, WNW-ESE, south of Tahiti. Compare 2 Feb 99 with 2 Feb 98 [El Nino year]! Eastern Hemisphere: The large HotSpot around the central Great Barrier Reef continues to grow as winds continue to be light and sunshine abundant. We have just received reports of slight bleaching in the past few weeks in the vicinity of Lizard Island [near Cairns] "very minor degree of bleaching in some pocilloporids - patchy and only in some colonies". AES http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html -- or -- http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad/sub/noaarsrc.html **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ***** Alan E. Strong Phys Scientist/Oceanographer Adj Assoc Res Professor NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3 US Naval Academy NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W Oceanography Department 5200 Auth Road Annapolis, MD 21402 Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304 410-293-6550 Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov 301-763-8102 x170 FAX: 301-763-8108 http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 2 12:22:26 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA25635; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 12:22:24 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA03252; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 12:25:00 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma003223; Tue, 2 Feb 99 12:24:48 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA17744; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 15:55:43 GMT Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id KAA17739; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 10:55:38 -0500 Received: (qmail 23344 invoked by uid 0); 2 Feb 1999 15:53:58 -0000 Message-ID: <19990202155358.23343.qmail@hotmail.com> Received: from 194.82.103.16 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP; Tue, 02 Feb 1999 07:53:58 PST X-Originating-IP: [194.82.103.16] From: "Taufik Hizbul Haq" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: information Date: Tue, 02 Feb 1999 07:53:58 PST Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 38 Dear all, I'm just want to aks if anyone has information about Pulau Payar in Malaysia; the coral bleaching, tourism activities, etc. I need them for my study. Thank you for your information. Yajari-Lombok ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 2 12:55:42 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA26319; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 12:55:39 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA01112; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 12:58:12 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma001050; Tue, 2 Feb 99 12:58:05 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id RAA18475; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 17:15:21 GMT Received: from linus.ngs.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id MAA18470; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 12:15:17 -0500 Received: from ocean.nos.noaa.gov (ocean.nos.noaa.gov [140.90.168.102]) by linus.ngs.noaa.gov (8.8.6 (PHNE_14041)/8.8.5) with SMTP id MAA01868; Tue, 2 Feb 1999 12:08:22 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Date: 2 Feb 1999 12:14:45 -0500 From: "Haskell, Ben" Subject: Jellyfish Lake- Palau To: "Coral list" Cc: "Colin, Pat" X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP for Quarterdeck Mail; Version 4.1.0 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id MAA26319 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 39 I'm forwarding this message (rec'd in Jan. 99) from Dr. Pat Colin: "Besides the terrible coral bleaching we experienced, the population of the large Mastigias jellyfish in the lake where the tourists go has crashed! The sunworshipping jellyfish of jellyfish lake are gone. Seems the big drought we had last year has caused the water there to be too warm and too saline for the young jellyfish to survive. Things are slowly moving back to normal, but it may be some time before the jellyfish come back, maybe as much as six months to a year. It is insane how much things have been affected here by the climate chaos. Palau is certainly not isolated from what's affecting the rest of the world. All for now, cheers, Pat" From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 4 07:55:19 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id HAA27003; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 07:55:16 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA03377; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 07:57:46 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma003343; Thu, 4 Feb 99 07:57:22 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id MAA03288; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 12:41:50 GMT Message-Id: <199902041241.MAA03288@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1999 07:40:02 -0500 (EST) From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML To: Coral-List Subject: Sorry about that... Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 40 Unfortunately, the aging coral workstation, which hosts coral-list, the CHAMP Web Page, and several other Web pages and listservers, was down for about 9 or 10 hours yesterday due to some problems with the hardware and software. Hopefully, these problems are now fixed. Cheers, Jim Hendee NOAA's Coral Health and Monitoring Program Administrator (jim.hendee@noaa.gov) From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 4 08:57:32 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id IAA27916; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 08:57:29 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA06849; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 09:00:12 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma006816; Thu, 4 Feb 99 08:59:38 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id NAA04394; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 13:55:23 GMT Message-Id: <199902041355.NAA04394@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Wed, 03 Feb 1999 16:13:28 -0500 (EST) From: Walt Jaap STP To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Job at FMRI Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 41 SHORT-TERM JOB AVAILABLE - FLORIDA MARINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 100 8th Ave SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701-5095. The individual will assist research staff in emergency and normal field work (ship groundings, dredge insults, aquaculture surveys, coral reef surveys, and long term ecological research projects). Other responsibilities include equipment maintenance and computer data entry. This is a temporary position paying $8.00 an hour with no benefits. Overtime is paid for work over 40 hours in a week and travel expenses are reimbursed after the event. The individual should be in good health and able to work well with others in stressful circumstances. The work area is in central and southern Florida. Must be able to perform at the scientific diver level of skill and be able to pass all requirements in the American Academy of Underwater Sciences standards for a scientific diver: medical exam, swimming test, written exam, health and safety certifications and openwater checkout (http://www.aaus.org/). Skills that are of primary importance: 1. Operating and primary maintenance of air filling stations (compressor, cascade cylinders). 2. Experience in the use of underwater video equipment: setting up, testing, operating, maintenance, and editing to include copying tapes and frame grabbing images for computer files. 3. Scuba equipment maintenance. 4. The individual should have participated in a small boat safety class and have small boat operating skills (navigation and maintenance). 5. Experience in underwater 35 mm photography to include setting up, testing, operating, and maintenance. 6. Computer systems to include MS Word, spread sheets (Quatro Pro, Excel), image processing software, and the ability to use e-mail. 7. Skills in underwater survey techniques to include quadrats, transects, and photogrammetry. 8. Use of lift bags, epoxy applicators, hydraulic and pneumatic tools, compass, surface supplied diving gear, dry suits, taking measurements (distance and bearings) of distinct features. Respond to Emergency response technical assistant, FAX: 727-893-1270. A resume and the names and phone numbers of two references should be provided. Please respond by 5:00 PM on 10 February. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 4 16:23:33 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id QAA07810; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 16:23:28 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA07256; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 16:26:06 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma007228; Thu, 4 Feb 99 16:25:53 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id UAA01046; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 20:48:04 GMT Received: from mail.pixi.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id PAA01041; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 15:47:58 -0500 (EST) Received: from pholthus (adp8470-1-01.pixi.net [209.84.70.13]) by mail.pixi.com (8.8.5/8.8.5/PIXI-5.2) with SMTP id KAA22243; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 10:46:16 -1000 (HST) Message-Id: <4.0.1.19990204101337.00dd7570@mail.pixi.com> X-Sender: pholthus@mail.pixi.com X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.0.1 Date: Thu, 04 Feb 1999 10:48:04 -1000 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Paul Holthus Subject: Marine Aquarium Council - Certifying Quality & Sustainability Cc: Jamie Resor - World Wildlife Fund Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; types="text/plain,text/html"; boundary="=====================_21642316==_.ALT" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 42 --=====================_21642316==_.ALT Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Dear Coral-Listers, Please allow me to bring the Marine Aquarium Council to your attention.=20 MAC is a major new international effort to address sustainability and= quality in the harvesting and commerce of marine aquarium organisms. Below is a brief description of the rationale, background and status of this comprehensive program to develop standards, certification and labeling for= the marine ornamentals industry. =20 The MAC website (www.aquariumcouncil.org) contains more information as well= as means to register your interest in being a part of this growing global network. We look forward to the involvement of the coral reef science and management community in these efforts. With regards, Paul Holthus Executive Director Marine Aquarium Council 3035 Hibiscus Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96815 Ph: +1 808 923-3254 Fax: +1 808 923 -6023 =20 E-mail: paul.holthus@aquariumcouncil.org Website: www.aquariumcouncil.org THE MARINE AQUARIUM COUNCIL:=20 CERTIFYING QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE MARINE AQUARIUM INDUSTRY Market forces are one of the most useful means to encourage and support quality "products" and sustainable practices in the marine ornamentals industry. The demand from informed consumers for such products and practices will create incentives for industry to adopt and adhere to standards to improve quality control and management of the organisms, habitat, and industry practices and provide a quality-assured, higher value-added product. The corollary is that marine aquarium organisms of poor quality and unsustainable practices will face decreasing market acceptance. As a= result, destructive and substandard practices (e.g. use of sodium cyanide, lack of water quality control, high levels of mortality) will decrease as these operators either adjust their practices "upward" to comply with the= standards or lose the support of the market and fall out of the industry. To put these market forces to work, a Certification System is needed to:=20 =B7 establish standards for quality products and practices; =B7 provide a system to document compliance with these standards; =B7 label the results of certification for quality assurance; and=20 =B7 create consumer demand and confidence for certified and labeled organisms, practices and industry participants. Due to the global nature of the trade in marine ornamentals, an independent, multi-stakeholder, international institution is required to work with all of the relevant parties, especially the entire industry "Chain of Custody" -= i.e. from collectors to exporters to importers/wholesalers to retailers and the consumer. The Marine Aquarium Council has been established for this purpose. The Marine Aquarium Council (MAC) is a non-profit organization that brings together a rapidly growing cross section of representatives of the= ornamentals industry, conservation organizations, government agencies, public aquariums, hobbyists and scientists - all with a shared interest in the future of the marine ornamentals industry, the marine organisms it is based on and the habitat that supports them. Stakeholder consultations are underway to= develop standards and test them in pilot areas, and begin initial certification in 1999. Participation in MAC is open to those ready to collaborate and contribute to a constructive dialogue and the development of a Certification System for marine ornamentals. --=====================_21642316==_.ALT Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Dear Coral-Listers,

Please allow me to bring the Marine Aquarium Council to your attention.
MAC is a major new international effort to address sustainability and quality in the harvesting and commerce of marine aquarium=20 organisms.

Below is a brief description of the rationale, background and status of this comprehensive program to develop standards, certification and labeling for the marine ornamentals industry. 

The MAC website (www.aquarium= council.org) contains more information as well as means to register your interest in being a part of this growing global network.

We look forward to the involvement of the coral reef science and management community in these efforts.

With regards,

Paul Holthus

Executive Director
Marine Aquarium Council
3035 Hibiscus Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96815
Ph: +1 808 923-3254  Fax: +1 808 923 -6023 
E-mail: paul.holthus@aquariumcouncil.org
Website: www.aquariumcouncil.org


THE MARINE AQUARIUM COUNCIL:
CERTIFYING QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE MARINE AQUARIUM INDUSTRY

Market forces are one of the most useful means to encourage and support quality "products" and sustainable practices in the marine ornamentals industry. The demand from informed consumers for such products and practices will create incentives for industry to adopt and adhere to standards to improve quality control and management of the organisms, habitat, and industry practices and provide a quality-assured, higher value-added product.

The corollary is that marine aquarium organisms of poor quality and unsustainable practices will face decreasing market acceptance.  As a result, destructive and substandard practices (e.g. use of sodium cyanide, lack of water quality control, high levels of mortality) will decrease as these operators either adjust their practices "upward" to comply with the standards or lose the support of the market and fall out of the industry.

To put these market forces to work, a Certification System is needed to:
=B7       establish standards for quality products and practices;
=B7       provide a system to document compliance with these standards;
=B7       label the results of certification for quality assurance; and
=B7       create consumer demand and confidence for certified and labeled organisms, practices and industry participants.

Due to the global nature of the trade in marine ornamentals, an independent, multi-stakeholder, international institution is required to work with all of the relevant parties, especially the entire industry "Chain of Custody" - i.e. from collectors to exporters to importers/wholesalers to retailers and the consumer. The Marine Aquarium Council has been established for this purpose.

The Marine Aquarium Council (MAC) is a non-profit organization that brings together a rapidly growing cross section of representatives of the ornamentals industry, conservation organizations, government agencies, public aquariums, hobbyists and scientists - all with a shared interest in the future of the marine ornamentals industry, the marine organisms it is based on and the habitat that supports them. Stakeholder consultations are underway to develop standards and test them in pilot areas, and begin initial certification in 1999.  Participation in MAC is open to those ready to collaborate and contribute to a constructive dialogue and the development of a Certification System for marine ornamentals.




--=====================_21642316==_.ALT-- From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 4 17:33:10 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id RAA08868; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 17:33:07 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA10254; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 17:35:45 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma010206; Thu, 4 Feb 99 17:35:29 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id VAA01454; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 21:49:34 GMT Received: from mail.adhost.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id QAA01459; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 16:49:24 -0500 (EST) Received: from atinker.accessone.com (ip131.usr6.usw.du.nwlink.com [209.20.134.131]) by mail.adhost.com (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id NAA16674 for ; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 13:47:42 -0800 (PST) Message-Id: <3.0.3.32.19990204135046.007cbb70@mail.adhost.com> X-Sender: aaron@mail.adhost.com X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.3 (32) Date: Thu, 04 Feb 1999 13:50:46 -0800 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Aaron Tinker Subject: Job Posting Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id RAA08868 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 43 Exciting job opportunity – please distribute (sorry for cross-postings) Position: Program and Legislative Associate, Washington DC Description: Marine Conservation Biology Institute (MCBI), a non-profit conservation organization based in Redmond, WA seeks an enthusiastic, energetic, and experienced staff person to lobby Congress and federal agencies on key issues and assist in other program activities in its Washington DC office. The Associate would work closely with the Program Director to identify issues of concern, strategize with others in the conservation community, and carry out successful campaigns. MCBI is dedicated to advancing the science of marine conservation biology by holding multidisciplinary scientific workshops on emerging issues and disseminating the results to policymakers and the public. Advocacy efforts in Washington DC focus largely on policies affecting marine protected areas/marine sanctuaries and improving funding for marine conservation biology research. Other program activities could include organizing and/or facilitating scientific workshops and assisting with workshop publications. Qualifications: Successful candidates will have a graduate degree in marine biology, ecology, oceanography, marine affairs, natural resource management, environmental science, or related field, and at least 2 years experience advocating environmental policies, preferably at the federal level. Excellent oral and written communications skills a must. Candidates must be comfortable dealing with scientists and communicating scientific concepts to policymakers and the public, and must be self-starters capable of working independently. Experience working with the media and generating media coverage a plus. Starting salary: $35,000 - $40,000 depending on experience, plus excellent benefits. To apply: Send resume, brief writing sample, and full contact information for 3 references by mail to Program Director, Marine Conservation Biology Institute, 205 N. Edgewood St., Arlington VA 22201. No phone calls, faxes, or emails please. Deadline: March 9. Http://www.mcbi.org From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 4 19:30:53 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id TAA10322; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 19:30:50 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA13167; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 19:33:31 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma013141; Thu, 4 Feb 99 19:32:40 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id XAA02078; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 23:50:14 GMT Received: from minim.drug.COM by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id SAA02072; Thu, 4 Feb 1999 18:50:01 -0500 (EST) Received: from minim.drug.com (xxx.drug.com [202.33.25.28]) by minim.drug.COM (8.9.2/who-cares) with SMTP id IAA11474 for ; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 08:55:20 +0900 (JST) Reply-To: y@drug.com Message-Id: <4.0.1-J.19990203054900.020c1ed0@202.33.25.4> X-Sender: y@drug.com X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.0.1-J Date: Fri, 05 Feb 1999 08:48:47 +0900 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Yoshi Mizuno Subject: Re: Coral Harvesting--CO2 release comparison In-Reply-To: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 44 Dear Coral-Listers, At 08:36 99/01/19 +0100, Miriam Huitric wrote: >Ultimately, private aquaria coral is a luxury item (after the 2,000 dollar >estimate for the equipment needed - if you can afford that, you can afford >to travel to the reef). In times of healthy reef abundance this market is .. > It has been argued on the list that to have corals in your home brings you > nearer to the reef and its nature - in that case private owners should be > more than sympathetic to a ruling in the favour of coral reefs. Those yet to > live through the experience of privately owning coral could make do with > visiting the aquaria or seeing an actual coral reef in the mean time - or? As a reef keeper and a scuba diver, I have been thinking about the above for a while. Dr. Carlson and others have pointed out the eventual positive effect of coral farming/collecting to the health of the coral reef. Assumin g that the global warming has contributed to this bleaching event, I have come up with the following estimation. I would love to hear any comments or critici sm on the issue. Comparison of Reef Keeping vs. Reef Visiting in terms of CO2 production --------------------------------------------------------- Assumptions: --Compare one trip to Maldives (family of three) vs. reef tank run for a year --Average power consumption of a reef tank: 500W --Estimated fuel consumption per passenger on 747 traveling long distance: 20 km/liter (From Japan Airline Webpage) --Distance from Tokyo to Male, Maldives via Singapore: 8750km --Specific gravity of Jet fuel : 0.8 --Carbon content of Jet Fuel : 0.68kg/liter (My guess) Since Jet Fuel is hydrocarbon, assuming it is normal alkane cabon/hydrogen ratio is Cn vs. Hn x2 + 2. If n=7, H:C(wt) =16:84 So one liter of Jet fuel has 1liter x 0.8 kg/liter x 0.85 = 0.68 kg of car bon --Ignore CO2 production for the aquarium equipment manufacturing; Ignore CO2 production other than jet fuel for the trip. --------------------------------------------------------- Jet Fuel of a reef trip (a family of three). 8750km x 2 / 20km/liter = 880 liter. (Round trip) 880 liter x 3 = 2.6k liter ;-O ------------------------------------------------------------ As Electricity in Tokyo is generate by 43% Nuclear 34% LNG, LPG 12% Oil 7% Hydroelectric. 4% Coal. CO2 (grams of carbon) producing potential per 1kWh generated Coal 270 Oil 200 LNG 178 Nuclear 6 Hydroelectric 5 270 x 0.04 + 200 x 0.12 + 178 x 0.34 + 6 x 0.43 + 5 x 0.07 = 98.25 g/kWh However, Tokyo Denryoku (Electric Power) officially claims that they achieve 81g/kWh of Carbon. So let's use that number. ------------------------------------------------------------ Reef tank power consumption in a year 500W x 24h x 356 days = 4380kWh ------------------------------------------------------------ C02 GENERATED Reef Trip for Three: 2.6kl x 0.68kg/l carbon = 1770kg of carbon Reef Tank in Tokyo: 4.4MWh x 81 kg/MWh = 356kg of carbon The bottom line: "Running reef tank one year" produces about five times less CO2 compared to a "reef trip for three." PS. I think my reef tank is sucking CO2 out of atomosphere ;-) -- I notice pH drop when I have a lots (over 20) people in my living room. . . -- Yoshi Mizuno y@drug.com From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 5 02:14:46 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id CAA12391; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 02:14:39 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA20004; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 02:17:16 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma019989; Fri, 5 Feb 99 02:17:07 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id GAA03798; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 06:25:17 GMT Received: from cuda.jcu.edu.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id BAA03790; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 01:25:04 -0500 (EST) Received: from reef-lab.jcu.edu.au ([137.219.47.117]) by cuda.jcu.edu.au (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id QAA15660 for ; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 16:23:22 +1000 (EST) Message-ID: <36BB1AAF.486F@jcu.edu.au> Date: Fri, 05 Feb 1999 16:22:07 +0000 From: Paul Marshall X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win95; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Video footage of bleached reefs Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 45 Hi Georg Together with another colleague, Andrew Baird, I have been researching the coral bleaching episode of 1998 on the Great Barrier Reef. Our initial results are reported in the last issue of Coral Reefs for 1998 as a Reef Site: Baird, AH; Marshall, PA; 1998 "Mass bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef " CORAL REEFS; VOL 17; NUMBER 4; pp. 376 During our surveys we obtained some dramatic video (Hi8) footage of some of the worst affected reefs during the height of bleaching. While the water visibility is typical for inshore reefs, the images are quite spectacular. Please let me know if you think that the German TV channel might be interested. cheers Paul Marshall CRC Reef Research Centre James Cook University Townsville Australia email: paul.marshall@jcu.edu.au From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 5 09:12:26 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id JAA16651; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 09:12:24 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA26558; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 09:14:55 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma026538; Fri, 5 Feb 99 09:14:27 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id NAA05954; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 13:21:30 GMT Date: Fri, 5 Feb 1999 13:21:30 GMT Message-Id: <199902051321.NAA05954@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: Coral-List.Administrator@aoml.noaa.gov To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Coral workstation at AOML Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 46 My apologies to all who have tried to post messages to coral-list but could not. I have had to replace the hard drive on the coral workstation, and the operating system, and there were some problems with messages going to some locations. If you have recently (yesterday or today) tried to post a message, but it failed, please drop me a note at jim.hendee@noaa.gov and forward to me any error message(s) you received. Thanks for your patience and help. Cheers, Jim Hendee coral-list administrator From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 5 12:28:46 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA20692; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 12:28:43 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA08778; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 12:31:15 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma008745; Fri, 5 Feb 99 12:30:50 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA07274; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 16:32:07 GMT Received: from heinlein.acpub.duke.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id LAA07246; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 11:31:57 -0500 (EST) Received: from godzilla2.acpub.duke.edu (mbm4@godzilla2.acpub.duke.edu [152.3.233.43]) by heinlein.acpub.duke.edu (8.8.5/Duke-4.7.0) with ESMTP id LAA27485; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 11:23:27 -0500 (EST) Received: (from mbm4@localhost) by godzilla2.acpub.duke.edu (8.8.5/Duke-4.7.1) id LAA21677; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 11:23:26 -0500 (EST) Date: Fri, 5 Feb 1999 11:23:25 -0500 (EST) From: Mike Mascia X-Sender: mbm4@godzilla2.acpub.duke.edu To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Duke Marine Conservation Program Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 47 APOLOGIES FOR CROSS LISTING Duke University Integrated Marine Conservation Program The Nicholas School of the Environment Marine Laboratory at Duke University is offering an unparalleled educational opportunity from July 12 to August 13, 1999. Duke's Integrated Marine Conservation Program teaches the principles necessary for the conservation and preservation of the coastal and oceanic environment. The focus is on interdisciplinary problem solving--using natural and social science theory to resolve real world environmental problems. The Duke summer faculty will be joined by distinguished scholars from around the country for this intensive five week program. Visiting faculty include: Kai Lee, Williams College; Bonnie J. McCay, Rutgers University; John McQuaid, The Times-Picayune (New Orleans, Louisiana); and Peter B. Moyle, University of California at Davis. Participants in the Integrated Marine Conservation Program usually enroll in the program's 'core' course (Conservation Biology and Policy) and one of six elective courses offered concurrently. Enrollment in any one course is also possible. Scholarships are available, including several earmarked for international students. In order to receive full consideration, applications for general scholarships must be received by March 1. Applications for international student scholarships must be received by April 1. Applications for the Integrated Marine Conservation Program will be accepted until the program is full. For further information, see our web site at http://www.env.duke.edu/marinelab/mlterm2.html or contact Ms Helen Nearing at hnearing@duke.edu, (252) 504-7502. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 5 15:57:18 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id PAA26826; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 15:57:15 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA23490; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 15:59:49 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma023470; Fri, 5 Feb 99 15:59:11 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id TAA08553; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 19:53:09 GMT Date: Fri, 5 Feb 1999 19:53:09 GMT Message-Id: <199902051953.TAA08553@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: Matt Patterson To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Job at FMRI Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 48 Concerning Walt Jaap's recent posting of a job at FMRI, please also read this, if you are interested in the position. It has some necessary legalese and important descriptions. JOB OPPORTUNITY FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FLORIDA MARINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE 100 8th Ave S.E. St. Petersburg, FL 33701-5095. POSITION: (OPS) TECHNICAL STAFF, $8.00 PER HOUR-NO BENEFITS APPLY TO: Emergency response technical assistant FAX #: 727-893-1270 CLOSING DATE: February 10, 1999, 5:00 p.m. Fax resume and the names and phone numbers of two references by the closing date. JOB DESCRIPTION: asist research staff in emergency and normal field (Overtime is paid for work hours over 40 in a week week (Friday to Thursday) and approved travel expenses are reimbursed after the event.) DESIRED QUALIFICATIONS: 1. Ability to work in the field under demanding physical conditions and work well with others in stressful circumstances. 2. Ability to perform at the scientific diver lev 3. Skill in the operation and primary maintenance of air filling stations (compressor, cascade cylinders). 4. Experience in the use of underwater video equipment: setup, testing, operating, maintenance, and editing to include copying tapes and frame grabbing images for computer files. 5. Scuba equipment maintenance. 6. Possession of Small Boat Safety Class certification and skill in the operation and maintenance of small boat s 7. Experience in underwater 35 mm photography to include setup, testing, operating, and maintenance. 8. Experience with Personal Computer systems and software including MS Word, spread sheets (Quatro Pro, Excel), image processing software, and the ability to use e-mail. 9. Skill in underwater survey techniques to include quadrats, transects, and photogrammetry. 10. Experience with lift bags, epoxy applicators, hydraulic and pneumatic tools, compass, surface supplied diving gear, dry suits, taking measurements (distance and bearings) of distinct features. AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY /AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER FEDERAL LAW REQUIRES THAT WE HIRE ONLY U.S. CITIZENS AND LAWFULLY AUTHROIZED ALIENS WHO CAN PROVIDE PROOF OF THEIR IDENTITY AND EMPLOYMENT ELIGIBILITY. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 5 18:31:35 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id SAA29392; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 18:31:32 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA03378; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 18:34:11 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma003371; Fri, 5 Feb 99 18:33:59 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA09405; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 22:42:13 GMT Received: from barra.jcu.edu.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id RAA09398; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 17:42:04 -0500 (EST) Received: from localhost (glpal@localhost) by barra.jcu.edu.au (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id IAA11399; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 08:40:22 +1000 (EST) Date: Sat, 6 Feb 1999 08:40:22 +1000 (EST) From: Piers Larcombe Reply-To: Piers Larcombe To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov cc: me! , ken woolfe , tim bell Subject: Great Barrier Reef Field Course Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 49 The School of Earth Sciences at James Cook University is offering a field course which may be of interest to readers of the newsgroup. DO YOUR FIELD COURSE ON THE GREAT BARRIER REEF AND ADJACENT COAST (June 7-28, 1999) 'Coral Reefs and Mangroves of the Great Barrier Reef' Focus: Field studies in shelf sedimentology Location : Townsville and environs Duration: 3 weeks from June 7 to June 28, 1999. Credit: 4 credit points from James Cook University (contact James Cook University for information on credit transferability). Cost: $3600 (Australian dollars - approximately US$2500 - includes accommodation and transport once you arrive at James Cook University to start the course). This course introduces students to the cutting-edge of sedimentology research using the central Great Barrier Reef Lagoon as its laboratory. The focus is on the sedimentary processes which control the distribution of shelf sediments and coral reefs. The course will consist of an introduction (delivered remotely via the web and by lectures and practical work at JCU), followed by 12-14 days of fieldwork, using the University research vessels Mudskipper and James Kirby. Students may have the option to view the reef from the air (through an overflight by small plane) and to visit the outer reef. During the first half of the course, participants will be introduced to a range of instrumentation and equipment (including current meters, bed-level sensors, grab samplers, side-scan sonar, vibrocorer, sub-bottom profiler) and sedimentary environments (including fringing coral reefs, near-shore turbid-zone reefs, coastal sediment bodies, shelf sediment bodies and the outer reef). During the second half of the course, participants will develop and focus on a specific research issue. This elite course is designed to provide hands-on experience on the Great Barrier Reef itself, an unparalleled setting in which to learn the complexities of the shelf system from experts in the field. See website http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/earth/teaching/fieldov.html Primary Contact: Professor Tim Bell tim.bell@jcu.edu.au fax: +61 (0)7 4725-1501 COURSE OUTLINE Course Leaders: Dr Ken Woolfe, Dr Piers Larcombe Jun 7 Lecture 1 Introduction to the GBR, the School and the Course Lecture 2 The GBR Shelf Lecture 3 Trade Winds and Cyclones Prac 1: Tides, Currents and regional sedimentation patterns and geology (Townsville Region) and a BBQ Jun 8 Field Trip Inter-tidal sedimentary environments (Shelly Bay). Jun 9 Field Trip Inter-tidal sedimentary environments (Shelly Bay). Jun 10 Lecture 4 Applications of particle size analysis Lecture 5 Petrology and grain shape Prac 2 Particle size analysis, petrology and grain shape. Prac 3 Reporting. Jun 11 Lecture 6 Tides and tidal creeks Lecture 7 Mangrove systems Lecture 8 Collection of real-time data Prac 4 Working with data loggers and data. Jun 12 Field Trip Mangrove creeks and salt flats (Cocoa Creek) Jun 13 Travel to field camp (probably Whitsunday Islands) Jun 14 - 18 Small group activities A) Tides, currents and waves B) Inter-tidal sediments C) Supra-tidal deposits D) Sub-tidal sediments E) Seismic stratigraphy Jun 19 Outer Reef Trip Jun 20 Small group project generation Jun 21-26 Small group research projects Jun 27 Day trip to investigate a quartz sand problem Jun 28 Return to Townsville Please address initial enquiries to tim.bell@jcu.edu.au. Piers -------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Piers Larcombe piers.larcombe@jcu.edu.au Tel. +61 7 47815056 Fax. +61 7 47251501 http://www.jcu.edu.au/dept/Earth/ http://www.jcu.edu.au/dept/Earth/people/Larcombe.html Marine Geophysical Laboratory, School of Earth Sciences James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia -------------------------------------------------------- From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 6 00:40:08 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id AAA01197; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 00:40:06 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA10407; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 00:40:48 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma010400; Sat, 6 Feb 99 00:40:12 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA06542; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 16:37:59 GMT Received: from cbl.umces.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id LAA06694; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 11:37:49 -0500 (EST) From: auger@cbl.umces.edu Received: from coryaa2.cbl.umces.edu (coryaa2.cbl.umces.edu [199.75.0.216]) by cbl.umces.edu (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id LAA11541 for ; Fri, 5 Feb 1999 11:36:10 -0500 (EST) Date: Fri, 5 Feb 1999 11:35:45 +0000 (EST) Reply-To: auger@cbl.umces.edu To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Articles on captive farming and propagation. Message-ID: X-X-Sender: auger@cbl.umces.edu MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 50 At EPARC(Eastern PA Reef Club) we are currently involved in the administration of a group of web pages which are entirely devoted to the captive propagation of corals. We hope to create the largest informational resource on the web, and the most navigable. But we need the help of every reefkeeper and scientist out there. The decline of our coral reefs can in some ways be attributed to our hobby. We as a hobby can serve to show the world that we are taking a stance and trying to stop the reef destruction by propagating and raising fish and corals in our aquariums. EPARC wants to join this effort by making available a large library of techniques used to accomplish just that. We hope that all reefers can use and contribute to this effort. Thanks Paul Auger EPARC http://www.eparc.com From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 6 12:59:39 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA03504; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 12:59:36 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA20501; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 13:02:09 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma020449; Sat, 6 Feb 99 13:01:33 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA14073; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 16:57:41 GMT Received: from zahn.acpub.duke.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id LAA14076; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 11:57:35 -0500 (EST) Received: from godzilla5.acpub.duke.edu (mbm4@godzilla5.acpub.duke.edu [152.3.233.46]) by zahn.acpub.duke.edu (8.8.5/Duke-4.7.0) with ESMTP id LAA09255; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 11:51:29 -0500 (EST) Received: (from mbm4@localhost) by godzilla5.acpub.duke.edu (8.8.5/Duke-4.7.1) id LAA07240; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 11:51:29 -0500 (EST) Date: Sat, 6 Feb 1999 11:51:28 -0500 (EST) From: Mike Mascia X-Sender: mbm4@godzilla5.acpub.duke.edu To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Duke Marine Conservation Program Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 51 I apologize if this is a duplicate message. When originally posted this message appears to have been distributed to some members of coral-list but not others, perhaps because of recent problems with the server. ********** APOLOGIES FOR CROSS LISTING Duke University Integrated Marine Conservation Program The Nicholas School of the Environment Marine Laboratory at Duke University is offering an unparalleled educational opportunity from July 12 to August 13, 1999. Duke's Integrated Marine Conservation Program teaches the principles necessary for the conservation and preservation of the coastal and oceanic environment. The focus is on interdisciplinary problem solving--using natural and social science theory to resolve real world environmental problems. The Duke summer faculty will be joined by distinguished scholars from around the country for this intensive five week program. Visiting faculty include: Kai Lee, Williams College; Bonnie J. McCay, Rutgers University; John McQuaid, The Times-Picayune (New Orleans, Louisiana); and Peter B. Moyle, University of California at Davis. Participants in the Integrated Marine Conservation Program usually enroll in the program's 'core' course (Conservation Biology and Policy) and one of six elective courses offered concurrently. Enrollment in any one course is also possible. Scholarships are available, including several earmarked for international students. In order to receive full consideration, applications for general scholarships must be received by March 1. Applications for international student scholarships must be received by April 1. Applications for the Integrated Marine Conservation Program will be accepted until the program is full. For further information, see our web site at http://www.env.duke.edu/marinelab/mlterm2.html or contact Ms Helen Nearing at hnearing@duke.edu, (252) 504-7502. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 6 14:26:56 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA03943; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 14:26:53 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA21783; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 14:29:32 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma021760; Sat, 6 Feb 99 14:29:03 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA14382; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 18:33:23 GMT Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id NAA14463; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 13:33:17 -0500 (EST) Received: from uhunix1.its.hawaii.edu ([128.171.44.6]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <149410(7)>; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 08:31:33 -1000 Received: from localhost by uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <135686(10)>; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 08:31:29 -1000 Date: Sat, 6 Feb 1999 08:31:25 -1000 From: "J. Charles Delbeek" X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix1 To: "James M. Cervino" cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Last Posting, please respond direct. In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 52 On Sat, 16 Jan 1999, James M. Cervino wrote: > In response to Mark, Craig and Charles Posting, > > I agree with some of the comments my colleagues have been sending me. That > for public or private aquarium research, regulated, commercial > propagation, and for aquariums that employ aquarists who can keep the > corals alive (like the Waikiki Aquarium) for long periods without the > revolving door of new ones, is the only way we should continue. I would like to see how they will draft legislation that will allow one to determine what institutions have "qualified" staff and how they will define qualified. lol > Craig: major issues rather than "feel good" issues that are qualitatively > and quantitatively insignificant. > > CERVINO: I will make it quantitatively significant, I can show you piles of > dead corals from one aquarium and dead un-sold corals from a local > aquarium store. Also the thousands that do make the sale alive. These > stores have customers that are always coming back for new corals. The > average home aquarist has high mortality rate with the numbers of corals he > or she purchases. Multiply this by the thousands of stores across the USA. > > This is not a feel good issue, I worked at an aquarium where they kept > corals as well as friends that worked at other aquariums, I can fill up > dumpsters with the corals that did not survive in aquaria. When the coral > dies they bring in another fresh group of colonies. This is consistent at > most aquariums, a never ending revolving door of corals coming into this > country, keep in mind this is only the aquarium industry, not the > ornamental trade for living rooms. I have faxes from a friend of mine who > owns an aquarium store and I have begun to collect the faxes of the corals > he gets on a bi-weekly basis. We are talking THOUSANDS of colonies per > year! Not counting the ones he throws out upon arrival due to necrotic > tissue. His basement alone can rebuild a reef, he has many dead corals > sitting in a bin for the past two years. No one is disputing that there is loss of corals, the question that remains unanswered I feel, is what is the impact? Does these thousands of corals represent a significant amount compared to what is available for collection? IOW is this level sustainable or not? > Lets not forget SHELL WORLD IN FLORIDA, they are selling dead corals for > coffee tables, and book shelves, how many reefs were ravished for this one > store? Has anyone seen this and other places like shell world in the Fl > Keys? Most of them are not Caribbean Corals, we see Pacific dead corals > sold by the hundreds every day at Shell World and places like it. I wonder how much of the corals they sell are recent acquisitions, compared to ones they have had in stock for quite some time. I have been to the Florida Keys and the west and east FL coasts for many years starting as far back as 1966 and most recently 1994. In going past some of these places I can't say they are actually doing a booming business anymore. Many of the pieces that were in their displays are still there. Also it has been illegal to export corals frok the Philippines for some years nows. Back in the late 80's a large container of dead corals was siezed by USFWS in Chicago under the auspices of CITIES. Turns out it was from the Philippines. It was eventually released because the proper paperwork was in place and because the Philippine government claimed the corals were part of stockpiles of dead corals that had been frozen since the ban had been put in place. If you are going to call for a ban on coral imports I would suggest that you concentrate on dead coral imports first. The curio and precious coral trade accounts for a far greater percentage of the imported corals than does the live trade. At the 1992 AAZPA (American Association of Zoos and Public Aquaria) conference, USFWS special agent David Kirkby presented a paper in which it was stated that from January 1991 to August 1992 USFWS records showed that 627,884 pieces (8 metric tonnes) of live coral were imported, exported and re-exported to and from the US. Contrast that with 2,387,179 pieces (544.025 metric tonnes) of dead coral and 2,864,213 pieces (0.953 metric tonnes) of precious corals. In other words 90% by number or 98% by mass of the corals traded in the US over a period of 20 months were dead corals. Aquarium Biologist Waikiki Aquarium University of Hawaii "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end." Mr. Spock From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 6 14:27:56 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA03975; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 14:27:54 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA21799; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 14:30:33 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma021792; Sat, 6 Feb 99 14:30:27 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA14474; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 18:44:45 GMT Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id NAA14424; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 13:44:40 -0500 (EST) Received: from uhunix1.its.hawaii.edu ([128.171.44.6]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <149048(7)>; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 08:42:58 -1000 Received: from localhost by uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <135686(8)>; Sat, 6 Feb 1999 08:42:56 -1000 Date: Sat, 6 Feb 1999 08:42:50 -1000 From: "J. Charles Delbeek" X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix1 To: "Huitric, Miriam" cc: "'Coral List'" Subject: Re: Coral Harvesting In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 53 On Mon, 18 Jan 1999, Huitric, Miriam wrote: > Ultimately, private aquaria coral is a luxury item (after the 2,000 dollar > estimate for the equipment needed - if you can afford that, you can afford > to travel to the reef). In times of healthy reef abundance this market is > viable (provided reef-friendly techniques are employed). At the moment there > is much evidence that there is not an abundant resource available. So long > this debated, hindsight has shown us that caution/ precautionary principle > should be applied. Not everyone who can afford $2000 for equipment can afford to travel to a reef. Many of these hobbyists are using the majority of their paycheques to build these systems and purchase animals. Many of them live far enough away from any reef to make the cost of travelling to, visiting and staying anywhere near a reef cost prohibitive, living in Stockholm I am sure you can appreciate this. Then there are the shutins and invalids who maintain aquaria, they certainly cannot afford to travel to a reef or even have the ability to. Many aquarists who mainatin reefs do not SCUBA dive, or cannot swim. > That public aquaria are important as education tools - yes by all > means, not everyone has the opportunity/ means to visit reefs. If we > want people to take the measures to protect them, they should know > what it is they are making sacrifices for. BUT there should be careful > regulation to ensure that the coral mortality of the exhibit in > question does not undermine the aim of the display - otherwise it too > becomes a luxury we can do without during the "coral depression" years > - some supevision of the success rates of different aquaria is needed > to determine their viability. Who would you suggest would do this "supervision" and who would be qualified to? > I am not convinced that the market will naturally regulate these problems - > doesn't scarcity increase value and therefore the amount a harvester makes/ > piece of coral? Unfortunately the harvester makes VERY little per coral. Perhaps if a) the price of the coral were greater importers and shippers would take greater care in shipping and handling then they do now and b), perhaps if the collectors received more per piece they would too. That is the approach being taken by OVI in the Philippines wrt fish collection. > Miriam Huitric > Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics > The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences > Box 50005 > 104 05 Stockholm > Sweden J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc. Aquarium Biologist Waikiki Aquarium University of Hawaii "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end." Mr. Spock From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 7 20:31:43 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id UAA10725; Sun, 7 Feb 1999 20:31:41 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA20971; Sun, 7 Feb 1999 20:34:20 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma020958; Sun, 7 Feb 99 20:33:22 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id XAA21909; Sun, 7 Feb 1999 23:45:05 GMT Received: from seralph10.essex.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id SAA21771; Sun, 7 Feb 1999 18:44:37 -0500 (EST) Received: from sf141.essex.ac.uk ([155.245.129.170]) by seralph10.essex.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 1.92 #5) id 109dgs-0006yQ-00; Sun, 7 Feb 1999 23:32:38 +0000 From: H Woyt Reply-To: hwoyt@essex.ac.uk To: "J. Charles Delbeek" cc: "Coral List'" Subject: Re: Coral Harvesting Message-ID: Date: Sun, 7 Feb 1999 23:32:46 +0000 (GMT) Priority: NORMAL X-Mailer: Simeon for Win32 Version 4.1.2 Build (32) X-Authentication: IMSP MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 54 Dear Charles, I've been following this argument for quite some time now and there seems to be quite a different attitude in the U.S. than in Europe. > > Ultimately, private aquaria coral is a luxury item (after the 2,000 dollar > > estimate for the equipment needed - if you can afford that, you can afford > > to travel to the reef). In times of healthy reef abundance this market is > > viable (provided reef-friendly techniques are employed). At the moment there > > is much evidence that there is not an abundant resource available. So long > > this debated, hindsight has shown us that caution/ precautionary principle > > should be applied. > > Not everyone who can afford $2000 for equipment can afford to travel to a > reef. Many of these hobbyists are using the majority of their paycheques > to build these systems and purchase animals. Many of them live far enough > away from any reef to make the cost of travelling to, visiting and staying > anywhere near a reef cost prohibitive, living in Stockholm I am sure you > can appreciate this. Then there are the shutins and invalids who maintain > aquaria, they certainly cannot afford to travel to a reef or even have the > ability to. Many aquarists who mainatin reefs do not SCUBA dive, or cannot > swim. Yes, you will probably say that my opinion is quite arrogant, but I truly believe that not everything can be available to everybody. If somebody can't afford to go and see a real reef than that's the way it is. Not everybody can go and see elephants in the wild or visit fragile ecosystems like the Galapagos. Some people simply have to be content to visit one of the beautiful commercial aquaria like the one you are operating in Hawaii. If everybody wants to own what he thinks is beautiful than very soon there wouldn't be much left. The demand for life coral is devastating the reefs (apart from other factors). In a country like Indonesia environmental harvesting techniques will never be successful. It is simply a very different situation than you might have in the Caribbean. You might convince American hobbyists to buy sustainably harvested coral but on the Asian market this will have no impact at all. All that counts is the price. In Europe CITES makes the trade in life coral difficult so that it's really a low key hobby for people who really know what they are doing. I hope it will stay that way. Holger Woyt University of Essex U.K. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 7 21:23:01 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id VAA10882; Sun, 7 Feb 1999 21:22:59 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA21680; Sun, 7 Feb 1999 21:25:32 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma021671; Sun, 7 Feb 99 21:25:09 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id BAA19045; Mon, 8 Feb 1999 01:21:49 GMT Received: from iniki.soest.hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id UAA22183; Sun, 7 Feb 1999 20:21:43 -0500 (EST) Received: from localhost by iniki.soest.hawaii.edu (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id PAA01670; Sun, 7 Feb 1999 15:19:59 -1000 (HST) X-Authentication-Warning: iniki.soest.hawaii.edu: carlson owned process doing -bs Date: Sun, 7 Feb 1999 15:19:58 -1000 (HST) From: Bruce Carlson X-Sender: carlson@iniki To: H Woyt cc: "J. Charles Delbeek" , "Coral List'" Subject: Re: Coral Harvesting In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 55 The opinion stated by Woyt is that the "demand for life (sic) coral is devastating the reefs". That may be true or it may not be. Perhaps someone has actually done some field work to determine the effects of collecting and its long-term impacts on reefs. By this I mean systematic, long-term monitoring of collected reefs, "before", "after" and "after-after" (ie, do the reefs recover in time?). Are some species/habitats more vulnerable than others to harvesting? I believe this is being tested in Fiji now, but everything else I've heard is pretty much anecdotal. Seems to me that it would be a very interesting problem to tackle -- how quickly will corals recolonize a reef that has been "devastated" by harvesters? Are the data consistent with storm damage recovery, or, because corals are havested selectively, is the end-result something different? Bruce Carlson Waikiki Aquarium On Sun, 7 Feb 1999, H Woyt wrote: > Dear Charles, > > I've been following this argument for quite some time now and there > seems to be quite a different attitude in the U.S. than in Europe. > > > > Ultimately, private aquaria coral is a luxury item (after the 2,000 dollar > > > estimate for the equipment needed - if you can afford that, you can afford > > > to travel to the reef). In times of healthy reef abundance this market is > > > viable (provided reef-friendly techniques are employed). At the moment there > > > is much evidence that there is not an abundant resource available. So long > > > this debated, hindsight has shown us that caution/ precautionary principle > > > should be applied. > > > > Not everyone who can afford $2000 for equipment can afford to travel to a > > reef. Many of these hobbyists are using the majority of their paycheques > > to build these systems and purchase animals. Many of them live far enough > > away from any reef to make the cost of travelling to, visiting and staying > > anywhere near a reef cost prohibitive, living in Stockholm I am sure you > > can appreciate this. Then there are the shutins and invalids who maintain > > aquaria, they certainly cannot afford to travel to a reef or even have the > > ability to. Many aquarists who mainatin reefs do not SCUBA dive, or cannot > > swim. > > Yes, you will probably say that my opinion is quite arrogant, but I > truly believe that not everything can be available to everybody. If > somebody can't afford to go and see a real reef than that's the way it > is. Not everybody can go and see elephants in the wild or visit fragile > ecosystems like the Galapagos. > Some people simply have to be content to visit one of the beautiful > commercial aquaria like the one you are operating in Hawaii. If > everybody wants to own what he thinks is beautiful than very soon there > wouldn't be much left. > The demand for life coral is devastating the reefs (apart from other > factors). In a country like Indonesia environmental harvesting > techniques will never be successful. It is simply a very different > situation than you might have in the Caribbean. You might convince > American hobbyists to buy sustainably harvested coral but on the Asian > market this will have no impact at all. All that counts is the price. > > In Europe CITES makes the trade in life coral difficult so that it's > really a low key hobby for people who really know what they are doing. > I hope it will stay that way. > > Holger Woyt > University of Essex > U.K. > > > > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 8 01:17:46 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id BAA11691; Mon, 8 Feb 1999 01:17:43 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA28594; Mon, 8 Feb 1999 01:20:32 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma028560; Mon, 8 Feb 99 01:19:58 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id FAA23228; Mon, 8 Feb 1999 05:13:46 GMT Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id AAA23088; Mon, 8 Feb 1999 00:13:40 -0500 (EST) Received: from uhunix1.its.hawaii.edu ([128.171.44.6]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <152396(4)>; Sun, 7 Feb 1999 19:11:58 -1000 Received: from localhost by uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <135671(9)>; Sun, 7 Feb 1999 19:11:46 -1000 Date: Sun, 7 Feb 1999 19:11:44 -1000 From: "J. Charles Delbeek" X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix1 To: H Woyt cc: "Coral List'" Subject: Re: Coral Harvesting In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 56 On Sun, 7 Feb 1999, H Woyt wrote: > Yes, you will probably say that my opinion is quite arrogant, but I > truly believe that not everything can be available to everybody. If > somebody can't afford to go and see a real reef than that's the way it > is. Not everybody can go and see elephants in the wild or visit fragile > ecosystems like the Galapagos. I agree, not everything will be available to everybody. But not everybody wants a reef tank. Exactly, not everyone can afford to visit a reef., which was James' suggestion. The costs for many is prohibitive, but it is not prohibitive to own a reef tank. In speaking with a friend in Holland a few years ago he told me he was selling his tank, it was to oexpensive for him to run any longer. He also told me that with teh trend to have ALRGE systems so favoured in Europe, it was getting so expensive that few could afford to own one. In North America most people have systems under 200 gallons, in Europe is seems as if that is the lower limit > Some people simply have to be content to visit one of the beautiful > commercial aquaria like the one you are operating in Hawaii. If > everybody wants to own what he thinks is beautiful than very soon there > wouldn't be much left. I suppose that may be true if the resource were limited or if the degree of use exceeded the ability for the resource to renew. But where is the evidence/data to prove that coral collection a) is depleting populations beyond their ability to renew and b) that the amount of coral collected is significant to coral reefs overall? > The demand for life coral is devastating the reefs (apart from other > factors). In a country like Indonesia environmental harvesting > techniques will never be successful. It is simply a very different > situation than you might have in the Caribbean. You might convince > American hobbyists to buy sustainably harvested coral but on the Asian > market this will have no impact at all. All that counts is the price. I am very curious to know on what data you are basing your first assertion on? I am not so sure I understand why you think Indonesia vs. the Caribbean would be that different? Also, it has been illegal for quite some time to collect stony corals and sea fans in most of the Caribbean so North American hobbyists rarely see corals from this area. > In Europe CITES makes the trade in life coral difficult so that it's > really a low key hobby for people who really know what they are doing. > I hope it will stay that way. I am a little confused by your statement re:CITIES. Why would this treaty be treated any differently in North America than it would be Europe? Confiscations occur here all the time. J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc. Aquarium Biologist Waikiki Aquarium University of Hawaii "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end." Mr. Spock From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 9 01:58:54 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id BAA01784; Tue, 9 Feb 1999 01:58:51 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA27045; Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:01:32 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma027038; Tue, 9 Feb 99 02:01:30 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id FAA30570; Tue, 9 Feb 1999 05:40:34 GMT Received: from pearl.aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id AAA30563; Tue, 9 Feb 1999 00:40:24 -0500 (EST) Received: from ltmldr2.aims.gov.au ([138.7.37.8]) by pearl.aims.gov.au (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id PAA09402 for ; Tue, 9 Feb 1999 15:38:41 +1000 (EST) Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19990209153840.00808ad0@email.aims.gov.au> X-Sender: hsweatma@email.aims.gov.au X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.5 (32) Date: Tue, 09 Feb 1999 15:38:40 +1100 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Hugh Sweatman Subject: GBR Status Report 3 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 57 Colleagues, The Australian Institute of Marine Science's Long-term Monitoring of the Great Barrier Reef Status Report 3, which was released as a printed document at the ITMEMS conference in Nov 1998, is now accessible on the AIMS web page: http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/reflib/mon-statrep3/statrep3.html The report summarises information collected in six annual surveys of about 50 reefs spread across the GBR. At these reefs, small reef fishes and benthic organisms are surveyed on fixed sites and crown-of-thorns starfish and general coral cover around the reef perimeter are assessed by manta tows. About another 50 reefs are surveyed by manta tow alone. The report presents information on status and trends for the GBR, by region and for individual reefs. The report is available mainly as a series of .pdf files, though the graphics content make some of these rather large. The authors intend that this report will be a template for future reporting of this long-term program, so we would welcome feedback on content and presentation. Hugh Sweatman Long Term Monitoring Program, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB3 Townsville MC, Qld 4810 Australia ph: (07) 4753 4470 / +61 7 4753 4470 [GMT +10] faxes: (07) 4753 4288 / 4772 5852 h.sweatman@aims.gov.au web: http//www.aims.gov.au/ From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 9 07:39:58 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id HAA03469; Tue, 9 Feb 1999 07:39:55 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA01948; Tue, 9 Feb 1999 07:42:46 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma001928; Tue, 9 Feb 99 07:42:36 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id LAA32297; Tue, 9 Feb 1999 11:43:45 GMT Message-Id: <199902091143.LAA32297@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Fri, 5 Feb 1999 16:39:35 -0600 From: Belize Marine TREC To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Coral Reef Job for PhD Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 58 Marine Professors Network WANTED: Coral Reef Biologist (PhD) to teach field class March 6 to 20, 1999. All expenses paid and $2,000 US honorarium. Reply for more details. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 11 04:55:09 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id EAA10595; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 04:55:06 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA14708; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 04:58:00 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma014698; Thu, 11 Feb 99 04:57:26 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id JAA50136; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 09:04:30 GMT Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id EAA50144; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 04:04:25 -0500 (EST) Received: (qmail 13176 invoked by uid 0); 11 Feb 1999 09:02:44 -0000 Message-ID: <19990211090244.13175.qmail@hotmail.com> Received: from 194.133.91.29 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 01:02:44 PST X-Originating-IP: [194.133.91.29] From: "maxime fau" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Tridacna Reproduction Date: Thu, 11 Feb 1999 01:02:44 PST Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 59 Hello, As we know a lot of Tridacna farm are already a success. But i would like to test this reproduction in a totaly closed environment. Does somebody have this kind of experience and can help me in. Excuse for my english. Maxime FAU ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 11 11:30:07 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA15545; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 11:30:03 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA02690; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 11:32:55 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma002669; Thu, 11 Feb 99 11:32:53 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA31293; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 15:11:04 GMT Received: from winnie.fit.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id KAA31417; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 10:10:54 -0500 (EST) Received: from localhost (shenker@localhost) by winnie.fit.edu (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id KAA15060 for ; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 10:07:26 -0500 (EST) Date: Thu, 11 Feb 1999 10:07:26 -0500 (EST) From: Jonathan M Shenker To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Faculty Position Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id LAA15545 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 60 Apologies for cross-postings on other lists... Applications are invited for a FULL-TIME POSITION (9 months; rank open) to begin fall 1999. Ph.D. and postdoctoral research experience in INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY or MARINE ECOLOGY required. The successful candidate is expected to develop a strong, funded research program; to direct graduate students at the M.S. and Ph.D. levels; to teach two undergraduate courses (invertebrate zoology, marine ecology) and other courses related to the candidate’s research interests; and to supervise, maintain, and develop the department’s computer-based instructional facility. Submit a curriculum vitae, a concise statement of research and teaching interests, selected reprints, and the names, addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses of three references to Dr. Richard L. Turner, Chair, Marine Biology Search Committee, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne FL 32901-6975. Phone: 407-674-8196; fax: 407-674-7238; email: rturner@fit.edu. Website: http://www.fit.edu/AcadRes/csla/. An Equal Opportunity Employer. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 11 11:38:37 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA15708; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 11:38:35 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA03562; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 11:41:08 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma003409; Thu, 11 Feb 99 11:40:02 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA51873; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 15:23:24 GMT Received: from winnie.fit.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id KAA51987; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 10:23:19 -0500 (EST) Received: from localhost (shenker@localhost) by winnie.fit.edu (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id KAA19056 for ; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 10:19:52 -0500 (EST) Date: Thu, 11 Feb 1999 10:19:51 -0500 (EST) From: Jonathan M Shenker To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Summer Course in Australia In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 61 The Florida Institute of Technology, in association with the University of New South Wales, is offering a 6-week course summer course on the biology, ecology and evolution of terrestrial and coral reef ecosystems in Australia. We'll begin the course in the Kakadu National Forest, then examine the eucalyptus forests of southeast Australia, study the rock intertidal areas around Sydney and Bundaberd, spend a week on Lady Elliott Island on the south Great Barrier Reef, travel into the Daintree Rainforest, and finish on a live-aboard dive boat in the middle GBR. Course dates: 21 June-2 August 1999. For more information, visit http://www.bio.fit.edu/summer/aust.htm Additional questions, and requests for application forms, should be addressed to: Dr. Jon Shenker shenker@fit.edu From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 12 03:46:56 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id DAA25524; Fri, 12 Feb 1999 03:46:53 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA10817; Fri, 12 Feb 1999 03:49:37 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma010810; Fri, 12 Feb 99 03:49:06 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id HAA55703; Fri, 12 Feb 1999 07:49:40 GMT Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id CAA55248; Fri, 12 Feb 1999 02:49:31 -0500 (EST) Received: from uhunix1.its.hawaii.edu ([128.171.44.6]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <148614(5)>; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 21:47:46 -1000 Received: from localhost by uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <135696(4)>; Thu, 11 Feb 1999 21:47:37 -1000 Date: Thu, 11 Feb 1999 21:47:34 -1000 From: "J. Charles Delbeek" X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix1 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re:coral (fwd) Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 62 Anyone care to help this young lady, I have already suggested she needs to reword her hypothesis as it is not the number of reefs that is decreasing, but their health. J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc. Aquarium Biologist Waikiki Aquarium University of Hawaii "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end." Mr. Spock ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Thu, 11 Feb 1999 17:33:16 -1000 From: LAS00013@aol.com To: adjeroud@uni-perp.fr, REEF003@aol.com, wallison@dhivehinet.net.mv, pbarriga@javercol.javeriana.edu.co, AMORIM@mfca.uem.mz, raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu, oneocean@OceanNEnvironment.com.au, abaker@rsmas.miami.edu, david.bellwood@jcu.edu.au, bbest@usaid.gov, p.blanchon@ualberta.ca, eburkett@staff.uwsuper.edu, pbush@candw.ky, furman@mail.biu.ac.il, jcortes@cariari.ucr.ac.cr, mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph, gdjd@cathar.tesag.jcu.edu.au, delbeek@hawaii.edu, cim@comuh.uh.cu, vangulo@is2.dal.ca, sd008c@uhura.cc.rochester.edu, adunstan@ozemai.com.au, Michael.Eisinger@uni-essen.de, d.fenner@aims.gov.au, fichez@noumea.orstom.nc, info@wcmc.org.uk, iclarm@cgiar.org, lauretta@wri.org, smiller@gate.net, gillispi@vxe.ocis.uncwil.edu, c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au, Frankb@wri.org, Maryh@wri.org, Lauralee@wri.org, Kathyd@wri.org, info@aqua.ucsd.edu, CORALmail@aol.com, o'brien.denise.dm@bhp.com.au Subject: Re:coral To whom it may concern: I am a thirteen-year-old eighth grade student at Green Brook Middle School in New Jersey. I am in a special class called ROGATE, in which I am researching coral reefs. I obtained your name from an online coral researchers directory. My hypothesis is: The number of coral reefs in the world has decreased dramatically due to coral bleaching and increasing population. Do you agree with this statement? Please send me your opinion, any information, photographs, or brochures that you have to support your findings by February 20th. I would appreciate it if you would write to me at the following address or e-mail me at LAS00013@AOL.com. Thank you very much! Sincerely, Laura Snowden Laura Snowden 6 Green Valley Dr. Green Brook, NJ 08812 USA From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 12 14:00:16 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA03877; Fri, 12 Feb 1999 14:00:13 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA14604; Fri, 12 Feb 1999 14:03:07 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma014586; Fri, 12 Feb 99 14:02:12 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA59794; Fri, 12 Feb 1999 18:08:09 GMT Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id NAA59728; Fri, 12 Feb 1999 13:08:03 -0500 (EST) Received: (qmail 2798 invoked by uid 0); 12 Feb 1999 18:06:22 -0000 Message-ID: <19990212180622.2797.qmail@hotmail.com> Received: from 193.174.89.193 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP; Fri, 12 Feb 1999 10:06:22 PST X-Originating-IP: [193.174.89.193] From: "christiane hueerkamp" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: dry weight of coral Date: Fri, 12 Feb 1999 10:06:22 PST Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 63 Dear listers, does anybodey have the information of how much dry weight of tissue per area an "average" scleractinian coral has (without skeleton)? Thanks, Christiane Huerkamp ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 16 21:50:25 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id VAA19195; Tue, 16 Feb 1999 21:50:22 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA08857; Tue, 16 Feb 1999 21:52:58 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma008846; Tue, 16 Feb 99 21:52:13 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id BAA86472; Wed, 17 Feb 1999 01:38:26 GMT Received: from noaamh1.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id UAA86876; Tue, 16 Feb 1999 20:38:21 -0500 (EST) Received: from mailhubmh1-gw.noaa.gov by noaamh1.noaa.gov (X.400 to RFC822 Gateway); Tue, 16 Feb 1999 20:36:36 -0500 X400-Received: by mta MTANOAAMH1 in /c=us/admd=attmail/prmd=GOV+NOAA/; Relayed; 16 Feb 1999 20:36:04 -0500 X400-Received: by /c=us/admd=attmail/prmd=GOV+NOAA/; Relayed; 16 Feb 1999 20:36:04 -0500 X400-MTS-Identifier: [/c=us/admd=attmail/prmd=GOV+NOAA/; 01BC836CA1D0403C-MTANOAAMH1] Content-Identifier: 01BC836CA1D0403C Content-Return: Allowed X400-Content-Type: P2-1988 ( 22 ) Conversion: Allowed Original-Encoded-Information-Types: IA5-Text Priority: normal Disclose-Recipients: Prohibited Alternate-Recipient: Allowed X400-Originator: Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov X400-Recipients: non-disclosure; Message-Id: <01BC836CA1D0403C*/c=US/admd=ATTMAIL/prmd=GOV+NOAA/o=CCNMFS/s=Hourigan/g=Tom/@MHS> Date: 16 Feb 1999 20:36:04 -0500 From: Tom Hourigan To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 64 Dear Coral List, In the U.S. Federal Register Notice January 15, 1999 (Volume 64, Number 10), the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) requested information on marine Candidate Species for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. This notice is not a proposal for listing; candidate species do not receive substantive or procedural protection under the Endangered Species Act. The goal of the candidate species program is to identify species as candidates for possible addition to the List of Endangered and Threatened Species and encourage voluntary efforts to help prevent listings. The full text of the Federal Register notice can be found on the web at: http://www.access.gpo.gov/ ACROPORA SPECIES AS CANDIDATES FOR THREATENED OR ENDANGERED SPECIES: In this Notice, NMFS has proposed to add two coral species, elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata) and staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) as candidates for possible addition to the List of Endangered and Threatened Species under the Endangered Species Act (FR Doc. 99-1011, 1-15-99). These two species were among the dominant corals in shallow-water Caribbean reef communities. During the last two decades, it appears that populations of A. cervicornis and A. palmata have been greatly reduced throughout their range as a result of hurricane damage, coral diseases, increased predation, hypothermia, boat groundings, sedimentation, and other factors. Losses are well documented at several sites in U.S. waters, where populations declined during the 1980s by up to 96%. To date, acroporid corals have not recovered to their former abundance, and remaining populations may continue be deteriorate from natural and anthropogenic factors. The observed low rates of larval recruitment may hinder recovery of these species, given continuing losses from coral diseases, predators, storms and human impacts. To be listed under the Endangered Species Act, invertebrates must be shown to be threatened throughout the range of the species (in contrast to vertebrates, which can be listed based on specific populations or the status in U.S. jurisdiction). NMFS would appreciate any information on these species that would support or argue against inclusion on the candidate species list. Such information could include historic and current population sizes and distribution, assessments of threats, and existing and future protective measures that may assist to recover these species before listing under the ESA becomes necessary. OTHER CORAL SPECIES We have also examined several other western Atlantic coral species that might merit inclusion as Candidate species. They were not included in the Federal Register Notice since the information available was incomplete. They include: Acropora prolifera Dendrogyra cylindricus - pillar coral Dichocoenia stokessi Oculina varicosa Other species, such as the Porites porites complex, P. astreoides, the Montastraea annularis complex, M. cavernosa, Diploria strigosa, D. clivosa, and D. labyrinthiformis appear to have undergone some declines at certain sites, but do not appear as threatened as the Acropora spp, at this time. We welcome any discussion and comments members of the coral list may have on the inclusion of these or other coral species on the candidate species list. Formal comments shold be sent to the Chief of the Endangered Species Division in NMFS' Office of Protected Resources at the address listed below. Thanks for your help! Tom Hourigan ^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^ Thomas F. Hourigan, Ph.D. Tel: (301) 713-2319 Marine Biodiversity Coordinator Fax: (301) 713-0376 Office of Protected Resources, NOAA/F/PR National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East-West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA E-mail: Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov http://www.nmfs.gov/prot_res.html From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 18 01:28:20 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id BAA08273; Thu, 18 Feb 1999 01:28:18 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA15360; Thu, 18 Feb 1999 01:31:21 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma015353; Thu, 18 Feb 99 01:30:39 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id DAA03952; Thu, 18 Feb 1999 03:30:15 GMT Received: from uog9.uog.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id WAA03942; Wed, 17 Feb 1999 22:30:08 -0500 (EST) Received: from localhost by uog9.uog.edu (5.65v3.2/1.1.10.5/25Apr97-0522PM) id AA02238; Thu, 18 Feb 1999 13:49:39 +1000 Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 13:49:39 +1000 (GMT+1000) From: "Robert G. Rowan" To: Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Postdoctoral Postion Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 65 Postdoctoral position available to study zooxanthella symbioses at the University of Guam Marine Laboratory, immediately. The research involves field work, experiments in the field and in aquaria, and laboratory work in the areas of physiology and molecular biology, mostly with corals. Examples of current research interests appear in Nature 388:265-269 (1997) and in The Plant Cell 8:539-553 (1996); see also J. Phycology 34:407-417 (1998). I'm looking for a person who would like to participate in these kinds of research. The work will require laboratory skills (e.g., cell biology, physiology, biochemistry, or molecular biology; not necessarily from studies on corals), good field skills (diving), and an ability to work independently. Excellent (for a tropical marine laboratory) facilities are available. If interested, please send me a c.v., a BRIEF description of your research experience and professional goals, and contact information for at least three personal references. Preferably, send these by email. Rob Rowan UOG Marine Laboratory Mangilao, Guam 96923 USA Fax: 671 734 6767 Email: (rrowan@uog9.uog.edu) From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 18 13:19:06 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id NAA20854; Thu, 18 Feb 1999 13:18:58 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA21072; Thu, 18 Feb 1999 13:21:59 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma021009; Thu, 18 Feb 99 13:21:01 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id RAA07057; Thu, 18 Feb 1999 17:14:23 GMT Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id MAA07482; Thu, 18 Feb 1999 12:14:16 -0500 (EST) Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10]) by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with SMTP id MAA17849 for ; Thu, 18 Feb 1999 12:00:40 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Date: 18 Feb 1999 12:10:44 U From: "Mark Eakin" Subject: NOAA Diving Manuals To: "Recipients of coral-list" X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"; Name="Message Body" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id NAA20854 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 66 Subject: Time: 11:53 NOAA Diving Manuals Date: 2/18/99 I have gained possession of several copies of the current (1991) version of the NOAA Diving Manual "Diving for Science and Technology". I understand that a new one is being developed. In the meantime, these are available, free, to a good home. I would provide these to institutions that do not have or have access to the manual currently. If you would like one, please e-mail me. If I get more requests exceed supply, I will use some non-arbitrary method based on need to choose recipients. Cheers, Mark From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 19 14:42:00 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA13042; Fri, 19 Feb 1999 14:41:50 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA08592; Fri, 19 Feb 1999 14:44:35 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma008577; Fri, 19 Feb 99 14:44:13 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA14845; Fri, 19 Feb 1999 18:35:20 GMT Message-Id: <199902191835.SAA14845@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: "doccm" To: Subject: pictures of bleached coral Date: Fri, 19 Feb 1999 16:48:46 +0100 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 67 We are a french magazine and we would like to publish an article about coral bleaching. So we are looking for pictures representing a coral reef before and after bleaching (it has to be the picture of a same reef). You can reach me in Paris (France) at the following numbers : tel : 1 44 90 69 88 fax: 1 44 90 68 34 Many thanks in advance for your help Isabelle Bouillot, magazine "Ca m'int=E9resse" From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 19 14:42:38 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA13150; Fri, 19 Feb 1999 14:42:34 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA08684; Fri, 19 Feb 1999 14:45:37 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma008655; Fri, 19 Feb 99 14:45:20 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA14855; Fri, 19 Feb 1999 18:38:11 GMT Message-Id: <199902191838.SAA14855@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Fri, 12 Feb 1999 07:48:18 -0600 From: Belize Marine TREC To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Belize Course Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 68 Belize Marine TREC Tropical Research & Education Center Announcing: Professors' Preview May 30 to June 5, 1999 $300 If you conduct field classes in the caribbean visit our facility and see what we have to offer. Cost is only $300 and includes room, board and full program. The only required extras are international airfare and departure tax ($15 US). Group size is limited to 20 participants. We generally have a very stimulating group of professors. Intern positions available: next opening June 1 to August 15. Reply for an application to this e-mail address, Subject: intern. Researchers: We are interested in establishing relationships with researchers who wish to conduct their work in this area of the caribbean. We could help facilitate your work without the usual bureaucratic hassles. Coral Reef Ecology Courses: Student Programs run year round. Minimum groups size is 10 students. Our staff and resources assist professors in conducting tropical field courses. We offer classrooms, labs, 50ft research vessels, aquariums and a professional staff. The programs can be adjusted to fit the needs of the instructor. Mayan ruin and jungle excursions can easily be added to mainly marine curricula. For more information contact: Dr. Kenneth C. Mattes, Director bztrec@btl.net From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 20 13:17:41 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id NAA21545; Sat, 20 Feb 1999 13:17:39 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA12066; Sat, 20 Feb 1999 13:20:18 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma012058; Sat, 20 Feb 99 13:20:07 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id RAA20795; Sat, 20 Feb 1999 17:46:34 GMT Received: from MAINE.maine.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id MAA20806; Sat, 20 Feb 1999 12:46:29 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <199902201746.MAA20806@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Received: from [130.111.160.194] [130.111.160.194] by MAINE.maine.edu (IBM VM SMTP Level 310) via TCP with SMTP ; Sat, 20 Feb 1999 12:43:11 EST Subject: Re: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List Date: Sat, 20 Feb 99 12:46:36 -0500 x-mailer: Claris Emailer 1.1 From: Bob Steneck To: "Tom Hourigan" , "Coral List" Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 69 Dear Tom, It seems to me that the Acropora decline throughout the Caribbean may qualify that genus and all of its species to endangered status. I have seen some recent declines in Porites and to a lesser extent Dichocoenia but some of the other species you have listed I do not think qualify. Most notably is Dendrogyra cylindricus. While I know of no region or reef in the Caribbean where it has ever been abundant, it is remarkably common. Most reefs have a little of that species and most areas I've worked throughout the Bahamas, eastern and western Caribbean seem to have healthy colonies. I suspect you do not want a list of corals that happen to have always had low abundance. It will be relatively easy to query the Atlantic and Gulf Reefs Rapid Assessment data sets to see if higher than average mortality rates are showing up for the species you list below (see: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/agra/agra1.html). In April many of us will be assembling in Fort Lauderdale to present data on the condition of Caribbean reefs, perhaps you could get a consensus of opinions at that time (see: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/cfp_1.html). Good luck in your efforts. Bob Steneck >We have also examined several other western Atlantic coral species that might >merit inclusion as Candidate species. They were not included in the Federal >Register Notice since the information available was incomplete. They >include: > >Acropora prolifera >Dendrogyra cylindricus - pillar coral >Dichocoenia stokessi >Oculina varicosa > >Other species, such as the Porites porites complex, P. astreoides, the >Montastraea annularis complex, M. cavernosa, Diploria strigosa, D. >clivosa, and >D. labyrinthiformis appear to have undergone some declines at certain >sites, but >do not appear as threatened as the Acropora spp, at this time. ---------------------------- Robert S. Steneck, Ph.D. Professor, School of Marine Sciences University of Maine Darling Marine Center Walpole, ME 04573 207 - 563 - 3146 ext. 233 e-mail: Steneck@Maine.EDU The School of Marine Sciences Web site: http://www.ume.maine.edu/~marine/marine.html From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 22 01:51:24 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id BAA29931; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 01:51:20 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA11708; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 01:53:58 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma011700; Mon, 22 Feb 99 01:53:41 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id FAA29617; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 05:13:29 GMT Received: from taicom.marine.su by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id AAA29591; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 00:13:17 -0500 (EST) Received: from ltpv.online.marine.su by taicom.marine.su (8.6.9/TAICHU002) id PAA29074; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 15:11:29 +1000 Reply-To: "Latypov" From: "Latypov" To: "coral-list" Subject: message Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 15:09:32 +1000 Message-ID: <01be5e21$885bc580$0f02000a@ltpv.online.marine.su> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_000D_01BE5E75.5A07D580" X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 70 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_000D_01BE5E75.5A07D580 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-3" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable In Institute of Marine Biology (Vladivostok, Russia) Yuri Latypov has = finished the description more than 300 species of Scleractinian of = Vietnam. Five parts of the monography Scleractinian Corals of Vietnam = (in Russian) in which are published many problem questions of = morphology, terminology and taxonomy of these corals are surveyed. Is = resulted annotated the list of all species, found in Vietnam. The book The principles and methods of the CNIDARIAN classification. = (Vladivoistok, Dalnauka, 1998, 244 p.) there is published. The book = accounts the main results of more than 20 years of investigations in = systematics and taxonomy of the CNIDARIA, which are difficult for = taxonomy. The modern ideas abouth the criteria for taxon definition of = the fossil and recent corals, actinia, hydroids are shown. Using = numerous examples the significance of the various features, definition = of the limits of their variability, methods of the resolving of the = inevitable problems, which take place in the identification and = classification of Cnidarian, are shown.=20 my e-mail: ltpv@online.marine.su ------=_NextPart_000_000D_01BE5E75.5A07D580 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-3" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

In Institute of Marine Biology (Vladivostok, Russia) Yuri Latypov has = finished the description more than 300 species of Scleractinian of = Vietnam. Five=20 parts of the monography Scleractinian Corals of Vietnam (in Russian) in = which=20 are published many problem questions of morphology, terminology and = taxonomy of=20 these corals are surveyed. Is resulted annotated the list of all = species, found=20 in Vietnam.

The book The principles and methods of the CNIDARIAN classification.=20 (Vladivoistok, Dalnauka, 1998, 244 p.) there is published. The book = accounts the=20 main results of more than 20 years of investigations in systematics and = taxonomy=20 of the CNIDARIA, which are difficult for taxonomy. The modern ideas = abouth the=20 criteria for taxon definition of the fossil and recent corals, actinia, = hydroids=20 are shown. Using numerous examples the significance of the various = features,=20 definition of the limits of their variability, methods of the resolving = of the=20 inevitable problems, which take place in the identification and = classification=20 of Cnidarian, are shown.

my e-mail: ltpv@online.marine.su

------=_NextPart_000_000D_01BE5E75.5A07D580-- From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 22 11:40:15 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA07042; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 11:40:12 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA05627; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 11:43:01 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma005586; Mon, 22 Feb 99 11:42:51 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA32768; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 15:41:45 GMT Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id KAA32869; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 10:41:39 -0500 (EST) Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10]) by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with SMTP id KAA27093 for ; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 10:29:02 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Date: 22 Feb 1999 10:38:38 U From: "Mark Eakin" Subject: NOAA Diving Manuals (2) To: "Recipients of coral-list" X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"; Name="Message Body" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id LAA07042 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 71 Subject: Time: 10:31 NOAA Diving Manuals (2) Date: 2/22/99 Well, I knew they would be popular. I have received over 100 requests for less than 20 manuals. I will go through these shortly and send them out. I will send e-mails to those that will receive copies. The priority will be for copies that can be shared at labs in developing countries that would have the greatest difficulty accessing it otherwise. I have plenty of requests from labs that fir that category. I will keep the remaining requests in case I get a hold of more copies. Cheers, Mark From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 22 12:04:41 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA07653; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 12:04:37 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA08635; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 12:07:15 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma008613; Mon, 22 Feb 99 12:06:51 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA33002; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 16:12:48 GMT Received: from mail.rivnet.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id LAA33079; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 11:12:41 -0500 (EST) Received: from [205.130.32.206] (unverified [205.130.32.206]) by mail.rivnet.net (EMWAC SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id ; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 11:10:30 -0500 Message-ID: X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express for Macintosh - 4.01 (297) Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 11:13:39 -0500 Subject: Candidates for Endangered Species List From: "Judith Lang & Lynton Land" To: "Coral-List" Mime-version: 1.0 X-Priority: 3 Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 72 Re: the message from CORALations: In fact an ecosystem approach to species conservation has been our theoretical underpinning since about 20 years ago when the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Fishery Management Councils collaborated on a Fishery Management Plan for Coral and Coral Reefs. The "management unit" here was defined as being composed of about 400 species of fire corals, soft corals, gorgonians, black corals and stony corals. At the time, declaring that its maximum sustainable yield was "incalculable", and that its principal value was in "nonconsumptive uses" certainly was an unusual approach to fishery management! By and large "management for conservation" is working at what is now the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (where, incidentally, all types of fishing except with hook-and-lines has also been prohibited since 1992). Stony corals have shown no significant changes in cover, species diversity, species evenness or growth rates since the early 1970's, despite their location near active petroleum platforms in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico [see review of SR Gittings, TJ Bright and DK Hagman, 1994, pp. 181-187 in RN Ginsburg, (compiler), Proc. Colloquium on Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards and History]. Sadly, the subsequent history of many reefs in the Florida Keys, where both natural and anthropogenic stresses are considerably greater than 200 km offshore Texas, has been less fortunate. Hence, it seems to me that we should continue to CREATIVELY invoke all available legal options --including the endangered species act, with its provisions for habitat acquisition/protection/restoration --as surely, in the long run, that will only help conserve coral reefs and associated ecosystems. Judy Lang >From: "CORALations" >To: "Coral-List" >Subject: Re: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List >Date: Mon, Feb 22, 1999, 8:58 AM > >Based on what we know about the interconnectedness of species in such an >ecosystem, how can we still be selecting individual species for protection >and ignoring others...For example..saying Acropora would qualify as >endangered due to declines throughout the Caribbean does not provide >sollutions for impacts to other species of coral that result from this >decline. Could reef scientists possibly make rational arguments for >considering the entire ecosystem as endangered ...including commercially >valuable fish and shellfish which play a role in nutrient distribution and >recycling etc.? >It seems that the way these systems have evolved is more complicated than >mere % distributions of individual species and if we are going to spend >time and energy trying to protect them could we possibly shoot for a >legislative solution which effectively recognizes this? >I have concerns about scientists becoming too conservative in the manner in >which they convey impacts to the reef in an effort to propell small, less >constroversial solutions to society when these solutions may simply not be >effective. Look how we've bungled and continue to bungle marine fishery >legislation in order to propell small paletable bits of legislation often >too little, too late...rarely complied to or enforced. > >"The problems we have today, will not be solved by thinking the way we >thought when we created them".... Albert Einstein >---------- From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 22 22:37:39 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id WAA17356; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 22:37:37 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA20344; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 22:40:16 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma020324; Mon, 22 Feb 99 22:39:54 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id CAA35899; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 02:31:46 GMT Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id VAA35928; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 21:31:37 -0500 (EST) Received: from rcz057.ust.hk ([143.89.113.237]:1047 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <626616-27652>; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 10:28:13 +0800 Message-ID: <36D2127E.B0726A6B@ust.hk> Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 10:29:18 +0800 From: Reef Check X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: reefchck@ust.hk Subject: Reef Check Update Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 73 Reef Check Update February 19, 1999 Happy Year of the Rabbit!! IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR COORDINATORS INCLUDED HERE Reef Check 1999 is well underway, with surveys already completed in various locations around the world. In several areas, Reef Check has now become an integrated part of multi-level, long-term monitoring programs. There are about 140 countries/territories where we hope to establish Reef Check operations. We are expecting major growth in 1999. The new leadership of the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) under the direction of Bernard Salvat, has done a tremendous job of coordinating efforts to systematically round up funding for GCRMN/Reef Check. The next ICRI planning meeting will be held in Paris in March. As more funding becomes available, we will be looking to support more groups. We now have a new website address - please update your bookmarks. Detailed news is given below. New Website address. We have purchased the rights to the website:  HYPERLINK http://www.ReefCheck.org http://www.ReefCheck.org This site name was activated on February 14, 1999 so please update your bookmarks. The old site name is still active, however, it will be phased out. We are continually working to improve the website and a few minor changes are still underway. Suggestions are always welcome. Website revision: The content of the website has been under revision since January. Most changes are clarifications. A significant change will be the addition of instructions on how to use Reef Check for long-term monitoring. Another change is that Reef Check has now become a continuous activity - however, there will be a cut-off date for submission of results for 1999 to be included in our annual Summary Report and Press Conference. The changes will be listed on the "What's new?" page. Help with translations: Our website is available in Japanese and German, thanks to the hard work of Reef Check Coordinators in those countries. We would like to have other languages available, especially French and Spanish. If you are willing to help but short on time, a translation of just the home page would be a great start. Anyone willing to volunteer to translate the pages, please contact us 1997 results in press We are pleased to report that the results of the first global coral reef survey in 1997 are in press in Marine Pollution Bulletin and should be out soon. A big thanks to all who helped collaborate on that pioneering effort! GCRMN/Reef Check Collaboration We are aware that there has been some confusion regarding GCRMN and Reef Check. Please be aware that GCRMN and Reef Check are officially linked together, and increasing effort is being placed on collaboration in our coordinator network, training, and surveys. But for a variety of reasons, particularly funding and administration, it is important they remain separate entities. Both GCRMN and Reef Check are PROGRAMS with the shared goals of increasing the awareness of everyone about the value of coral reefs, threats to their health and solutions. GCRMN is funded through UN agencies and governments, and is meant to work primarily with governments through "official" channels. Reef Check, is a university based operation, and is focused on working with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). While GCRMN is directly coordinating with government agencies, Reef Check prefers local NGOs to provide the linkages with government agencies as needed. Some of the confusion stems from terminology with methods. GCRMN is a broader program than Reef Check, and it is designed to support all types of monitoring. GCRMN is also more democratic than Reef Check and is able to support various different methods for different purposes. Reef Check has only one set of core methods because one goal is to ensure national, regional and global comparability. It was recognised early on by GCRMN that the Reef Check methods were particularly valuable for two applications: to get new groups started in the reef monitoring business (scientists, government staff or NGOs) whether in developed or developing countries; to get community-based groups (non-scientists) involved in reef monitoring (e.g. local recreational divers, tourists, village fishermen). Based on this, and the large Reef Check network already in operation, in 1998 the GCRMN STAC officially approved the use of Reef Check methods as the main GCRMN methods for community-based monitoring. In this respect, the Reef Check program is performing a service for GCRMN. Therefore, all future GCRMN training programs aimed at either a) or b) above, will include Reef Check methods. For groups which need/desire training in more taxonomically detailed methods, advanced training supported by GCRMN will be carried out using a subset of English et al (A Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources) and other methods. If you are still confused - please feel free to contact either Clive Wilkinson or Gregor Hodgson for clarification. 4) Special Monitoring Session, Meeting, Training: NCRI Symposium April 14-16, 1999 Special Session: A special monitoring session including presentations by GCRMN and Reef Check coordinators will take place at the coral reef symposium held at the new National Coral Reef Institute in Ft. Lauderdale April 14-16, 1999. The slots are now all filled, but we encourage all those interested in monitoring to attend this half-day session. Meeting: GCRMN/Reef Check status meeting is tentatively scheduled for after the regular presentations on Wednesday night 14 April. Mark your calendars. Reef Check Training: Ben Haskell, Bill Tyler and Alex Stone are organizing a one day post-symposium training session on Saturday 17 April. More details in next update. Indonesia: Coremap and Bali 2000 Coremap, a very large coral reef management project has started in Indonesia. We are very pleased that Coremap has adopted Reef Check as one of its training methods for community-based monitoring. The next International Coral Reef Symposium will be held in Bali, in October 2000. As part of this event, we will be holding an Indonesia-wide Reef Check prior to the symposium. All of you are invited to participate in this event, which should prove to be a lot of fun and very informative. The results of the survey will be presented at the symposium. Philippines: US AID Coastal Resources Management Project Several large monitoring and management programs have recognized the usefulness of Reef Check and have adopted it. One of these projects is the US AID Coastal Resources Management Project, based in Cebu, but carried out nationally. One of the goals of this project is to develop a national monitoring protocol. Andre Jon Uychiaoco has taken on this task. We are grateful to Alan White, Michael Ross and Katherine Courtney for choosing Reef Check to be part of their monitoring program. Training A UNEP/Japan sponsored monitoring training will be held in mid-March at the Nha Trang Institute of Oceanography. Vo Si Tuan will lead the training for scientists from Myanmar, Cambodia, China and Vietnam. The training will start with Reef Check and continue on to high resolution GCRMN methods. AIMS scientists will also be part of the training team. Funding Philosophy: Reef Check is fundamentally based on volunteers, however, there will always be a need for funds to pay for activities, and sponsorship is required initially to get the ball rolling. Over the long term, we hope that a combination of private and government co-financing as well as self-financing mechanisms will pay for Reef Check activities. (We are looking for an MBA student to look carry out research on long-term financing options.) We are actively soliciting financial support on a regional and global scale. If you would like to work with us to develop proposals in your area, please let us know. Grants received: Grants totalling more than US$100,000 have recently been received from CORAL and MacArthur Foundation. We are grateful for this support. ICRAN: ICLARM's John McManus has recently had the initial funding approved for ICRAN, a precursor of a large coral reef monitoring and management package that includes GCRMN/Reef Check. We thank John for doing the hard work to get this off the ground. World Bank: GCRMN/Reef Check are working with World Bank on a number of proposals for national, regional and global programs. 8) Pacific Islands SPREP: The South Pacific Regional Environmental Program has been extremely helpful in offering to collaborate with training and implementation of monitoring work in the Pacific Islands. SPREP has been carrying out a series of training programs over the past several years. We look forward to working with SPREP and sharing the work and coordinators. Thanks to James Aston for his knowledgeable assistance. PNG: Norman Quinn has volunteered for the PNG coordinator position and will be leading training programs at UPNG and in New Britain. -- Keith Kei Assistant Coordinator Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development Applied Technology Centre Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clearwater Bay Kowloon HONG KONG Tel: (852) 2358-6907 Fax: (852) 2358-1334 e-mail: reefchck@ust.hk web site: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 22 10:25:22 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA05413; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 10:25:21 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA28490; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 10:27:59 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma028422; Mon, 22 Feb 99 10:27:15 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA31984; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 14:02:57 GMT Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id JAA29614; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 09:02:51 -0500 (EST) Received: from default (ppp170.197dip.netdial.caribe.net [209.91.197.170]) by mail.caribe.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with ESMTP id KAA02731 for ; Mon, 22 Feb 1999 10:03:48 -0400 (AST) Message-Id: <199902221403.KAA02731@mail.caribe.net> From: "CORALations" To: "Coral-List" Subject: Re: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 09:58:48 -0400 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 74 Based on what we know about the interconnectedness of species in such an ecosystem, how can we still be selecting individual species for protection and ignoring others...For example..saying Acropora would qualify as endangered due to declines throughout the Caribbean does not provide sollutions for impacts to other species of coral that result from this decline. Could reef scientists possibly make rational arguments for considering the entire ecosystem as endangered ...including commercially valuable fish and shellfish which play a role in nutrient distribution and recycling etc.? It seems that the way these systems have evolved is more complicated than mere % distributions of individual species and if we are going to spend time and energy trying to protect them could we possibly shoot for a legislative solution which effectively recognizes this? I have concerns about scientists becoming too conservative in the manner in which they convey impacts to the reef in an effort to propell small, less constroversial solutions to society when these solutions may simply not be effective. Look how we've bungled and continue to bungle marine fishery legislation in order to propell small paletable bits of legislation often too little, too late...rarely complied to or enforced. "The problems we have today, will not be solved by thinking the way we thought when we created them".... Albert Einstein ---------- > From: Bob Steneck > To: Tom Hourigan ; Coral List > Subject: Re: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List > Date: Saturday, February 20, 1999 1:46 PM > > Dear Tom, > > It seems to me that the Acropora decline throughout the Caribbean may > qualify that genus and all of its species to endangered status. I have > seen some recent declines in Porites and to a lesser extent Dichocoenia > but some of the other species you have listed I do not think qualify. > Most notably is Dendrogyra cylindricus. While I know of no region or > reef in the Caribbean where it has ever been abundant, it is remarkably > common. Most reefs have a little of that species and most areas I've > worked throughout the Bahamas, eastern and western Caribbean seem to have > healthy colonies. I suspect you do not want a list of corals that happen > to have always had low abundance. > > It will be relatively easy to query the Atlantic and Gulf Reefs Rapid > Assessment data sets to see if higher than average mortality rates are > showing up for the species you list below (see: > http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/agra/agra1.html). In April many of us will be > assembling in Fort Lauderdale to present data on the condition of > Caribbean reefs, perhaps you could get a consensus of opinions at that > time (see: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/cfp_1.html). > > Good luck in your efforts. > > Bob Steneck > > > >We have also examined several other western Atlantic coral species that might > >merit inclusion as Candidate species. They were not included in the Federal > >Register Notice since the information available was incomplete. They > >include: > > > >Acropora prolifera > >Dendrogyra cylindricus - pillar coral > >Dichocoenia stokessi > >Oculina varicosa > > > >Other species, such as the Porites porites complex, P. astreoides, the > >Montastraea annularis complex, M. cavernosa, Diploria strigosa, D. > >clivosa, and > >D. labyrinthiformis appear to have undergone some declines at certain > >sites, but > >do not appear as threatened as the Acropora spp, at this time. > > > ---------------------------- > Robert S. Steneck, Ph.D. > Professor, School of Marine Sciences > University of Maine > Darling Marine Center > Walpole, ME 04573 > 207 - 563 - 3146 ext. 233 > e-mail: Steneck@Maine.EDU > > The School of Marine Sciences Web site: > http://www.ume.maine.edu/~marine/marine.html > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 23 09:05:51 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id JAA22012; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 09:05:48 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA07934; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 09:08:53 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma007851; Tue, 23 Feb 99 09:08:00 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id NAA37588; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 13:00:49 GMT Received: from relay.kacst.edu.sa by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id IAA37490; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 08:00:35 -0500 (EST) Received: from ns1.kfupm.edu.sa (ns1.kfupm.edu.sa [198.77.102.26]) by relay.kacst.edu.sa (8.9.1/8.9.1) with ESMTP id PAA03266 for ; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 15:46:15 -0300 (GMT) Received: from dpc111.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (dpc111.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa [196.15.32.11]) by ns1.kfupm.edu.sa (8.9.0/8.9.0) with ESMTP id OAA176498 for ; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:48:24 +0300 Received: from dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa [196.15.32.8]) by dpc111.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id PAA12384 for ; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 15:05:02 +0300 Received: from yusef ([196.15.34.83]) by dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (8.9.2/8.9.2) with ESMTP id PAA57374 for ; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 15:09:31 +0300 Message-ID: <36D2988A.1913CB8B@kfupm.edu.sa> Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 15:01:14 +0300 From: Yusef Fadlalla X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (WinNT; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Coral-List Subject: Red Sea-Reef Status X-Priority: 3 (Normal) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by coral.aoml.noaa.gov id NAA37588 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id JAA22012 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 75 A one page report on the status of coral reef surveys on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia is posted at: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bulls/red-sea.html. Fringing coastal and offshore reefs in Rabigh (22°N, central Red Sea) were devastated by recent bleaching and subsequent mortality of soft and hard corals during the summer and fall of 1998. In the south, at Jizan (16°N) where nearshore coastal areas are dominated by mudflats and mangroves, intensive trawling and fishing activities in recent years, apparently have resutled in catastrophic destruction of offshore reef corals. Yusef Fadlallah Center for Environment and Water KFUPM Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia Offshore reefs in the south were apparently destroyed by intensive trawling activities in recent years. The nearshore coastline in the south is dominated by mudflats and mangroves. Surveys in both locations covered 50-75 km of latitude distance. Yusef Fadlallah Center for Environment and Water Research Institute - King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 23 10:58:12 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA25157; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 10:58:11 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA18005; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 11:01:19 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma017952; Tue, 23 Feb 99 11:01:05 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA39281; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:54:05 GMT Message-Id: <199902231454.OAA39281@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: 23 Feb 1999 09:20:48 -0500 From: "Dyoulgerov, Milen" Subject: request for assistance To: "coral-list" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 76 Dear Coral List Members, I am writing to request information on ship groundings and/or ship = anchorings that have damaged coral reefs anywhere in the world. I am = requesting this information as justification for a proposal to uniformly = depict coral reefs, and possibly marine protected areas, on navigational = charts. My office, the International Program Office of the National Ocean Service = of NOAA, is preparing a proposal to the International Hydrographic = Organization for the adoption of a specification requiring uniform = mandatory depiction of coral reefs and, possibly marine protected areas. = In order to build a large support base for the proposal we hope to be = able to present as many examples as possible from the Caribbean region = (outside of the US) of coral reef damage due to ship groundings/salvage = and ship anchoring. Examples from other parts of the world will also be = most helpful. The basic data that we need is some or all of the following: - place/time of the incidents, - name/size of the ship (if available), - area/extend of the damage (anecdotal or, even better, environmental and = economic assessment), and - remarks on the causes of the incidents. At the end of this message I am attaching an example of data on ship = anchoring that we have obtained for the U.S. I will be very grateful for = whatever elements of similar data that you can forward to me. Thank you very much for your assistance, Milen Dyoulgerov Marine Affairs Specialist International Program Office National Ocean Service --------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Vessel Type Anchoring Site Remarks 1994 MANA Panamanian West FG Bank Reef or protected area Freighter nodule terrace not indicated on chart --------------------------------------------------------------------------= ------------------------------ From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 23 11:28:33 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA25697; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 11:28:29 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA21454; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 11:31:37 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma021396; Tue, 23 Feb 99 11:31:20 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA39166; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:48:59 GMT Message-Id: <199902231448.OAA39166@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 11:02:24 -0500 (EST) From: Sean Lyman To: CORALations cc: Coral-List Subject: Re: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 77 Good morning: The CORALations folks bring up a good point about classification of the entire coral reef system as endangered, but I think it's a mistake to so quickly dismiss listing of a single species. I do not disagree with their points, but I do think that listing and protection of a single species can be useful. Doing what is necessary to protect a single species (or genus) or coral is going to have a positive effect on the entire system, something I've heard referred to as an "umbrella" of protection. The Endangered Species Act in the US certainly has problems, but the listing and protection of charismatic megafauna has often had trickle-down effects on equally-endangered ecosystems in which they live. I think that we are a long way from the political power to implement an endangered communities act, and therefore should not be shy about using the tools at our disposal. Declaring Acropora as endangered will increase awareness about the decline of the coral reef ecosystems, and steps taken to protect Acropora will most likely benefit at least other corals and at best the entire system. Cheers, Sean ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Sean J. Lyman Duke University Marine Laboratory sjl3@duke.edu 135 Duke Marine Lab Road sean.lyman@duke.edu Beaufort, NC 28516 USA Phone: (252) 504-7565 Fax: (252) 504-7648 From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 23 12:37:24 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA27413; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 12:37:22 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA28050; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 12:40:30 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma028007; Tue, 23 Feb 99 12:39:46 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA39936; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 16:33:51 GMT Received: from linus.ngs.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id LAA39006; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 11:33:43 -0500 (EST) Received: from ocean.nos.noaa.gov (ocean.nos.noaa.gov [140.90.168.102]) by linus.ngs.noaa.gov (8.8.6 (PHNE_17135)/8.8.6) with SMTP id LAA10448; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 11:26:13 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Date: 23 Feb 1999 11:32:39 -0500 From: "Causey, B." Subject: RE: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List To: "CORALations" , "Sean Lyman" Cc: "Coral-List" X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP for Quarterdeck Mail; Version 4.1.0 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id MAA27413 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 78 Some food for thought: Although I am supportive of listing Acropora spp for all the reasons that have been discussed over the past week or so, I too have some comments. The only reason I mention this here is that a few of the comments such as the one from Sean raise some good points about a community approach to protection. Due to the wide range of threats and many issues facing South Florida, EPA and the USFWS have been developing a Multi-species Recovery Plan instead of using the ESA in a species by species approach. We have in the neighborhood of 82 species of threatened or endangered species and the USFWS has produced a draft plan to comprehensively look at the problems. I agree that we should move forward with this listing of Acropora spp to heighten the protection, thus the awareness that there is a serious problem throughout the range of this genus in the Atlantic and Caribbean, but realize that a long-range goal of a multi=species approach should be kept in mind. Cheers, Billy Causey ________________________________________________________ Cc: Coral-List From: Sean Lyman on Tue, Feb 23, 1999 10:46 AM Subject: Re: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List RFC Header:Received: by ocean.nos.noaa.gov with ADMIN;23 Feb 1999 10:46:00 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA39166; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:48:59 GMT Message-Id: <199902231448.OAA39166@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 11:02:24 -0500 (EST) From: Sean Lyman To: CORALations cc: Coral-List Subject: Re: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Good morning: The CORALations folks bring up a good point about classification of the entire coral reef system as endangered, but I think it's a mistake to so quickly dismiss listing of a single species. I do not disagree with their points, but I do think that listing and protection of a single species can be useful. Doing what is necessary to protect a single species (or genus) or coral is going to have a positive effect on the entire system, something I've heard referred to as an "umbrella" of protection. The Endangered Species Act in the US certainly has problems, but the listing and protection of charismatic megafauna has often had trickle-down effects on equally-endangered ecosystems in which they live. I think that we are a long way from the political power to implement an endangered communities act, and therefore should not be shy about using the tools at our disposal. Declaring Acropora as endangered will increase awareness about the decline of the coral reef ecosystems, and steps taken to protect Acropora will most likely benefit at least other corals and at best the entire system. Cheers, Sean ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Sean J. Lyman Duke University Marine Laboratory sjl3@duke.edu 135 Duke Marine Lab Road sean.lyman@duke.edu Beaufort, NC 28516 USA Phone: (252) 504-7565 Fax: (252) 504-7648 From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 23 14:48:41 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA29763; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:48:37 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA11590; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:51:44 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma011522; Tue, 23 Feb 99 14:51:18 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA40777; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 18:56:15 GMT Received: from post.mail.demon.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id NAA39661; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 13:56:09 -0500 (EST) Received: from [158.152.27.181] (helo=coralcay.demon.co.uk) by post.mail.demon.net with esmtp (Exim 2.12 #1) id 10FMyT-0002Ea-00; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 18:54:29 +0000 Received: from coralcay.demon.co.uk (dhcp3.coralcay.demon.co.uk [192.168.70.33]) by coralcay.demon.co.uk (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id SAA00877; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 18:54:28 GMT Message-ID: <36D2FB7B.A0B9774D@coralcay.demon.co.uk> Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 19:03:25 +0000 From: Coral Cay Conservation Organization: CCC X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win95; I) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Coral list CC: Heather Hall Subject: Commercial sponges Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Coral Cay Conservation Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 79 Dear coral-listers, Dr Heather Hall (London Zoo) urgently needs a photograph of a commercially harvested sponge (either Spongia officinalis, Spongis germanica or Hippospongia lachne) in its natural environment. The photograph is required for a new educational exhibit at the zoo. Any photograph would be fully credited. Please note that anyone who can help should contact Heather directly at h.hall@ucl.ac.uk. Thanks, Alastair Harborne. -- Coral Cay Conservation. 154 Clapham Park Road, London, SW4 7DE, UK Tel: +44-(0)171-498-6248 Fax: +44-(0)171-498-8447 WWW: http://www.coralcay.org/ "Providing resources to help sustain livelihoods and alleviate poverty through the protection, restoration and management of coral reefs and tropical forests." From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 23 14:57:10 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA00069; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:57:08 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA12262; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:59:58 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma012252; Tue, 23 Feb 99 14:59:35 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id TAA40912; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 19:01:24 GMT Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id OAA40870; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:01:07 -0500 (EST) Received: from default (ppp83.201dip.netdial.caribe.net [209.91.201.83]) by mail.caribe.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with ESMTP id PAA25494 for ; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 15:02:06 -0400 (AST) Message-Id: <199902231902.PAA25494@mail.caribe.net> From: "CORALations" To: "Coral-List" Subject: Fw: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:52:01 -0400 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "CORALations" X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by coral.aoml.noaa.gov id TAA40912 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id OAA00069 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 80 Dear Dr. Precht: I apologize to you and others on the list if what I wrote was not clear...I did not mean in any way to imply that we should abandon the endangered species act or any other legal avenue of protection people have struggled for years to establish in order to embrace what you described as a "shot gun" approach to coral reef conservation. Further, when I was referring to the interconnectedness of species in such an ecosystem I was not only referring to other coral species, but other reef associated species of plants and animals. The point on which I was trying generate a professional discussion stems from ever increasing frustrations in finding "real time" solutions to coral reef conservation problems. I posed the question...could another more holistic approach to reef conservation legislation be argued at this time.......based on what scientists have documented about the interdependence or interconnectedness of species within this ecosystem? Am I correct in interpreting your response to this question as "no" when you wrote: "Well, I think the data tend to argue against these systems being interconnected (i.e. tightly integrated) " By systems, do you mean species within the system? If I am interpreting this correctly, it contradicts what I understand about the co-evolution of species within ecosystems and the importance of conserving species biodiversity. This is of concern to me since this is what I attempt to convey as a "grass roots" educator to the general public about reef systems. Please clarify if I am misinterpreting your comment...it may well have been meant only in relation to Acropora and the lack of data supporting any connection between the decline of other coral species in relation to Acropora declines. Any information you, or anyone on the list can send, is always greatly appreciated. Thanks to the Langs who wrote: "In fact an ecosystem approach to species conservation has been our theoretical underpinning since about 20 years ago when the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Fishery Management Councils collaborated on a Fishery Management Plan for Coral and Coral Reefs. The "management unit" here was defined as being composed of about 400 species of fire corals, soft corals, gorgonians, black corals and stony corals. At the time, declaring that its maximum sustainable yield was "incalculable", and that its principal value was in "nonconsumptive uses" certainly was an unusual approach to fishery management!" I had no idea this approach was being taken with any FMP......let alone 20 years ago and plead ignorant! Dr. Precht also wrote: "Although I am in agreement with you that both corals and coral reefs need vigilant protection because they are all at some level of risk, especially at the hands of man coupled with natural disturbances". I believe we should, in the face of what may be considered time constraints on the survival of this ecosystem, carefully scrutinize past conservation management failures and keep our minds open to innovative and more aggressive practices. Please don’t think this statement reflects ignorance about social pressures which govern reef and fish legislation, however, these comments come from Puerto Rico where fishermen from the municipal island of Culebra have been requesting the government establish a Marine Fishery Reserve since 1980 and although final legislation has been drafted for over a year and a half...still awaits final approval from the local government. If the cost to society is the entire ecosystem...maybe we could justify the discussion of more aggressive or comprehensive management strategies? I have trouble defining the pursuit of any legislative action as being "a shot gun approach" as you stated. Legislative channels often take time and are open for meaningful public participation in the form of public hearings etc...........at least they are where you live. Indeed, the broad definition given to coral reef ecosystem in Clinton’s executive order 13089, must be at least some cause for concern to the many "hired gun" consultants whose job it appears is to protect big business and government from the added expense of functioning in an environmentally responsible manner. We should, however, pay close attention and note if even this broad definition given to coral reef ecosystems can effectively be used to contribute to the conservation of these marine systems? For example, much of the money or re-allocation of federal funds associated with this executive order is being focused on mapping and monitoring. Should we be concerned that 20 years from now, scientist may be reviewing what may then be historic information of where the living reefs once were? Should we be concerned that in 20 years scientists may be discussing how hard they "tried" to conserve these systems through the rationalization that the first step must be lengthy mapping and monitoring? Will there be any satisfaction in clearly and empirically demonstrating that these systems were in fact destroyed by multiple anthropogenic stressors ? Do current approaches to coral reef conservation management and associated fund allocation warrant closer evaluation with respect to their potential effective contribution toward meeting conservation related objectives given the rate of system degradation? Could not this money be better spent addressing, for example, more controversial water quality issues? Sincerely, Mary Ann Lucking Project Coordinator CORALations Amapola 14, Suite 901 Isla Verde, PR 00979 787-791-7372 corals@caribe.net > From: Precht,Bill > To: corals@caribe.net > Subject: FW: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List > Date: Monday, February 22, 1999 3:20 PM > > > CORALations: > > > I read with great interest your note to Tom H. regarding the inclusion of > > Acropora and exclusion of other coral species on the E&T Species list. > > > > You state "based on what we know about the interconnectedness of species > > in such an ecosystem" that we need to look at more than just the > > acroporids, even at the ecosystem as a whole. > > > > Well, I think the data tend to argue against these systems being > > interconnected (i.e. tightly integrated) - > > > > The Caribbean wide demise of acroporids over the last two decades has not > > been related to the collapse of other coral species. In cases where other > > corals have declined, it has been for other reasons not related to the > > mortality of the acroporids (white-band disease epizootic and related > > necrosis). The data clearly show the acroporids to be at risk. This is > > not so for all coral species in the Caribbean/western Atlantic. The > > reproductive strategy (poor sexual recruitment success) will not help the > > acroporids recover anytime soon. > > > > I believe it is > > not prudent or a best management practice to use your shotgun approach > > listing the whole ecosystem as endangered. Local extirpation of the > > acroporids has already occurred in some populations and there is a serious > > risk that in the face of continuing disturbances that we may lose the > > whole lot. I would love to discuss this in greater detail if you would > > like. I will send you a copy of some recent publications that I hope you > > may find interesting.... > > > Sincerely yours, > > > Bill > > > > William F. Precht > > Natural Resources Manager > > LAW Engineering & Environmental Services, Inc. > > 5845 NW 158th Street > > Miami Lakes, FL 33014 > > ph (305) 826-5588 x206 > > fax (305) 826-1799 > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: CORALations [SMTP:corals@caribe.net] > > Sent: Monday, February 22, 1999 8:59 AM > > To: Coral-List > > Subject: Re: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List > > > > Based on what we know about the interconnectedness of species in such an > > ecosystem, how can we still be selecting individual species for protection > > and ignoring others...For example..saying Acropora would qualify as > > endangered due to declines throughout the Caribbean does not provide > > sollutions for impacts to other species of coral that result from this > > decline. Could reef scientists possibly make rational arguments for > > considering the entire ecosystem as endangered ...including commercially > > valuable fish and shellfish which play a role in nutrient distribution and > > recycling etc.? > > It seems that the way these systems have evolved is more complicated than > > mere % distributions of individual species and if we are going to spend > > time and energy trying to protect them could we possibly shoot for a > > legislative solution which effectively recognizes this? > > I have concerns about scientists becoming too conservative in the manner > > in > > which they convey impacts to the reef in an effort to propell small, less > > constroversial solutions to society when these solutions may simply not be > > effective. Look how we've bungled and continue to bungle marine fishery > > legislation in order to propell small paletable bits of legislation often > > too little, too late...rarely complied to or enforced. > > > > "The problems we have today, will not be solved by thinking the way we > > thought when we created them".... Albert Einstein > > ---------- > > > From: Bob Steneck > > > To: Tom Hourigan ; Coral List > > > > > Subject: Re: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List > > > Date: Saturday, February 20, 1999 1:46 PM > > > > > > Dear Tom, > > > > > > It seems to me that the Acropora decline throughout the Caribbean may > > > qualify that genus and all of its species to endangered status. I have > > > seen some recent declines in Porites and to a lesser extent Dichocoenia > > > but some of the other species you have listed I do not think qualify. > > > Most notably is Dendrogyra cylindricus. While I know of no region or > > > reef in the Caribbean where it has ever been abundant, it is remarkably > > > common. Most reefs have a little of that species and most areas I've > > > worked throughout the Bahamas, eastern and western Caribbean seem to > > have > > > > > healthy colonies. I suspect you do not want a list of corals that > > happen > > > > > to have always had low abundance. > > > > > > It will be relatively easy to query the Atlantic and Gulf Reefs Rapid > > > Assessment data sets to see if higher than average mortality rates are > > > showing up for the species you list below (see: > > > http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/agra/agra1.html). In April many of us will > > be > > > > > assembling in Fort Lauderdale to present data on the condition of > > > Caribbean reefs, perhaps you could get a consensus of opinions at that > > > time (see: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/cfp_1.html). > > > > > > Good luck in your efforts. > > > > > > Bob Steneck > > > > > > > > > >We have also examined several other western Atlantic coral species that > > might > > > >merit inclusion as Candidate species. They were not included in the > > Federal > > > >Register Notice since the information available was incomplete. They > > > >include: > > > > > > > >Acropora prolifera > > > >Dendrogyra cylindricus - pillar coral > > > >Dichocoenia stokessi > > > >Oculina varicosa > > > > > > > >Other species, such as the Porites porites complex, P. astreoides, the > > > >Montastraea annularis complex, M. cavernosa, Diploria strigosa, D. > > > >clivosa, and > > > >D. labyrinthiformis appear to have undergone some declines at certain > > > >sites, but > > > >do not appear as threatened as the Acropora spp, at this time. > > > > > > > > > ---------------------------- > > > Robert S. Steneck, Ph.D. > > > Professor, School of Marine Sciences > > > University of Maine > > > Darling Marine Center > > > Walpole, ME 04573 > > > 207 - 563 - 3146 ext. 233 > > > e-mail: Steneck@Maine.EDU > > > > > > The School of Marine Sciences Web site: > > > http://www.ume.maine.edu/~marine/marine.html > > > > > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 23 16:07:14 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id QAA03749; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 16:07:11 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA17589; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 16:10:00 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma017504; Tue, 23 Feb 99 16:09:02 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id UAA40213; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 20:01:56 GMT Received: from unit5. by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id PAA41367; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 15:01:34 -0500 (EST) Received: from fa17mr.co.broward.fl.us by unit1.co.broward.fl.us (AIX 4.1/UCB 5.64/4.03.09) id AA89912; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:25:24 -0500 Received: from MAN-Message_Server by CO.BROWARD.FL.US with Novell_GroupWise; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:59:34 -0500 Message-Id: X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1 Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:59:02 -0500 From: LOUIS FISHER To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Cc: emyers@co.broward.fl.us, jligas@co.broward.fl.us, kbanks@co.broward.fl.us, dodge@nsu.acast.nova.edu Subject: NCRI conference field trips Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Disposition: inline Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: LOUIS FISHER Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 81 To those list members who will attend the: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION in Fort Lauderdale, Florida April 14-16, 1999 Saturday, April 17th, from 1:00 - 5:00 p.m., Broward County (Florida) Department of Natural Resource Protection, a Conference co-sponsor, will also sponsor and administer a field trip to local coral reefs. Plans call for a trip on a 60-foot glass-bottom boat, the Pro-Diver II, docked at the Radisson Bahia Mar (conference site), with capabilities for SCUBA, snorkeling, or simply viewing through the vessel's glass bottom. Dive sites are to-be-announced. Possible sites that might be explored include a natural coral reef system, a reef restoration site, or an artificial reef site, all offshore Broward County. All divers need to provide their own personal gear. Availability is limited. To make arrangements, contact ProDive directly, John Hudson, 1-954-776-3483 (toll-free in the United States at 1-800-800-3483). Field Trip Prices are as follows: SCUBA: includes 2 tanks and weight belt rental (diver provides other gear or rental is available at a special 25% discount) PRICE: $45 SCUBA: diver provides all gear PRICE: $30 SNORKELING: diver provides all gear PRICE: $18 OBSERVER: PRICE: $11 From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 23 19:01:56 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id TAA05840; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 19:01:53 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA26724; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 19:04:43 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma026706; Tue, 23 Feb 99 19:03:44 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id XAA39841; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 23:05:10 GMT Message-Id: <199902232305.XAA39841@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 17:03:18 -0500 To: "coral-list" From: kenyon mobley Subject: ESA Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: kenyon mobley Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 82 Food (or fodder) for thought about the endangered species act vs. ecosystem approach. >>Published Saturday, February 20, 1999, in the Miami Herald >>------------------------------------------------------------ >> >>Scientists sound the alarm for rare, tiny marine critter >> >>Is there room for lowly, microscopic marine critters on the marquee list of >>America's endangered species, next to the popular manatees, Florida >>panthers and bald eagles? >> >>A coalition of scientists and conservationists is calling the question. >>They are asking the federal government to grant endangered species status >>to 11 species and a new genus of bryozoans found nowhere else but on a >>large sand bar off St. Lucie County. >> >>The marine animals are in immediate danger of extinction, their advocates >>say, because the Army Corps of Engineers plans to mine sand from Capron >>Shoal, where they live, to widen 2.3 miles of beach south of Fort Pierce >>Inlet. >> >>The $6.3 million project is expected to start late next week -- unless the >>National Marine Fisheries Service, which lists endangered marine plants and >>animals, steps in. >> >>The service must step carefully. Listing the bryozoans could have >>implications for other beach-building projects that Florida uses to pump up >>its prime tourist draws. >> >>But not considering them for protection might violate one of the nation's >>most important environmental laws, says attorney Eric Glitzenstein, who >>represents the bryozoans' advocates. >> >>Quoting the >>Endangered<< >>Species<< >>Act<<, he says: "From the >>narrowest point of view, it is in the best interest of mankind to minimize >>the losses of genetic variations. . . . They are potential resources. They >>are keys to puzzles which we cannot solve, and may provide answers to >>questions which we have not yet learned to ask. >> >>A bryozoan is a tiny, invertebrate marine animal that can live its entire >>life on a single grain of sand. >> >>Judith Winston, who co-discovered the Capron Shoal bryozoan colonies 14 >>years ago with a scientist from Denmark, argued in a letter to the >>fisheries service that the species will become extinct -- and with them the >>chemical secrets she says might help battle cancer. >> >>"These unique bryozoans belong to the same order taxonomically as the >>bryozoan species which is the source of a potent anti-cancer agent, >>Bryostatin 1, wrote Winston, the research director at the Virginia Museum >>of Natural History. "Bryostatin 1 derives from the bryozoan Bugula species >>. . . which is also present in the currently rich biotic community of >>Capron Shoal. >> >>"The medicinal properties of the newly discovered bryozoans have not yet >>been explored, and if the species do not receive emergency listing >>protection, the opportunity to conduct such research may be lost forever. >> >>There are about 5,000 species of bryozoans, whose name means "moss animals. >>In his book, Land From the Sea: The Geologic Story of South Florida, marine >>scientist John Edward Hoffmeister says bryozoans grow together to form >>knobby colonies that can be a foot or more in diameter. They are higher on >>the scale of life than corals, he says, but not anywhere near as pretty. >> >>Winston, fellow scientist Brian Killday, the St. Lucie County Audubon >>Society, the St. Lucie Waterfront Council and the St. Lucie County >>Conservation Alliance asked the fisheries service and its parent, the >>Department of Commerce, on Feb. 11 for the emergency listing for bryozoans. >> >>The listing would be temporary, lasting up to 240 days -- or long enough >>for the federal agency to determine whether or not the species warrant >>inclusion among 40 plants and animals listed by the fisheries service as >>endangered or threatened. The proposal asks that the corps not begin >>dredging until the service decides on the emergency listing request. >> >>Gordon Helm, service spokesman, said the agency was studying the request, >>which he described as difficult to evaluate given the size of the species >>in question and complications of searching for it on other shoals. >> >>The corps of engineers, meanwhile, overlooked the bryozoans entirely in its >>planning. Jacqueline Griffin, spokeswoman for the corps' Jacksonville >>district, said the agency had "no knowledge of the bryozoans when the >>project began. >> >>When scientists and conservationists pointed out the omission of the >>bryozoans, the agency responded: "The effect on these and other species >>inhabiting the shoal should be minimal. >> >>Winston says the corps' response rests on sheer speculation since >>scientific research has never been conducted to find these particular >>bryozoans on other shoals nearby. She has found them only on the shallowest >>part of Capron, where the corps plans to dredge. >> >>And fellow researcher Eckart Hakansson of Denmark has never seen those >>species in his work in the Caribbean, Philippines and Australia. >> >>"Whether or not bryozoans exist elsewhere . . . is an important question >>that must be answered before [the corps] begins dredging the only known >>habitat of these unique organisms, she wrote. >> >>Of course, many people scoff at the idea of holding up a >>multimillion-dollar beach-building project while scientists search for >>bryozoans, but ecologists who've dedicated their careers to preserving >>>>biodiversity<< say that the lowliest deserve protection. >> >>"Some of these tiny, unloved marine organisms are proving hugely important >>in the pharmaceutical industry for the compounds they're finding there, >>said Stuart Pimm, a prominent University of Tennessee scientist. >> >>"And that's only one reason to protect these animals. The other is that >>they're found only in one place. By that, they're telling us that something >>unique, special and wonderful is going on there. >> >> >>------------------------------------------------------------ >>NewsHound is a service of Knight Ridder. >>For more information, write to: speak@newshound.com >> >>This material is copyrighted and may not be republished without permission >>of the originating newspaper or wire service. >>------------------------------------------------------------ >> >> >>For more information, visit the NewsHound website at http://www.newshound.com >>or send an email to speak@hound.com. >> >> >> >>Defenders of Wildlife >>1101 14th St. NW, Suite 1400 >>Washington, DC 20005 >>(202)-682-9400 ext. 283 >>fax: (202)-682-1331 >>LHood@Defenders.org Kenyon B. Mobley Georgia Southern University Department of Biology Statesboro, GA 30460-8042 http://www.bio.gasou.edu/bio-home/GRADS/kenyonwebpage/kmhome.html Office (912) 681-5963 Fax: (912) 681-0845 From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 23 19:45:24 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id TAA06095; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 19:45:13 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA27854; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 19:48:03 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma027846; Tue, 23 Feb 99 19:47:51 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id XAA34575; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 23:53:15 GMT Received: from waquarium.waquarium.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id SAA42486; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 18:53:06 -0500 (EST) Received: from uu.waquarium.org (uu.waquarium.org [166.122.71.34]) by waquarium.waquarium.org (8.8.7/8.8.8) with SMTP id NAA21170; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 13:44:53 -1000 Message-ID: <005001be5f87$0c7265c0$22477aa6@uu.waquarium.org> From: "Bruce Carlson" To: "Sean Lyman" , "CORALations" Cc: "Coral-List" Subject: Re: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 13:48:38 -1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Bruce Carlson" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 83 I would like to note that several public aquariums are raising Acropora cervicornis in captivity with excellent results (the Florida Aquarium has some in their coral exhibit and it has grown considerably in the past year). I certainly hope that the means will be found to keep A. cervicornis and A. palmata alive and well in their natural environments, but if it really appears that they are heading towards extinction, it would probably be worthwhile for a few public aquariums to maintain some "genetic diversity" in aquariums, for possible reintroduction to the wild when conditions improve. Based on what we know about keeping Acropora spp. in aquariums, they could probably be maintained almost indefinitely, especially if enough institutions maintain them. We have considered this here in Hawaii to include A. cervicornis among our collection of Pacific acroporids, but we are very reluctant to bring in any Caribbean species that might accidentally also bring in a pathogen (if indeed that is what is causing the problem in the Caribbean). If public aquariums get involved, it will have to be those on the mainland U.S. Just an option for consideration, but a viable option nonetheless. Bruce Carlson Waikiki Aquarium -----Original Message----- From: Sean Lyman To: CORALations Cc: Coral-List Date: Tuesday, February 23, 1999 5:28 AM Subject: Re: Acropora spp. - Candidates for Endangered Species List >Good morning: > >The CORALations folks bring up a good point about classification of the >entire coral reef system as endangered, but I think it's a mistake to so >quickly dismiss listing of a single species. I do not disagree with >their points, but I do think that listing and protection of a single >species can be useful. > >Doing what is necessary to protect a single species (or genus) or coral >is going to have a positive effect on the entire system, something I've >heard referred to as an "umbrella" of protection. The Endangered Species >Act in the US certainly has problems, but the listing and protection of >charismatic megafauna has often had trickle-down effects on >equally-endangered ecosystems in which they live. > >I think that we are a long way from the political power to implement an >endangered communities act, and therefore should not be shy about using >the tools at our disposal. Declaring Acropora as endangered will >increase awareness about the decline of the coral reef ecosystems, and >steps taken to protect Acropora will most likely benefit at least other >corals and at best the entire system. > >Cheers, >Sean > >++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > >Sean J. Lyman >Duke University Marine Laboratory sjl3@duke.edu >135 Duke Marine Lab Road sean.lyman@duke.edu >Beaufort, NC 28516 USA > >Phone: (252) 504-7565 >Fax: (252) 504-7648 > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 23 22:02:53 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id WAA06878; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 22:02:25 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA04342; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 22:05:05 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma004295; Tue, 23 Feb 99 22:04:11 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id CAA43042; Wed, 24 Feb 1999 02:00:00 GMT Received: from mail.pixi.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id UAA42964; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 20:59:51 -0500 (EST) Received: from pholthus (adp8470-4-08.pixi.net [209.84.70.158]) by mail.pixi.com (8.8.5/8.8.5/PIXI-5.2) with SMTP id PAA11154 for ; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 15:58:04 -1000 (HST) Message-Id: <4.0.1.19990223155339.00dfbc90@mail.pixi.com> X-Sender: pholthus@mail.pixi.com X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.0.1 Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 15:56:58 -1000 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Paul Holthus Subject: Certification for Aquarium Industry: Internet Mtg Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Paul Holthus Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 84 Subject: MAC-MASNA Internet Meeting on Certification for the Aquarium Industry Dear Coral List; The Marine Aquarium Council (MAC) and the Marine Aquarium Societies of North America (MASNA) would like to invite you to participate in an Internet "Town Meeting" on certification for the marine aquarium industry. This will be held on Wednesday, 24 February 1998 beginning at 7:00 PM US Central Time. By way of background: Marine aquarium hobbyists are, of course, the driving force behind the marine aquarium industry and thus a key constituency in the MAC efforts to develop certification and labeling. MASNA is the umbrella organization for the aquarium hobbyist clubs in North America, which is the largest market for marine aquarium organisms. MASNA is on the Interim MAC Board of Directors and Dennis Gallagher, recent past president of MASNA, is their representative. MAC held a multi-stakeholders workshop on the development of certification and labeling in the Philippines in December 1998. Dennis participated in the workshop and made a presentation on the aquarium hobbyist's perspective. This was Dennis' first trip to the Philippines and he was able to visit a collecting area as well as several export facilities. MASNA has quickly become significantly involved in getting the word out about MAC to hobbyists. Dennis posted an article on his Philippine's trip on the MASNA site (www.masna.org) that generated considerable discussion amongst hobbyists. In order to respond to the interest and questions arising amongst the hobbyists, MASNA and Dennis have organized an Internet "Town Meeting" chat on MAC and certification. In keeping with the MAC transparent multi-stakeholder approach, we have a wide range of stakeholder input and perspectives available to the hobbyists at the "Town Meeting". A list of the proposed panelists and "perspective" areas for each is presented below. (Some may not be able to participate due to technical difficulties in connecting.) If you are interested in sitting in on the meeting, please take the time to visit the MAC website (www.aquariumcouncil.org) to ensure that you are familiar with the background to MAC and certification and visit the MASNA website (www.masna.org) to read Dennis' Philippines Trip Report. The announcement for the "Town Meeting" at www.masna.org will guide you to instructions for participating in the meeting. Please keep in mind that the objective of the Town Meeting is to generate awareness and understanding among the hobbyists of the difference perspectives on improving the quality and sustainability of the marine aquarium industry through certification and labeling. With best regards, Paul Holthus Director, MAC MASNA-MAC INTERNET "TOWN MEETING" Time: Wednesday, 24 February 1998; beginning at 7:00 PM US Central Time. Objective: Generate awareness and understanding among the hobbyists of the difference perspectives on improving the quality and sustainability of the marine aquarium industry through certification and labeling. Panel Topic: Developing Certification and Labeling for the Marine Aquarium Trade: Perspectives from the Industry and other Stakeholders Moderator: Dennis Gallagher, 1997-8 President, MASNA Proposed Panel: Paul Holthus, MAC: Standards, certification, and labeling Vaughan Pratt, Int'l Marinelife Alliance: Philippine collector's perspective Pete Basabe, Dive Hawaii: Hawaii collector's perspective Jaime Baquero, Ocean Voice Int'l: Community level perspective Lolita Ty, Aquascapes/Phil. Tropical Fish Export Ass'n: Philippine exporter's perspective Antonio (Toti) Turalba, Asian Marine Resource: Philippine exporter's perspective Phil Shane, Quality Marine: Importer/wholesaler's perspective Rick Oellers, Amer. Marinelife Dealers Ass'n: Retailer's perspective Charles Delbeek, Waikiki Aquarium: Public aquarium's perspective Mon Romero, World Wildlife Fund Philippines: Conservation organization's perspective Marea Hatziolos, World Bank: International institution's perspective Paul Holthus Executive Director Marine Aquarium Council 3035 Hibiscus Dr., Honolulu, Hawaii USA 96815 Phone: (+1 808) 923-3254 Fax: (+1 808) 923-6023 Email: paul.holthus@aquariumcouncil.org Website: www.aquariumcouncil.org From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Feb 24 09:19:12 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id JAA12438; Wed, 24 Feb 1999 09:19:05 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA21389; Wed, 24 Feb 1999 09:21:42 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma021368; Wed, 24 Feb 99 09:21:27 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id NAA44947; Wed, 24 Feb 1999 13:04:29 GMT Message-Id: <199902241304.NAA44947@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1999 16:50:39 +0800 From: "K. Soong" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: spawning Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "K. Soong" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 85 Dear Coral listers: Do you know which sex release gametes first in any broadcasting species? Or do you know any case of spawning induction by conspecifics in corals? Please help me by responding to my address. Thank you very much. Sincerely, Keryea Soong From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 25 17:11:07 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id RAA11211; Thu, 25 Feb 1999 17:11:04 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA12502; Thu, 25 Feb 1999 17:13:44 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma012481; Thu, 25 Feb 99 17:13:14 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id VAA55252; Thu, 25 Feb 1999 21:07:41 GMT Received: from mail.mia.bellsouth.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id QAA55378; Thu, 25 Feb 1999 16:07:35 -0500 (EST) Received: from desk2 (host-209-214-0-157.mia.bellsouth.net [209.214.0.157]) by mail.mia.bellsouth.net (8.8.8-spamdog/8.8.5) with SMTP id QAA15720 for ; Thu, 25 Feb 1999 16:05:43 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <36D5BAB3.972@bellsouth.net> Date: Thu, 25 Feb 1999 16:03:47 -0500 From: Reef Relief Organization: Reef Relief X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.04Gold (Win95; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: coral-list Subject: Acropora palmata discussions/coral nursery Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Reef Relief Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 86 Reef Relief has released the first year report on the Coral Nursery Project at Western Sambo Reef in the Florida Keys. The report outlines the efforts to stabilize loose fragments of Acropora plamata onto "Acropora rosettes", a design by restoration biologist Harold Hudson, in this cooperative project with the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Storm-damaged fragments of Acropora palmata were secured with hydraulic cement onto concrete landscaping pads. The effort was launched to save Acropora palmata that was becoming increasingly rare in Keys waters after substantial damage to populations at Western Sambo Reef as a result of the Ground Hog Day Storm of February 1998. The rosettes were not cemented down at first because the plan was to move them to a boat grounding site. As a result, they were damaged during Hurricane Georges but quickly re-established by a Reef Relief team led by Craig Quirolo. This time, they were cemented to the ocean floor and survived through Tropical Storm Mitch. Unfortunately, Acropora palmata colonies at Western Sambo, Rock Key and other Keys reefs suffered substantial losses as a result of these successive storms. REEF RELIEF recommends and encourages the inclusion of all corals in the Acropora genus found in the Caribbean Basin for further protection, including listing through the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The health and abundance of Palmata colonies we have photo-documented in Cuba, Jamaica, and Honduras are being compromised as well. For a copy of the 70-page color report, contact Reef Relief by e-mail, telephone (305) 294-3100, fax (305) 293-9515, or write P.O. Box 430, Key West, Fl. 33041. The report is available on our website, located at www.reefrelief.org. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 26 05:47:12 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id FAA14942; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 05:47:10 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA26997; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 05:50:22 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma026986; Fri, 26 Feb 99 05:49:47 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id KAA58591; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 10:07:06 GMT Date: Fri, 26 Feb 1999 10:07:06 GMT Message-Id: <199902261007.KAA58591@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: Walt Jaap STP To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Acropora spp., endangered Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Walt Jaap STP Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 87 [Moderator's note: this letter to Tom Hourigan from Walt Jaap was reprinted with permission from Walt for the purpose of encouraging discussion and contrasting or complementary viewpoints.] 22 February, 1999 Dr. Thomas F. Hourigan Marine Biodiversity Coordinator Office of Protected Resources, NOAAF/PR National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East-West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 tom.hourigan@noaa.gov Dear Dr. Hourigan: I am responding to your internet request about Acropora spp. and other Scleractinian species for inclusion as endangered or threatened species. We have encountered this option several times from different groups over the years; and have looked at the option to see if it was reasonable, possible, and would it do a better job protecting corals than the existing statutes and management regimes. We have concluded that it is not the best approach for several reasons. Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk throughout the Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between is costly, time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case. Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes and management regimes? I would like to think so. In Florida, we have a state statute that protects all Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and Gorgonia spp from harvest, being sold in a commercial establishment, and from destruction on the sea floor. This statute has been in effect since the mid 1970s. At the federal level the most extensive coral protection is found under the Magnuson Act: The Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Fisherie s Councils cosponsored the work that resulted in the Coral and Coral Reef Fishery Management Plan. This plan parallels the Florida statute, protecting the Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and Gorgonia spp. This management regime was recently incorporated into the Essential Fish Habitat Plan by the Fishery Management Councils. The Department of Interior manages two National Parks (Biscayne and Dry Tortugas) in which all corals are protected. The State of Florida and NOAA are the trustees of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary which includes all the reefs outside the National Park boundaries from Fowey Rocks to west of Dry Tortugas, again the regulations protect corals and reefs. When anthropogenic events occur, the trustees have successfully prosecuted responsible parties or have negotiated effective restoration and mon itoring plans on the sites. Settlements were in the range of millions of dollars. Would the endangered species act have provided immunity from these anthropogenic disturbances? I do not think it would have. Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching episodes, and global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts that the coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide more protection to the reef resources? I am skeptical that adding a few Scleractinia corals to the endangered and threatened species list would be of benefit. Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora palmata (Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and bust dynamics for quite some time. In 1882, Alexander Agassiz reported 44 hectares of A. palmata at Dry Tortugas. In 1982, Gary Davis reported that, A. palmata coverage declined to 0.6 hectares, ten years later we measured the remnant population and noted little change. The decline was probably caused by hurricanes and other meteorological phenomena. In retrospect, or as they claim hind sight is perfect, when the debate over the Everglades Park boundaries was first debated in the late 1940s, Gill Voss told me an initial proposal had all of the Florida Keys with the exception of Key West and Marathon included in Everglades National Park. Local politics prevailed and the end result is a highly urbanized Florida Keys in which the environmental quality has suffered from user abuse. Ah, if we could only go back in time and make it right. We recognize that your intentions are well meaning and appreciate your concern. We respectfully disagree that the corals mentioned in your communication should be considered for nomination as endangered or threatened species. We do not believe that any of the aforementioned taxa of corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened species. Since we have existing statutes and management regimes that are designed to protect corals and reefs, the proposed status would have little or no effect o n these resources. Sincerely Walter C. Jaap Associate Research Scientist Florida Marine Research Institute From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 26 05:47:12 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id FAA14942; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 05:47:10 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA26997; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 05:50:22 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma026986; Fri, 26 Feb 99 05:49:47 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id KAA58591; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 10:07:06 GMT Date: Fri, 26 Feb 1999 10:07:06 GMT Message-Id: <199902261007.KAA58591@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: Walt Jaap STP To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Acropora spp., endangered Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Walt Jaap STP Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 88 [Moderator's note: this letter to Tom Hourigan from Walt Jaap was reprinted with permission from Walt for the purpose of encouraging discussion and contrasting or complementary viewpoints.] 22 February, 1999 Dr. Thomas F. Hourigan Marine Biodiversity Coordinator Office of Protected Resources, NOAAF/PR National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East-West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 tom.hourigan@noaa.gov Dear Dr. Hourigan: I am responding to your internet request about Acropora spp. and other Scleractinian species for inclusion as endangered or threatened species. We have encountered this option several times from different groups over the years; and have looked at the option to see if it was reasonable, possible, and would it do a better job protecting corals than the existing statutes and management regimes. We have concluded that it is not the best approach for several reasons. Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk throughout the Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between is costly, time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case. Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes and management regimes? I would like to think so. In Florida, we have a state statute that protects all Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and Gorgonia spp from harvest, being sold in a commercial establishment, and from destruction on the sea floor. This statute has been in effect since the mid 1970s. At the federal level the most extensive coral protection is found under the Magnuson Act: The Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Fisherie s Councils cosponsored the work that resulted in the Coral and Coral Reef Fishery Management Plan. This plan parallels the Florida statute, protecting the Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and Gorgonia spp. This management regime was recently incorporated into the Essential Fish Habitat Plan by the Fishery Management Councils. The Department of Interior manages two National Parks (Biscayne and Dry Tortugas) in which all corals are protected. The State of Florida and NOAA are the trustees of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary which includes all the reefs outside the National Park boundaries from Fowey Rocks to west of Dry Tortugas, again the regulations protect corals and reefs. When anthropogenic events occur, the trustees have successfully prosecuted responsible parties or have negotiated effective restoration and mon itoring plans on the sites. Settlements were in the range of millions of dollars. Would the endangered species act have provided immunity from these anthropogenic disturbances? I do not think it would have. Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching episodes, and global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts that the coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide more protection to the reef resources? I am skeptical that adding a few Scleractinia corals to the endangered and threatened species list would be of benefit. Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora palmata (Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and bust dynamics for quite some time. In 1882, Alexander Agassiz reported 44 hectares of A. palmata at Dry Tortugas. In 1982, Gary Davis reported that, A. palmata coverage declined to 0.6 hectares, ten years later we measured the remnant population and noted little change. The decline was probably caused by hurricanes and other meteorological phenomena. In retrospect, or as they claim hind sight is perfect, when the debate over the Everglades Park boundaries was first debated in the late 1940s, Gill Voss told me an initial proposal had all of the Florida Keys with the exception of Key West and Marathon included in Everglades National Park. Local politics prevailed and the end result is a highly urbanized Florida Keys in which the environmental quality has suffered from user abuse. Ah, if we could only go back in time and make it right. We recognize that your intentions are well meaning and appreciate your concern. We respectfully disagree that the corals mentioned in your communication should be considered for nomination as endangered or threatened species. We do not believe that any of the aforementioned taxa of corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened species. Since we have existing statutes and management regimes that are designed to protect corals and reefs, the proposed status would have little or no effect o n these resources. Sincerely Walter C. Jaap Associate Research Scientist Florida Marine Research Institute From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 26 05:50:47 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id FAA14976; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 05:50:45 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA27028; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 05:53:25 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma027020; Fri, 26 Feb 99 05:52:42 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id KAA56134; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 10:01:10 GMT Message-Id: <199902261001.KAA56134@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: susan_white@mail.fws.gov Date: Thu, 25 Feb 1999 09:25:30 -0700 To: Subject: More on ESA candidate spp. Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: susan_white@mail.fws.gov Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 89 At the risk of beating a dead horse, may I add one more thought into the Endangered and Threatened Acropora 'listing' discussions.... Managing for E & T species, by law, is more than just the individual. The habitat that the species depends upon is a critical part of the protection. There are thousands of species (marine and terrestrial) that deserve listing because they are imperiled. Most of these species are imperiled because of anthropogenic factors, including loss of habitat or habitat degradation. With the current strong U.S. agency focus on ecosystem management -- as opposed to species management -- if a select few representative species are 'listed' and recovery actions are taken to protect the habitat and larger environment of those species; then all the other species within the habitat also benefit. That is why the concept of indicator and keystone species are so useful. It's a round about way of getting the whole system, and there are loopholes, but it can go a long way for establishing the imperiled status of the reefs. /s/ Susan _________________________________ Susan White Marine Resources Manager Florida Keys National Wildlife Refuges PO Box 430510 Big Pine Key, FL 33043 ph: 305.872.2239 fx: 305.872.3675 email: susan_white@fws.gov From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 26 13:28:51 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id NAA24293; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 13:28:47 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA25361; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 13:31:58 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma025343; Fri, 26 Feb 99 13:31:47 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA58023; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 16:24:00 GMT Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id LAA48970; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 11:23:47 -0500 (EST) Received: from default (ppp22.201dip.netdial.caribe.net [209.91.201.22]) by mail.caribe.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with ESMTP id MAA18722; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 12:24:30 -0400 (AST) Message-Id: <199902261624.MAA18722@mail.caribe.net> From: "CORALations" To: "Walt Jaap STP" , Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered Date: Fri, 26 Feb 1999 12:18:41 -0400 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "CORALations" X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by coral.aoml.noaa.gov id QAA58023 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id NAA24293 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 90 Dear Mr. Jaap: You wrote: " We do not believe that any of the aforementioned taxa of corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened species." Can someone discuss this criteria or possibly scan and post? How does this designation differ from appendix II listing? You wrote: "Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk throughout the Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between is costly, time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case." Does this mean there is no data backing compliance to ES criteria for the taxa listed? I was under the impression that this discussion originated based on evidence which suggests they fit the criteria. Are reefs considered “shared resources” in these regions with respect to such legislation? Would, for example, a disease diagnosed in one region resulting in extensive mortality of a species of coral be enough of a cause for concern to protect the same species in other regions given that these diseases are distributed by currents, or are you saying extensive monitoring is required in each specific region? In other words, at this point in time, how much investigation actually needs to be done in order to see if criteria are met and to what regions would the protection apply? You wrote: "Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes and management regimes? I would like to think so." I would like to think so too. Unfortunately, don't corals continue to decline in large part due to anthropogenic stressors? The big picture is we don't seem to be "managing" our selves very well. We can't even manage trade, let alone less direct impacts from run off etc.... Look, for example, at the large black coral galleries on St. Thomas, Cayman and Las Vegas. There's a two page magazine add that reads like a documentary in American Skies, the American Eagle magazine promoting this "art." How are permits allocated for such exploitation with so little knowledge about the "protected" species? In St. Thomas, the existence of this well publicized gallery has encourage neighboring shops to engage in the trade. Many fishermen in the DR are risking their lives to harvest this coral. My only concern about using endangered species act to protect coral is that the response to the question you posed: "Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes and management regimes? would be answered as casually with "I would like to think so, they're considered endangered species." You wrote: "Would the endangered species act have provided immunity from these anthropogenic disturbances? Although, I believe you are specifically referring to groundings when you discuss "anthropogenic events" what about development related stress? Has the endangered species act been used to stop development? With respect to groundings, could the endangered species act be used to create legislation which diverts tanker traffic away from sensitive coral reef areas, minimizing future groundings and tanker related accidents? Has endangered species act ever been used to improve water quality? You wrote: "Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching episodes, and global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts that the coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide more protection to the reef resources? " I believe the answer to this depends on the proposed protective legislation. We should be using past management failures to discuss additional protective legislation. With regard to the endangered species act, I would think we can use this as another tool to minimize additional anthropogenic stress to protected corals from proposed development and water quality issues. Your “natural events” argument better defends why we should do more....not eliminate a legislative avenue that already exists. You wrote: Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora palmata (Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and bust dynamics for quite some time. Are you suggesting that no anthropogenic stressors are currently contributing to the decline of this species? I respect you for posting your arguments to the web for discussion. I also have concerns about the effectiveness of the endangered species act to protect corals. To many people, corals are just rocks, or rocks with worms. However, unlike you, I see this as a cause for concern to open discussion about more aggressive comprehensive legislation, not grounds for abandonment of laws currently on the books. Other listers have commented that by protecting one species of coral others will benefit. In my opinion, the strongest argument you present is cost - benefit. However, I feel your cost-benefit argument fails if a substantial amount of data exists which can be used to demonstrate compliance with ES criteria and other corals benefit by proximity to the species being listed. Sincerely, Mary Ann Lucking Project Coordinator CORALations Amapola 14, Suite 901 Isla Verde, PR 00979 phone/fax: 787-791-7372 corals@caribe.net > From: Walt Jaap STP > To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Acropora spp., endangered > Date: Friday, February 26, 1999 6:07 AM > > [Moderator's note: this letter to Tom Hourigan from Walt Jaap was > reprinted with permission from Walt for the purpose of encouraging > discussion and contrasting or complementary viewpoints.] > > > 22 February, 1999 > > Dr. Thomas F. Hourigan > Marine Biodiversity Coordinator > Office of Protected Resources, NOAAF/PR > National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration > National Marine Fisheries Service > 1315 East-West Highway > Silver Spring, MD 20910 > tom.hourigan@noaa.gov > > > Dear Dr. Hourigan: > > I am responding to your internet request about Acropora spp. and other > Scleractinian species for inclusion as endangered or threatened species. > We have encountered this option several times from different groups over > the years; and have looked at the option to see if it was reasonable, > possible, and would it do a better job protecting corals than the > existing statutes and management regimes. We have concluded that it is > not the best approach for several reasons. > > Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk throughout the > Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between is costly, > time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case. > > Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes > and management regimes? I would like to think so. In Florida, we have > a state statute that protects all Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and > Gorgonia spp from harvest, being sold in a commercial establishment, and > from destruction on the sea floor. This statute has been in effect > since the mid 1970s. At the federal level the most extensive coral > protection is found under the Magnuson Act: The Gulf of Mexico and > South Atlantic Fisherie s Councils cosponsored the work that resulted in > the Coral and Coral Reef Fishery Management Plan. This plan parallels > the Florida statute, protecting the Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and > Gorgonia spp. This management regime was recently incorporated into the > Essential Fish Habitat Plan by the Fishery Management Councils. > > The Department of Interior manages two National Parks (Biscayne and Dry > Tortugas) in which all corals are protected. The State of Florida and > NOAA are the trustees of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > which includes all the reefs outside the National Park boundaries from > Fowey Rocks to west of Dry Tortugas, again the regulations protect > corals and reefs. When anthropogenic events occur, the trustees have > successfully prosecuted responsible parties or have negotiated effective > restoration and mon itoring plans on the sites. Settlements were in the > range of millions of dollars. Would the endangered species act have > provided immunity from these anthropogenic disturbances? I do not think > it would have. > > Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching episodes, and > global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts that the > coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional > protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide > more protection to the reef resources? I am skeptical that adding a few > Scleractinia corals to the endangered and threatened species list would > be of benefit. > > Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora palmata > (Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and > bust dynamics for quite some time. In 1882, Alexander Agassiz reported > 44 hectares of A. palmata at Dry Tortugas. In 1982, Gary Davis reported > that, A. palmata coverage declined to 0.6 hectares, ten years later we > measured the remnant population and noted little change. The decline > was probably caused by hurricanes and other meteorological phenomena. > > In retrospect, or as they claim hind sight is perfect, when the debate > over the Everglades Park boundaries was first debated in the late 1940s, > Gill Voss told me an initial proposal had all of the Florida Keys with > the exception of Key West and Marathon included in Everglades National > Park. Local politics prevailed and the end result is a highly urbanized > Florida Keys in which the environmental quality has suffered from user > abuse. Ah, if we could only go back in time and make it right. > > We recognize that your intentions are well meaning and appreciate your > concern. We respectfully disagree that the corals mentioned in your > communication should be considered for nomination as endangered or > threatened species. We do not believe that any of the aforementioned > taxa of corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened > species. Since we have existing statutes and management regimes that > are designed to protect corals and reefs, the proposed status would have > little or no effect o n these resources. > > > Sincerely > > Walter C. Jaap Associate Research Scientist Florida Marine Research > Institute > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 26 13:28:51 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id NAA24293; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 13:28:47 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA25361; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 13:31:58 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma025343; Fri, 26 Feb 99 13:31:47 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA58023; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 16:24:00 GMT Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id LAA48970; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 11:23:47 -0500 (EST) Received: from default (ppp22.201dip.netdial.caribe.net [209.91.201.22]) by mail.caribe.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with ESMTP id MAA18722; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 12:24:30 -0400 (AST) Message-Id: <199902261624.MAA18722@mail.caribe.net> From: "CORALations" To: "Walt Jaap STP" , Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered Date: Fri, 26 Feb 1999 12:18:41 -0400 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "CORALations" X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by coral.aoml.noaa.gov id QAA58023 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id NAA24293 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 91 Dear Mr. Jaap: You wrote: " We do not believe that any of the aforementioned taxa of corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened species." Can someone discuss this criteria or possibly scan and post? How does this designation differ from appendix II listing? You wrote: "Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk throughout the Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between is costly, time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case." Does this mean there is no data backing compliance to ES criteria for the taxa listed? I was under the impression that this discussion originated based on evidence which suggests they fit the criteria. Are reefs considered “shared resources” in these regions with respect to such legislation? Would, for example, a disease diagnosed in one region resulting in extensive mortality of a species of coral be enough of a cause for concern to protect the same species in other regions given that these diseases are distributed by currents, or are you saying extensive monitoring is required in each specific region? In other words, at this point in time, how much investigation actually needs to be done in order to see if criteria are met and to what regions would the protection apply? You wrote: "Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes and management regimes? I would like to think so." I would like to think so too. Unfortunately, don't corals continue to decline in large part due to anthropogenic stressors? The big picture is we don't seem to be "managing" our selves very well. We can't even manage trade, let alone less direct impacts from run off etc.... Look, for example, at the large black coral galleries on St. Thomas, Cayman and Las Vegas. There's a two page magazine add that reads like a documentary in American Skies, the American Eagle magazine promoting this "art." How are permits allocated for such exploitation with so little knowledge about the "protected" species? In St. Thomas, the existence of this well publicized gallery has encourage neighboring shops to engage in the trade. Many fishermen in the DR are risking their lives to harvest this coral. My only concern about using endangered species act to protect coral is that the response to the question you posed: "Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes and management regimes? would be answered as casually with "I would like to think so, they're considered endangered species." You wrote: "Would the endangered species act have provided immunity from these anthropogenic disturbances? Although, I believe you are specifically referring to groundings when you discuss "anthropogenic events" what about development related stress? Has the endangered species act been used to stop development? With respect to groundings, could the endangered species act be used to create legislation which diverts tanker traffic away from sensitive coral reef areas, minimizing future groundings and tanker related accidents? Has endangered species act ever been used to improve water quality? You wrote: "Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching episodes, and global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts that the coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide more protection to the reef resources? " I believe the answer to this depends on the proposed protective legislation. We should be using past management failures to discuss additional protective legislation. With regard to the endangered species act, I would think we can use this as another tool to minimize additional anthropogenic stress to protected corals from proposed development and water quality issues. Your “natural events” argument better defends why we should do more....not eliminate a legislative avenue that already exists. You wrote: Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora palmata (Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and bust dynamics for quite some time. Are you suggesting that no anthropogenic stressors are currently contributing to the decline of this species? I respect you for posting your arguments to the web for discussion. I also have concerns about the effectiveness of the endangered species act to protect corals. To many people, corals are just rocks, or rocks with worms. However, unlike you, I see this as a cause for concern to open discussion about more aggressive comprehensive legislation, not grounds for abandonment of laws currently on the books. Other listers have commented that by protecting one species of coral others will benefit. In my opinion, the strongest argument you present is cost - benefit. However, I feel your cost-benefit argument fails if a substantial amount of data exists which can be used to demonstrate compliance with ES criteria and other corals benefit by proximity to the species being listed. Sincerely, Mary Ann Lucking Project Coordinator CORALations Amapola 14, Suite 901 Isla Verde, PR 00979 phone/fax: 787-791-7372 corals@caribe.net > From: Walt Jaap STP > To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Acropora spp., endangered > Date: Friday, February 26, 1999 6:07 AM > > [Moderator's note: this letter to Tom Hourigan from Walt Jaap was > reprinted with permission from Walt for the purpose of encouraging > discussion and contrasting or complementary viewpoints.] > > > 22 February, 1999 > > Dr. Thomas F. Hourigan > Marine Biodiversity Coordinator > Office of Protected Resources, NOAAF/PR > National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration > National Marine Fisheries Service > 1315 East-West Highway > Silver Spring, MD 20910 > tom.hourigan@noaa.gov > > > Dear Dr. Hourigan: > > I am responding to your internet request about Acropora spp. and other > Scleractinian species for inclusion as endangered or threatened species. > We have encountered this option several times from different groups over > the years; and have looked at the option to see if it was reasonable, > possible, and would it do a better job protecting corals than the > existing statutes and management regimes. We have concluded that it is > not the best approach for several reasons. > > Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk throughout the > Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between is costly, > time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case. > > Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes > and management regimes? I would like to think so. In Florida, we have > a state statute that protects all Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and > Gorgonia spp from harvest, being sold in a commercial establishment, and > from destruction on the sea floor. This statute has been in effect > since the mid 1970s. At the federal level the most extensive coral > protection is found under the Magnuson Act: The Gulf of Mexico and > South Atlantic Fisherie s Councils cosponsored the work that resulted in > the Coral and Coral Reef Fishery Management Plan. This plan parallels > the Florida statute, protecting the Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and > Gorgonia spp. This management regime was recently incorporated into the > Essential Fish Habitat Plan by the Fishery Management Councils. > > The Department of Interior manages two National Parks (Biscayne and Dry > Tortugas) in which all corals are protected. The State of Florida and > NOAA are the trustees of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > which includes all the reefs outside the National Park boundaries from > Fowey Rocks to west of Dry Tortugas, again the regulations protect > corals and reefs. When anthropogenic events occur, the trustees have > successfully prosecuted responsible parties or have negotiated effective > restoration and mon itoring plans on the sites. Settlements were in the > range of millions of dollars. Would the endangered species act have > provided immunity from these anthropogenic disturbances? I do not think > it would have. > > Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching episodes, and > global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts that the > coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional > protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide > more protection to the reef resources? I am skeptical that adding a few > Scleractinia corals to the endangered and threatened species list would > be of benefit. > > Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora palmata > (Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and > bust dynamics for quite some time. In 1882, Alexander Agassiz reported > 44 hectares of A. palmata at Dry Tortugas. In 1982, Gary Davis reported > that, A. palmata coverage declined to 0.6 hectares, ten years later we > measured the remnant population and noted little change. The decline > was probably caused by hurricanes and other meteorological phenomena. > > In retrospect, or as they claim hind sight is perfect, when the debate > over the Everglades Park boundaries was first debated in the late 1940s, > Gill Voss told me an initial proposal had all of the Florida Keys with > the exception of Key West and Marathon included in Everglades National > Park. Local politics prevailed and the end result is a highly urbanized > Florida Keys in which the environmental quality has suffered from user > abuse. Ah, if we could only go back in time and make it right. > > We recognize that your intentions are well meaning and appreciate your > concern. We respectfully disagree that the corals mentioned in your > communication should be considered for nomination as endangered or > threatened species. We do not believe that any of the aforementioned > taxa of corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened > species. Since we have existing statutes and management regimes that > are designed to protect corals and reefs, the proposed status would have > little or no effect o n these resources. > > > Sincerely > > Walter C. Jaap Associate Research Scientist Florida Marine Research > Institute > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 26 14:00:20 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA24899; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 14:00:17 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA28160; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 14:02:56 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma028145; Fri, 26 Feb 99 14:02:43 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA61378; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 18:11:53 GMT Received: from ns.psi.calva.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id NAA58927; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 13:11:42 -0500 (EST) Received: from [154.15.20.73] (ip184.nanterre2.fr.pub-ip.eu.psi.net [154.15.20.184]) by ns.psi.calva.net (8.8.6/8.8.6) with SMTP id TAA08027; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 19:09:42 +0100 (MET) Date: Fri, 26 Feb 1999 19:09:42 +0100 (MET) X-Sender: fpl10@pop.calvacom.fr Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" X-Mailer: Eudora F1.5.4 To: Reef Relief , coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: fpl10@calva.net (Fabrice POIRAUD-LAMBERT) Subject: Re: Acropora palmata discussions/coral nursery Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: fpl10@calva.net (Fabrice POIRAUD-LAMBERT) Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 92 Hi, Reef Relief Document and Initiative is really interesting according to me, and I think it should be extended to Maldives and other heavily damaged reefs : I'm just coming back from Maldives, and it's really incredible => 95% of coral coverage as been killed and SPS / LPS corals have deseappered totally in most reefs ! Many colonies has been broken and turned up side down (it happened that I returned 4 still alive Tabular Acropora in less than 10 minutes), and many frags are lying in the sand, dying. SPS and LPS are now very rare in many Maldives Reefs, and I strongly feel that Local Professional Divers and volonteers could help in returning Colonies and using fragments to re-colonize bleached reefs, If it's not too late. Rgds Fabrice POIRAUD-LAMBERT ------- >Reef Relief has released the first year report on the Coral Nursery >Project at Western Sambo Reef in the Florida Keys. The report outlines >the efforts to stabilize loose fragments of Acropora plamata onto >"Acropora rosettes", a design by restoration biologist Harold Hudson, in >this cooperative project with the Florida Keys National Marine >Sanctuary. Storm-damaged fragments of Acropora palmata were secured >with hydraulic cement onto concrete landscaping pads. > >The effort was launched to save Acropora palmata that was becoming >increasingly rare in Keys waters after substantial damage to populations >at Western Sambo Reef as a result of the Ground Hog Day Storm of >February 1998. > >The rosettes were not cemented down at first because the plan was to >move them to a boat grounding site. As a result, they were damaged >during Hurricane Georges but quickly re-established by a Reef Relief >team led by Craig Quirolo. This time, they were cemented to the ocean >floor and survived through Tropical Storm Mitch. Unfortunately, >Acropora palmata colonies at Western Sambo, Rock Key and other Keys >reefs suffered substantial losses as a result of these successive >storms. > >REEF RELIEF recommends and encourages the inclusion of all corals in the >Acropora genus found in the Caribbean Basin for further protection, >including listing through the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The health >and abundance of Palmata colonies we have photo-documented in Cuba, >Jamaica, and Honduras are being compromised as well. > >For a copy of the 70-page color report, contact Reef Relief by e-mail, >telephone (305) 294-3100, fax (305) 293-9515, or write P.O. Box 430, Key >West, Fl. 33041. > >The report is available on our website, located at www.reefrelief.org. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 26 14:32:02 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA26162; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 14:31:58 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA01092; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 14:34:36 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma001065; Fri, 26 Feb 99 14:34:21 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA52260; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 18:46:49 GMT Received: from MAINE.maine.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id NAA52420; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 13:46:38 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <199902261846.NAA52420@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Received: from [130.111.160.26] [130.111.160.26] by MAINE.maine.edu (IBM VM SMTP Level 310) via TCP with SMTP ; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 13:43:12 EST Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered Date: Fri, 26 Feb 99 13:46:37 -0500 x-mailer: Claris Emailer 1.1 From: Bob Steneck To: "Walt Jaap STP" , "Coral List" Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Bob Steneck Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 93 Dear Walt and others, Isn't the ultimate result of your argument that management cannot do much for coral decline, so why bother? Or perhaps everything that needs to be done is being done in Florida so let's be patient. However, the idea that we just don't know enough will always be used in all management issues. If we cannot make a good case for an Acropora decline throughout the Caribbean, can we ever hope to make a case to managers or legislators that will work for other issues? I hope you see that I'm not directly disagreeing with anything you have said. However working with existing legislation... especially legislation that has some real 'teeth' as is the case for Endangered Species Act, makes sense to me. It seems to me that endangered species may become the 'poster-child' for an educational campaign and I see value in that. Protection of endangered species translates to protection of associated species and the entire local system. For example, the spotted owl has saved lots of old growth forests. There are many other examples. Finally, is there harm in embracing the concept of Acropora meeting the definition of an endangered or threatened species? As far as I can see, only if the science doesn't support it. As you know, there are volumes of studies both qualitative and quantitative that document the Acropora decline. There is a sizable literature arguing for the geological and ecological importance of that genus. Even if there is evidence that this genus has fluctuated in the past (I'm not sure yours is a good example... it suggests the Acropora decline may have begun earlier than we thought), I don't think that should disqualify it from being considered for E & T classification. I also do not think the long-term prognosis for the species has to be good for inclusion to the list. I believe everyone expected the California Condor would go extinct but it was placed on the list anyway. I think that species has surprised some pundits. Walt - I hope I'm not missing some of your key points as to why there is no value in placing acroporids on the endangered list. If I am - please educate me and everyone else. If the scientific community sees general value, there is a slim chance this could happen. At best, this is a long-shot that might help protect some reefs. Cheers, Bob Steneck >22 February, 1999 > >Dr. Thomas F. Hourigan >Marine Biodiversity Coordinator >Office of Protected Resources, NOAAF/PR >National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration >National Marine Fisheries Service >1315 East-West Highway >Silver Spring, MD 20910 >tom.hourigan@noaa.gov > > >Dear Dr. Hourigan: > >I am responding to your internet request about Acropora spp. and other >Scleractinian species for inclusion as endangered or threatened species. >We have encountered this option several times from different groups over >the years; and have looked at the option to see if it was reasonable, >possible, and would it do a better job protecting corals than the >existing statutes and management regimes. We have concluded that it is >not the best approach for several reasons. > >Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk throughout the >Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between is costly, >time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case. > >Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes >and management regimes? I would like to think so. In Florida, we have >a state statute that protects all Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and >Gorgonia spp from harvest, being sold in a commercial establishment, and >from destruction on the sea floor. This statute has been in effect >since the mid 1970s. At the federal level the most extensive coral >protection is found under the Magnuson Act: The Gulf of Mexico and >South Atlantic Fisherie s Councils cosponsored the work that resulted in >the Coral and Coral Reef Fishery Management Plan. This plan parallels >the Florida statute, protecting the Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and >Gorgonia spp. This management regime was recently incorporated into the >Essential Fish Habitat Plan by the Fishery Management Councils. > >The Department of Interior manages two National Parks (Biscayne and Dry >Tortugas) in which all corals are protected. The State of Florida and >NOAA are the trustees of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary >which includes all the reefs outside the National Park boundaries from >Fowey Rocks to west of Dry Tortugas, again the regulations protect >corals and reefs. When anthropogenic events occur, the trustees have >successfully prosecuted responsible parties or have negotiated effective >restoration and mon itoring plans on the sites. Settlements were in the >range of millions of dollars. Would the endangered species act have >provided immunity from these anthropogenic disturbances? I do not think >it would have. > >Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching episodes, and >global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts that the >coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional >protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide >more protection to the reef resources? I am skeptical that adding a few >Scleractinia corals to the endangered and threatened species list would >be of benefit. > >Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora palmata >(Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and >bust dynamics for quite some time. In 1882, Alexander Agassiz reported >44 hectares of A. palmata at Dry Tortugas. In 1982, Gary Davis reported >that, A. palmata coverage declined to 0.6 hectares, ten years later we >measured the remnant population and noted little change. The decline >was probably caused by hurricanes and other meteorological phenomena. > >In retrospect, or as they claim hind sight is perfect, when the debate >over the Everglades Park boundaries was first debated in the late 1940s, >Gill Voss told me an initial proposal had all of the Florida Keys with >the exception of Key West and Marathon included in Everglades National >Park. Local politics prevailed and the end result is a highly urbanized >Florida Keys in which the environmental quality has suffered from user >abuse. Ah, if we could only go back in time and make it right. > >We recognize that your intentions are well meaning and appreciate your >concern. We respectfully disagree that the corals mentioned in your >communication should be considered for nomination as endangered or >threatened species. We do not believe that any of the aforementioned >taxa of corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened >species. Since we have existing statutes and management regimes that >are designed to protect corals and reefs, the proposed status would have >little or no effect o n these resources. > > >Sincerely > >Walter C. Jaap Associate Research Scientist Florida Marine Research >Institute ---------------------------- Robert S. Steneck, Ph.D. Professor, School of Marine Sciences University of Maine Darling Marine Center Walpole, ME 04573 207 - 563 - 3146 ext. 233 e-mail: Steneck@Maine.EDU The School of Marine Sciences Web site: http://www.ume.maine.edu/~marine/marine.html From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 26 16:22:46 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id QAA28558; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 16:22:44 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA08735; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 16:25:54 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma008670; Fri, 26 Feb 99 16:25:01 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA39294; Tue, 23 Feb 1999 14:51:23 GMT Message-Id: <199902231451.OAA39294@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 18:37:44 -0500 From: rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: A must read Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 94 Anyone interested in coral reefs and scientific controversies should read WHAT IS NATURAL? by Jan Saap, Oxford University Press, 275 p., 1999, $30.00 It is a penetrating review of the crown-of-thorns controvery and more. Robert Ginsburg From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 26 18:23:32 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id SAA00043; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 18:23:30 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA03653; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 18:26:22 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma003642; Fri, 26 Feb 99 18:26:09 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA01381; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 22:26:11 GMT Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id RAA01367; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 17:26:04 -0500 (EST) Date: Fri, 26 Feb 1999 17:26:04 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <199902262226.RAA01367@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Received: (qmail 11603 invoked from network); 26 Feb 1999 22:24:23 -0000 Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (HELO szmant.rsmas.miami.edu) (129.171.104.19) by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 26 Feb 1999 22:24:23 -0000 X-Sender: szmant@mail.rsmas.miami.edu X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: "CORALations" , coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Alina Szmant Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Alina Szmant Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 95 I have read with interest but stayed out of the fray until now, regarding the listing of Caribbean Acropora species on the endangered species list. However, the response of CORALations to Walter Jaap's posting made me have to "speak up" because it mis-interpreted much of Walt's message and made some rather inane remarks. 1) The Endangered Species Act is an American piece of legislation that is not binding in other countries. Given that most of the range of these species is outside of US jurisdiction (as opposed to the spotted owl or some such beast), inclusion of the Acropora's on the endangered list won't make all that much difference except to prevent importation of dead skeletons of the corals from places like the Dominican Republic with I think still allow harvesting and export. Harvesting of corals and dredging of coral reef habitat is not allowed in any of the US waters. 2) Walt didn't make the requirements up: the Endangered Species Act has some very specific criteria that need to be met in order to justify a species to be included on the list, not just a few people claiming that the "sky is falling" for the Acropora's. While I agree that in SOME locations there have been dramatic decreases in the abundance of these species, in OTHERS they seem to be doing fine, and in fact I've seen some hugh patches of recent Acropora palmata and cervicornis recruitment on the South coast of Puerto Rico that would refute that the species is endangered as defined by the Act. Matter of fact, until Hurricane Georges came along Sept of '98 we had some very healthy and fast growing patches of A. palmata here in the Upper Fla Keys, that were vigorous spawners and much evidence of recruitment, again refuting that the species is truly endangered. I do not know how they will recover from the hurricane and the severe state of bleaching they were in at the time the hurricane struck, and they may not recover fully here on Florida reefs immediately or even after a long time...I don't have a cristal ball... but, as Walt pointed out, until we really have the DATA that demonstrates that the specific species (a) is below reproductive/recuitment capacity in ALL it's range (and I just heard last night about great healthy stands of it in several places in the Bahamas), then they won't meet the specific guidelines to be designated as endangered species. In my opinion, based on what I've seen, theyt are not. 3) Walt never stated that CORAL REEFS shouldn't be protected, nor that water quality problems should be ignored, nor any of the other snotty comments in the CORALations message. He simply pointed out that there are numerous other routes and regulations in place other than the ESA than should be used, and in some places are being used, to protect CORAL REEF ecosystems, which in the process protect all coral species not just a favorite few.. Alina Szmant At 12:18 PM 2/26/99 -0400, you wrote: >Dear Mr. Jaap: > >You wrote: " We do not believe that any of the aforementioned taxa of >corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened species." > >Can someone discuss this criteria or possibly scan and post? How does this >designation differ from appendix II listing? > >You wrote: "Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk >throughout the Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between >is costly, time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case." > >Does this mean there is no data backing compliance to ES criteria for the >taxa listed? I was under the impression that this discussion originated >based on evidence which suggests they fit the criteria. Are reefs >considered "shared resources" in these regions with respect to such >legislation? Would, for example, a disease diagnosed in one region >resulting in extensive mortality of a species of coral be enough of a cause >for concern to protect the same species in other regions given that these >diseases are distributed by currents, or are you saying extensive >monitoring is required in each specific region? In other words, at this >point in time, how much investigation actually needs to be done in order to >see if criteria are met and to what regions would the protection apply? > >You wrote: "Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other >statutes >and management regimes? I would like to think so." > >I would like to think so too. Unfortunately, don't corals continue to >decline in large part due to anthropogenic stressors? The big picture is we >don't seem to be "managing" our selves very well. We can't even manage >trade, let alone less direct impacts from run off etc.... Look, for >example, at the large black coral galleries on St. Thomas, Cayman and Las >Vegas. There's a two page magazine add that reads like a documentary in >American Skies, the American Eagle magazine promoting this "art." How are >permits allocated for such exploitation with so little knowledge about the >"protected" species? In St. Thomas, the existence of this well publicized >gallery has encourage neighboring shops to engage in the trade. Many >fishermen in the DR are risking their lives to harvest this coral. >My only concern about using endangered species act to protect coral is that >the response to the question you posed: "Are corals currently protected >from human exploitation by other statutes and management regimes? would be >answered as casually with "I would like to think so, they're considered >endangered species." > >You wrote: "Would the endangered species act have provided immunity from >these anthropogenic disturbances? Although, I believe you are >specifically referring to groundings when you discuss "anthropogenic >events" what about development related stress? Has the endangered species >act been used to stop development? With respect to groundings, could the >endangered species act be used to create legislation which diverts tanker >traffic away from sensitive coral reef areas, minimizing future groundings >and tanker related accidents? Has endangered species act ever been used to >improve water quality? > >You wrote: "Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching >episodes, and global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts >that the > coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional > protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide > more protection to the reef resources? " > >I believe the answer to this depends on the proposed protective >legislation. We should be using past management failures to discuss >additional protective legislation. With regard to the endangered species >act, I would think we can use this as another tool to minimize additional >anthropogenic stress to protected corals from proposed development and >water quality issues. Your "natural events" argument better defends why >we should do more....not eliminate a legislative avenue that already >exists. > > You wrote: Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora >palmata >(Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and > bust dynamics for quite some time. > >Are you suggesting that no anthropogenic stressors are currently >contributing to the decline of this species? > > I respect you for posting your arguments to the web for discussion. I also >have concerns about the effectiveness of the endangered species act to >protect corals. To many people, corals are just rocks, or rocks with >worms. However, unlike you, I see this as a cause for concern to open >discussion about more aggressive comprehensive legislation, not grounds >for abandonment of laws currently on the books. Other listers have >commented that by protecting one species of coral others will benefit. In >my opinion, the strongest argument you present is cost - benefit. >However, I feel your cost-benefit argument fails if a substantial amount of >data exists which can be used to demonstrate compliance with ES criteria >and other corals benefit by proximity to the species being listed. > >Sincerely, > >Mary Ann Lucking >Project Coordinator >CORALations >Amapola 14, Suite 901 >Isla Verde, PR 00979 >phone/fax: 787-791-7372 >corals@caribe.net > >> From: Walt Jaap STP >> To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> Subject: Acropora spp., endangered >> Date: Friday, February 26, 1999 6:07 AM >> >> [Moderator's note: this letter to Tom Hourigan from Walt Jaap was >> reprinted with permission from Walt for the purpose of encouraging >> discussion and contrasting or complementary viewpoints.] >> >> >> 22 February, 1999 >> >> Dr. Thomas F. Hourigan >> Marine Biodiversity Coordinator >> Office of Protected Resources, NOAAF/PR >> National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration >> National Marine Fisheries Service >> 1315 East-West Highway >> Silver Spring, MD 20910 >> tom.hourigan@noaa.gov >> >> >> Dear Dr. Hourigan: >> >> I am responding to your internet request about Acropora spp. and other >> Scleractinian species for inclusion as endangered or threatened species. >> We have encountered this option several times from different groups over >> the years; and have looked at the option to see if it was reasonable, >> possible, and would it do a better job protecting corals than the >> existing statutes and management regimes. We have concluded that it is >> not the best approach for several reasons. >> >> Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk throughout the >> Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between is costly, >> time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case. >> >> Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes >> and management regimes? I would like to think so. In Florida, we have >> a state statute that protects all Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and >> Gorgonia spp from harvest, being sold in a commercial establishment, and >> from destruction on the sea floor. This statute has been in effect >> since the mid 1970s. At the federal level the most extensive coral >> protection is found under the Magnuson Act: The Gulf of Mexico and >> South Atlantic Fisherie s Councils cosponsored the work that resulted in >> the Coral and Coral Reef Fishery Management Plan. This plan parallels >> the Florida statute, protecting the Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and >> Gorgonia spp. This management regime was recently incorporated into the >> Essential Fish Habitat Plan by the Fishery Management Councils. >> >> The Department of Interior manages two National Parks (Biscayne and Dry >> Tortugas) in which all corals are protected. The State of Florida and >> NOAA are the trustees of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary >> which includes all the reefs outside the National Park boundaries from >> Fowey Rocks to west of Dry Tortugas, again the regulations protect >> corals and reefs. When anthropogenic events occur, the trustees have >> successfully prosecuted responsible parties or have negotiated effective >> restoration and mon itoring plans on the sites. Settlements were in the >> range of millions of dollars. Would the endangered species act have >> provided immunity from these anthropogenic disturbances? I do not think >> it would have. >> >> Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching episodes, and >> global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts that the >> coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional >> protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide >> more protection to the reef resources? I am skeptical that adding a few >> Scleractinia corals to the endangered and threatened species list would >> be of benefit. >> >> Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora palmata >> (Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and >> bust dynamics for quite some time. In 1882, Alexander Agassiz reported >> 44 hectares of A. palmata at Dry Tortugas. In 1982, Gary Davis reported >> that, A. palmata coverage declined to 0.6 hectares, ten years later we >> measured the remnant population and noted little change. The decline >> was probably caused by hurricanes and other meteorological phenomena. >> >> In retrospect, or as they claim hind sight is perfect, when the debate >> over the Everglades Park boundaries was first debated in the late 1940s, >> Gill Voss told me an initial proposal had all of the Florida Keys with >> the exception of Key West and Marathon included in Everglades National >> Park. Local politics prevailed and the end result is a highly urbanized >> Florida Keys in which the environmental quality has suffered from user >> abuse. Ah, if we could only go back in time and make it right. >> >> We recognize that your intentions are well meaning and appreciate your >> concern. We respectfully disagree that the corals mentioned in your >> communication should be considered for nomination as endangered or >> threatened species. We do not believe that any of the aforementioned >> taxa of corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened >> species. Since we have existing statutes and management regimes that >> are designed to protect corals and reefs, the proposed status would have >> little or no effect o n these resources. >> >> >> Sincerely >> >> Walter C. Jaap Associate Research Scientist Florida Marine Research >> Institute >> >> > > ********************************************** Dr. Alina M. Szmant Coral Reef Research Group RSMAS-MBF University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. Miami FL 33149 TEL: (305)361-4609 FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 E-mail: ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU ********************************************** From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 26 20:36:49 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id UAA00829; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 20:36:48 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA06873; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 20:39:58 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma006865; Fri, 26 Feb 99 20:39:34 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id AAA01941; Sat, 27 Feb 1999 00:30:31 GMT Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id TAA01931; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 19:30:24 -0500 (EST) Received: from default (ppp77.197dip.netdial.caribe.net [209.91.197.77]) by mail.caribe.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with ESMTP id UAA18220; Fri, 26 Feb 1999 20:31:30 -0400 (AST) Message-Id: <199902270031.UAA18220@mail.caribe.net> From: "CORALations" To: "Coral-List" , "Alina Szmant" Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered Date: Fri, 26 Feb 1999 20:26:13 -0400 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "CORALations" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 96 Dear Alina Szmant and Listers: I'm sorry if you or anyone perceived my comments about Mr. Jaap's letter as "snotty". I don't know Walt Jaap...and meant nothing personal. I certainly apologize to him if he percieved my comments as an attack. It was not meant that way. His letter was posted with intent to foster discussions and I discussed. I would offer to buy you and Walt an apologetic beer at the next conference we mutually attend, but am afraid all the listers will start hurling insults just to try and cash in on my guilt reflex! In my own defense...the quotes I commented on were directly taken from Mr. Jaap's letter specifically to avoid misinterpretations! Endangered Species Act is also binding in Puerto Rico and USVI's where, as you stated, there are still living stands of a. palmata. There are also many large dead a. palmata reefs. If this species was listed as Endangered we may be able to use this listing as a tool to protect reefs like the one you visited from some monstrously ecologically insensitive development. These developments are clearly not endangered. This may also prove a useful tool in the fight for better water quality. I never implied Walt "made" any Endangered Speicies criteria up. This is unfair. You make the comment these species don't fit the Endangered Species criteria based on recruitment and I thank you for listing that criteria.. I think defending his points in relation to this criteria would have made Walt's letter stronger. this is just my opinion. Those questions I asked about endangered species act were not meant sarcastically....I was honestly interested in obtaining more information. You wrote: "(a) is below reproductive/recuitment capacity in ALL it's range (and I just heard last night about great healthy stands of it in several places in the Bahamas), then they won't meet the specific guidelines to be designated as endangered species. In my opinion, based on what I've seen, theyt are not." Could you or someone from this list define "below reproductive/recruitment capacity" and how a healthy stand may indicate this species does not qualify under this criteria. Does a healthy stand automatically imply new new recruits? How is this evaluated? Does this mean that as long as there are healthy stands they will never qualify??? (These are honest questions...not meant snotty. I am trying to learn here! ) Again, very sorry for any misunderstandings, Sincerely, Mary Ann Lucking Project Coordinator CORALations Amapola 14, Suite 901 Isla Verde, PR 00979 phone/fax: 787-791-7372 corals@caribe.net ---------- > From: Alina Szmant > To: CORALations ; coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered > Date: Friday, February 26, 1999 6:27 PM > > I have read with interest but stayed out of the fray until now, regarding > the listing of Caribbean Acropora species on the endangered species list. > However, the response of CORALations to Walter Jaap's posting made me have > to "speak up" because it mis-interpreted much of Walt's message and made > some rather inane remarks. > > 1) The Endangered Species Act is an American piece of legislation that is > not binding in other countries. Given that most of the range of these > species is outside of US jurisdiction (as opposed to the spotted owl or some > such beast), inclusion of the Acropora's on the endangered list won't make > all that much difference except to prevent importation of dead skeletons of > the corals from places like the Dominican Republic with I think still allow > harvesting and export. Harvesting of corals and dredging of coral reef > habitat is not allowed in any of the US waters. > > 2) Walt didn't make the requirements up: the Endangered Species Act has > some very specific criteria that need to be met in order to justify a > species to be included on the list, not just a few people claiming that the > "sky is falling" for the Acropora's. While I agree that in SOME locations > there have been dramatic decreases in the abundance of these species, in > OTHERS they seem to be doing fine, and in fact I've seen some hugh patches > of recent Acropora palmata and cervicornis recruitment on the South coast of > Puerto Rico that would refute that the species is endangered as defined by > the Act. Matter of fact, until Hurricane Georges came along Sept of '98 we > had some very healthy and fast growing patches of A. palmata here in the > Upper Fla Keys, that were vigorous spawners and much evidence of > recruitment, again refuting that the species is truly endangered. I do not > know how they will recover from the hurricane and the severe state of > bleaching they were in at the time the hurricane struck, and they may not > recover fully here on Florida reefs immediately or even after a long > time...I don't have a cristal ball... but, as Walt pointed out, until we > really have the DATA that demonstrates that the specific species (a) is > below reproductive/recuitment capacity in ALL it's range (and I just heard > last night about great healthy stands of it in several places in the > Bahamas), then they won't meet the specific guidelines to be designated as > endangered species. In my opinion, based on what I've seen, theyt are not. > > 3) Walt never stated that CORAL REEFS shouldn't be protected, nor that > water quality problems should be ignored, nor any of the other snotty > comments in the CORALations message. He simply pointed out that there are > numerous other routes and regulations in place other than the ESA than > should be used, and in some places are being used, to protect CORAL REEF > ecosystems, which in the process protect all coral species not just a > favorite few.. > > Alina Szmant > > At 12:18 PM 2/26/99 -0400, you wrote: > >Dear Mr. Jaap: > > > >You wrote: " We do not believe that any of the aforementioned taxa of > >corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened species." > > > >Can someone discuss this criteria or possibly scan and post? How does this > >designation differ from appendix II listing? > > > >You wrote: "Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk > >throughout the Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between > >is costly, time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case." > > > >Does this mean there is no data backing compliance to ES criteria for the > >taxa listed? I was under the impression that this discussion originated > >based on evidence which suggests they fit the criteria. Are reefs > >considered "shared resources" in these regions with respect to such > >legislation? Would, for example, a disease diagnosed in one region > >resulting in extensive mortality of a species of coral be enough of a cause > >for concern to protect the same species in other regions given that these > >diseases are distributed by currents, or are you saying extensive > >monitoring is required in each specific region? In other words, at this > >point in time, how much investigation actually needs to be done in order to > >see if criteria are met and to what regions would the protection apply? > > > >You wrote: "Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other > >statutes > >and management regimes? I would like to think so." > > > >I would like to think so too. Unfortunately, don't corals continue to > >decline in large part due to anthropogenic stressors? The big picture is we > >don't seem to be "managing" our selves very well. We can't even manage > >trade, let alone less direct impacts from run off etc.... Look, for > >example, at the large black coral galleries on St. Thomas, Cayman and Las > >Vegas. There's a two page magazine add that reads like a documentary in > >American Skies, the American Eagle magazine promoting this "art." How are > >permits allocated for such exploitation with so little knowledge about the > >"protected" species? In St. Thomas, the existence of this well publicized > >gallery has encourage neighboring shops to engage in the trade. Many > >fishermen in the DR are risking their lives to harvest this coral. > >My only concern about using endangered species act to protect coral is that > >the response to the question you posed: "Are corals currently protected > >from human exploitation by other statutes and management regimes? would be > >answered as casually with "I would like to think so, they're considered > >endangered species." > > > >You wrote: "Would the endangered species act have provided immunity from > >these anthropogenic disturbances? Although, I believe you are > >specifically referring to groundings when you discuss "anthropogenic > >events" what about development related stress? Has the endangered species > >act been used to stop development? With respect to groundings, could the > >endangered species act be used to create legislation which diverts tanker > >traffic away from sensitive coral reef areas, minimizing future groundings > >and tanker related accidents? Has endangered species act ever been used to > >improve water quality? > > > >You wrote: "Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching > >episodes, and global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts > >that the > > coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional > > protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide > > more protection to the reef resources? " > > > >I believe the answer to this depends on the proposed protective > >legislation. We should be using past management failures to discuss > >additional protective legislation. With regard to the endangered species > >act, I would think we can use this as another tool to minimize additional > >anthropogenic stress to protected corals from proposed development and > >water quality issues. Your "natural events" argument better defends why > >we should do more....not eliminate a legislative avenue that already > >exists. > > > > You wrote: Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora > >palmata > >(Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and > > bust dynamics for quite some time. > > > >Are you suggesting that no anthropogenic stressors are currently > >contributing to the decline of this species? > > > > I respect you for posting your arguments to the web for discussion. I also > >have concerns about the effectiveness of the endangered species act to > >protect corals. To many people, corals are just rocks, or rocks with > >worms. However, unlike you, I see this as a cause for concern to open > >discussion about more aggressive comprehensive legislation, not grounds > >for abandonment of laws currently on the books. Other listers have > >commented that by protecting one species of coral others will benefit. In > >my opinion, the strongest argument you present is cost - benefit. > >However, I feel your cost-benefit argument fails if a substantial amount of > >data exists which can be used to demonstrate compliance with ES criteria > >and other corals benefit by proximity to the species being listed. > > > >Sincerely, > > > >Mary Ann Lucking > >Project Coordinator > >CORALations > >Amapola 14, Suite 901 > >Isla Verde, PR 00979 > >phone/fax: 787-791-7372 > >corals@caribe.net > > > >> From: Walt Jaap STP > >> To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov > >> Subject: Acropora spp., endangered > >> Date: Friday, February 26, 1999 6:07 AM > >> > >> [Moderator's note: this letter to Tom Hourigan from Walt Jaap was > >> reprinted with permission from Walt for the purpose of encouraging > >> discussion and contrasting or complementary viewpoints.] > >> > >> > >> 22 February, 1999 > >> > >> Dr. Thomas F. Hourigan > >> Marine Biodiversity Coordinator > >> Office of Protected Resources, NOAAF/PR > >> National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration > >> National Marine Fisheries Service > >> 1315 East-West Highway > >> Silver Spring, MD 20910 > >> tom.hourigan@noaa.gov > >> > >> > >> Dear Dr. Hourigan: > >> > >> I am responding to your internet request about Acropora spp. and other > >> Scleractinian species for inclusion as endangered or threatened species. > >> We have encountered this option several times from different groups over > >> the years; and have looked at the option to see if it was reasonable, > >> possible, and would it do a better job protecting corals than the > >> existing statutes and management regimes. We have concluded that it is > >> not the best approach for several reasons. > >> > >> Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk throughout the > >> Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between is costly, > >> time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case. > >> > >> Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes > >> and management regimes? I would like to think so. In Florida, we have > >> a state statute that protects all Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and > >> Gorgonia spp from harvest, being sold in a commercial establishment, and > >> from destruction on the sea floor. This statute has been in effect > >> since the mid 1970s. At the federal level the most extensive coral > >> protection is found under the Magnuson Act: The Gulf of Mexico and > >> South Atlantic Fisherie s Councils cosponsored the work that resulted in > >> the Coral and Coral Reef Fishery Management Plan. This plan parallels > >> the Florida statute, protecting the Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and > >> Gorgonia spp. This management regime was recently incorporated into the > >> Essential Fish Habitat Plan by the Fishery Management Councils. > >> > >> The Department of Interior manages two National Parks (Biscayne and Dry > >> Tortugas) in which all corals are protected. The State of Florida and > >> NOAA are the trustees of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > >> which includes all the reefs outside the National Park boundaries from > >> Fowey Rocks to west of Dry Tortugas, again the regulations protect > >> corals and reefs. When anthropogenic events occur, the trustees have > >> successfully prosecuted responsible parties or have negotiated effective > >> restoration and mon itoring plans on the sites. Settlements were in the > >> range of millions of dollars. Would the endangered species act have > >> provided immunity from these anthropogenic disturbances? I do not think > >> it would have. > >> > >> Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching episodes, and > >> global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts that the > >> coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional > >> protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide > >> more protection to the reef resources? I am skeptical that adding a few > >> Scleractinia corals to the endangered and threatened species list would > >> be of benefit. > >> > >> Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora palmata > >> (Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and > >> bust dynamics for quite some time. In 1882, Alexander Agassiz reported > >> 44 hectares of A. palmata at Dry Tortugas. In 1982, Gary Davis reported > >> that, A. palmata coverage declined to 0.6 hectares, ten years later we > >> measured the remnant population and noted little change. The decline > >> was probably caused by hurricanes and other meteorological phenomena. > >> > >> In retrospect, or as they claim hind sight is perfect, when the debate > >> over the Everglades Park boundaries was first debated in the late 1940s, > >> Gill Voss told me an initial proposal had all of the Florida Keys with > >> the exception of Key West and Marathon included in Everglades National > >> Park. Local politics prevailed and the end result is a highly urbanized > >> Florida Keys in which the environmental quality has suffered from user > >> abuse. Ah, if we could only go back in time and make it right. > >> > >> We recognize that your intentions are well meaning and appreciate your > >> concern. We respectfully disagree that the corals mentioned in your > >> communication should be considered for nomination as endangered or > >> threatened species. We do not believe that any of the aforementioned > >> taxa of corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened > >> species. Since we have existing statutes and management regimes that > >> are designed to protect corals and reefs, the proposed status would have > >> little or no effect o n these resources. > >> > >> > >> Sincerely > >> > >> Walter C. Jaap Associate Research Scientist Florida Marine Research > >> Institute > >> > >> > > > > > ********************************************** > Dr. Alina M. Szmant > Coral Reef Research Group > RSMAS-MBF > University of Miami > 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. > Miami FL 33149 > > TEL: (305)361-4609 > FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 > E-mail: ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU > ********************************************** > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 28 00:41:00 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id AAA06495; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 00:40:58 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA28751; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 00:43:50 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma028742; Sun, 28 Feb 99 00:43:27 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id EAA09021; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 04:39:15 GMT Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id XAA09014; Sat, 27 Feb 1999 23:39:07 -0500 (EST) Received: from uhunix1.its.hawaii.edu ([128.171.44.6]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <150825(2)>; Sat, 27 Feb 1999 18:37:22 -1000 Received: from localhost by uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <135672(8)>; Sat, 27 Feb 1999 18:37:11 -1000 Date: Sat, 27 Feb 1999 18:37:09 -1000 From: "J. Charles Delbeek" X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix1 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered In-Reply-To: <199902262226.RAA01367@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "J. Charles Delbeek" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 97 I too am somewhat confused as to what additional protection placing Acroporids on the ESA will accimplish that is not already being covered. Could someone who is supporting this idea please outline the additional protection thus afforded and how this is of benefit compared to legislation already in place? I am also perplexed as to how the ESA will protect corals from natural disasters such as hurricanes, or from other affects attributed to coral bleaching i.e. increased surface temperatures? It is somewhat ironic that while many consider Acroporid species "endangered" in Florida, current legislation makes it extremely difficult to obtain collection permits to maintain and cultivate these species in captivity. J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc. Aquarium Biologist Waikiki Aquarium University of Hawaii "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end." Mr. Spock From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 28 00:41:02 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id AAA06509; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 00:40:59 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA28753; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 00:43:50 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma028743; Sun, 28 Feb 99 00:43:38 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id EAA09039; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 04:46:36 GMT Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id XAA09045; Sat, 27 Feb 1999 23:46:30 -0500 (EST) Received: from uhunix1.its.hawaii.edu ([128.171.44.6]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <150968(9)>; Sat, 27 Feb 1999 18:44:43 -1000 Received: from localhost by uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <135716(1)>; Sat, 27 Feb 1999 18:44:37 -1000 Date: Sat, 27 Feb 1999 18:44:34 -1000 From: "J. Charles Delbeek" X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix1 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered In-Reply-To: <199902270031.UAA18220@mail.caribe.net> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "J. Charles Delbeek" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 98 Mary Ann's questions bring up an interesting dilemna I think. How does one go about measuring recruitment fitness for a potential ESA listing when said organism releases billions of gametes? Was the ESA ever designed to deal with such a fecund organism or was it more for the "warm and fuzzies" than the image challenged? J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc. Aquarium Biologist Waikiki Aquarium University of Hawaii "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end." Mr. Spock From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 28 04:23:25 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id EAA07142; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 04:23:23 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA01778; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 04:26:36 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma001768; Sun, 28 Feb 99 04:26:14 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id IAA09934; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 08:45:51 GMT Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id DAA10027; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 03:45:40 -0500 (EST) Received: from default (ppp11.197dip.netdial.caribe.net [209.91.197.11]) by mail.caribe.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with ESMTP id EAA05791; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 04:46:48 -0400 (AST) Message-Id: <199902280846.EAA05791@mail.caribe.net> From: "CORALations" To: "J. Charles Delbeek" , Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered Date: Sun, 28 Feb 1999 04:41:21 -0400 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "CORALations" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 99 I've been considering this and listed some examples: I previously stated how this could be a useful tool to stop a development which may impact offshore areas where the listed species is found, or possibly be used to push legislation for stricter clean water standards...and since posting these comments, have come up with a number of other things. Endangered Species Act loses its "warm and fuzzy" aspects in court*, during public hearings...when commenting on Environmental Impact Statements for developments, when pushing for protective legislation which can protect spawning grounds etc....Federal courts pay attention to Endangered Species Act. I don't think any one would challenge your comment that ESA , or any "coral reef" legislation would be effective at protecting corals from natural disasters...but if it can be used to minimize anthropogenic impacts, wouldn't it help reef damaged by such disasters recover? I think captive propogation of corals may also prove useful...to an extent...if well managed. However, good management means restrictions. It should be difficult to obtain a permit for collection in a species that as you wrote many seem to consider "endangered". Collection should also be one of the easiest anthropogenic stresses to control...but I have doubts as to if even this protective legislation is effective. Not to say it should be thrown out....Just to say we should take inventory of what management works and does not work ........and discuss topics like this. Why not list? Do we have the data to support? What does recruitement capacity mean? (*.....hope I don't sound mean..comments not meant that way) ---------- > From: J. Charles Delbeek > To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered > Date: Sunday, February 28, 1999 12:37 AM > > I too am somewhat confused as to what additional protection placing > Acroporids on the ESA will accimplish that is not already being covered. > Could someone who is supporting this idea please outline the additional > protection thus afforded and how this is of benefit compared to > legislation already in place? > > I am also perplexed as to how the ESA will protect corals from natural > disasters such as hurricanes, or from other affects attributed to coral > bleaching i.e. increased surface temperatures? > > It is somewhat ironic that while many consider Acroporid species > "endangered" in Florida, current legislation makes it extremely difficult > to obtain collection permits to maintain and cultivate these species in > captivity. > > J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc. > > Aquarium Biologist > Waikiki Aquarium > University of Hawaii > > "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end." > Mr. Spock > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 28 09:02:22 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id JAA07902; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 09:02:20 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA04454; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 09:05:32 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma004443; Sun, 28 Feb 99 09:05:04 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id NAA11244; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 13:24:41 GMT Received: from soli.inav.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id IAA11281; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 08:24:36 -0500 (EST) Received: from x7k2x2 (dip209.inav.net [205.160.208.79]) by soli.inav.net (8.8.7/8.6.12) with SMTP id HAA24604 for ; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 07:22:53 -0600 Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19990228072524.00841de0@soli.inav.net> X-Sender: osha@soli.inav.net X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32) Date: Sun, 28 Feb 1999 07:25:24 -0600 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Osha Gray Davidson Subject: Virus file: Happy99.exe Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Osha Gray Davidson Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 100 An attached file called Happy99.exe was just sent to this list. I'm pretty sure it contains a computer virus. A like-named file was just received on another list and infected some computers. The file Happy99.exe is a program. As I understand it, no harm is done unless you open (or run) the program itself. Deleting the file itself (not simply the E-mail message it rode in on) gets rid of the problem. The file came on a message from "CORALations" bearing the subject line: "RE: Acropora spp., endangered," dated 2/28/99. Please note that this information is just to help you find the virus-bearing file and not to place blame on CORALations, who, I'm sure, didn't know this file containted a virus. Cheers, Osha Osha Gray Davidson 14 South Governor St. Iowa City, IA 52240 USA Ph: 319-338-4778 Fax: 319-338-8606 osha@pobox.com Scholar Affiliate, University of Iowa From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 28 11:48:26 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA08562; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 11:48:24 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA06350; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 11:51:03 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma006342; Sun, 28 Feb 99 11:50:32 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA12010; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 15:41:29 GMT Received: from relay1.bu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id KAA11990; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 10:41:23 -0500 (EST) Received: from PPP-75-9.BU.EDU (ppp-87-29.bu.edu [128.197.8.241]) by relay1.bu.edu ((8.8.8.buoit.b5.ACS)/) with SMTP id KAA26984; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 10:39:37 -0500 Message-Id: <3.0.1.16.19990228110613.37f76a4c@acs-mail.bu.edu> X-Sender: warrior@acs-mail.bu.edu X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.1 (16) Date: Sun, 28 Feb 1999 11:06:13 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, lesk@bio.bu.edu From: "Jamie D. Bechtel" Subject: Acropora spp., endangered -legal background In-Reply-To: <199902280846.EAA05791@mail.caribe.net> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Jamie D. Bechtel" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 101 hello all - i have been following the debate with some interest and thought some background information may be helpful. there is an excellent article discussing the role of science in the listing of endangered species. Bogert, Laurence Michael "That's my story and i'm sticking to it: is the best available science any available science under the endangered species act." 31 Idaho Law Review 85 (1994). despite some recent flexibility mechanisms built into the ESA, it remains a strong legislative tool. the endangered species act (ESA) is unique in terms of environmental legislation in that it contains a flat, substanative prohibition. weighing heavily in favor of the application of the endangered species act is the fact that, beyond a shadow of doubt, congress intended to grant high priority status to endangered species. consequently, the ESA remains a strong legislative tool and is upheld uniformily and consistently in district courts. Sec. 7 of the ESA supplies much of the force of the ESA in "insur[ing] that actions authorized, funded, or carried out by [federal deptarments and agencies] do not jeapardize the continued existence of such endangered species and threatended species or result in the destruction or modification of habitat of such species which is determined by the Secretary, after consultation as appropriate with the affected States, to be critical". in short, if a project will cause harm to an endangered species, that project can likely be brought to a relatively quick halt. 1n 1995, sec 9 (regarding illegal taking species w/i the US and the territorial sea) of the ESA won its day in court. the supreme court allowed the definition of "harm" to include "significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, feeding, or sheltering (babbit v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon, S. Ct. US 1995) it should be noted that, while application of the ESA is unlikely (not impossible) to improve current water quality and habitat conditions, it could go along way in preventing further decline(although some interesting battles are coming up with regards to language in the esa to promote conservation of species). the law was not designed to determine protective measures for different reproductive behaviors. it is likely that we do not need to consider recruitment fitness. (criteria listed below) it should also be noted that in determining whether a population is threatened, it need not be threatened globally, but throughout a portion of its range. many examples exist, such as the protection of the bald eagle in US domestic populations despite a thriving population in Alaska. distinct population segments can be protected. this arguement is likely to be stronger when additional populations occur outside US states and territories but are threatened within the US. the esa also allows critical habitat to be protected - slightly more complicated to achieve but based on an endangered species listing. the application of esa relies solely on the "best scientific and commercial data available." the act allows that listing of a species as endangered or threatend follows certain criteria: if the species experiences 1. present or threatened destruction or modification of its habitat or range. 2. overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific, or education purposes 3. disease/predation 4. inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanism or other natural or manmade factors affect its continued existence listing of an organmism that is not truly endangered can be extremely dangerous in providing fuel for politicians and industry trying to bring an end to the act. final thoughts, the legal arena is constantly changing and many questions regarding application of the ESA remain untested until they appear in court. one thought permeating the legal environment is the idea that scientist don't agree on any thing and data is untrustworthy. unfortunately, a few bad apples etc... however, as a scientist interacting in the legal community, i find it disheartening to have to constantly defend the workings of the scientific community. any suggestions on how to begin dispelling the myth and providing explanation? hope this information is helpful - cheers, jamie ____________________________________________________________________________ ________ Jamie D. Bechtel Jamie D. Bechtel Boston University Boston College School of Law Graduate School of Biology 885 Centre Street 5 Cummington Street Newton, MA 02159 Boston, MA 02215 From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 28 12:46:44 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA08788; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 12:46:38 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA06963; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 12:49:18 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma006955; Sun, 28 Feb 99 12:48:39 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA12220; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 16:36:36 GMT Received: from mail.state.fl.us by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id LAA12246; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 11:36:30 -0500 (EST) Received: from gmd0004 [205.172.40.2] by mail.state.fl.us with smtp (Exim 1.73 #2) id 10H9B2-0001zk-00; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 11:34:48 -0500 Received: by localhost with Microsoft MAPI; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 11:35:02 -0500 Message-ID: <01BE630E.615B7BF0.garettg@mail.state.fl.us> From: George Garrett To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" Subject: FW: Acropora spp., endangered Date: Sun, 28 Feb 1999 11:35:01 -0500 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet E-mail/MAPI - 8.0.0.4211 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: George Garrett Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 102 -----Original Message----- From: Garrett-George Sent: Friday, February 26, 1999 11:13 PM To: 'Bob Steneck' Subject: RE: Acropora spp., endangered Bob and Coral-List: Having had the pleasure of working on both upland and marine management issues, I find this debate to be rather interesting. Though I think that there are arguments for listing, I'm not sure how much it accomplishes as compared to the regulations currently in place (particularly as defined by Walt). I don't believe that the ESA is particularly strong and I don't consider myself to be a "rabid foamy mouth" on the issue. In Florida and other parts of the United State or its protectorates, harvest or coral is not allowed - period. I think that Walt made a good argument for that. Touching coral or creating relatively minor disturbances can be a problem, and though a contributor to coral decline by some accounts, is probably not the major one. Mind you, I don't believe that the ESA would bring much to bare on this problem either. Regardless of the law, it is ultimately an on the water enforcement issue, dealt with under the prevailing political climate. First, I have great respect for the ESA and the many refuges that have been established to protect ETS. There are four wildlife refuges in the Florida Keys. However, and Ah ha, a good opportunity for comparative study. If petting Key deer is the comparative equivalent of touching coral, people do it on Big Pine Key all the time. The refuges discourage it, but reasonably can't STOP it. It's that perception of heavy handed enforcement thing. One more step. It took a third party federal law suit to get FWS to force FEMA to consult with them when issuing flood insurance policies in the Keys (or other flood prone areas with ETS). Taking this a step further, the fact that insurance policies are being issued indicates a significant impact on the habitat of an endangered species through development of the units requiring insurance. Pineland and hardwood hammock is disappearing daily, though because of local regs, this impact is declining significantly (admittedly influenced and assisted by the ESA). But, development is still allowed in developed subdivisions that contain little habitat - flat in the middle of the Key Deer Refuge. It's probably not fair to dump this on FWS, particularly on Big Pine Key - the die was cast there before FWS had a Refuge. Platted lots have existed there for a long time and funding for purchase is limited. However, let's look at the concept of an "Incidental Take Permit" (ITP) or an "Habitat Conservation Plan" (HCP). At the time that I worked on the HCP for Key Largo (crocodile, woodrat, cotton mouse, indigo snake) there were probably 4 other HCPs in existence (in a time period spanning the mid 70s to mid 80s). That was about 15 years ago. Since that time I've dealt more in marine matters and have lost count, but there are literally hundreds of HCPs now. At least one view of an HCP is that it is a compromise between what you want for the ETS and what interested developers want from their land. Frequently, this is a compromise garnered from an inability to adequately enforce the ESA, the drives of those who want to develop, and the strength of the Constitutional "Takings" law (Takings in this sense being property rights and land use). I think you can make similar arguments for ITPs, though perhaps not as strongly because they don't tend to affect as broad a part of the range. I think many of the reasons that the ESA has not been applied more effectively in marine environments (marine mammals and reptiles being the exception) is that reproductive dispersal is perceived to and in fact probably tends to be broad. Walt alluded to this. The coral species being discussed, particularly the Acroporids, are pan Caribbean (and Pacific, etc.) Thus, the ESA would consider this in the listing process and conversely, if listed would not affect these species anywhere but in U.S. states and territories. These are places where they are well protected. In any event, between the State of Florida (in this case), the various Fisheries Acts, and the FKNMS, the Keys are afforded a fair amount of protection. I don't honestly know how much more protection could be afforded them. Having played devils advocate for the last page or so, I certainly don't oppose listing the Acroporids. However, don't expect any panaceas. Its typically the bigger things that are not accounted for in such laws, and probably never will be effectively, that impact our reefs - the Mississippi or the Orinoco, global warming, Saharan dust (that one's for you Gene), and atmospheric deposition. More locally and more tangibly (for Florida), its wastewater outfalls on the east coast, phosphate mining on the west coast and general conditions of coastal eutrophication. We've gotten too big for the place in which we live. We will continue to fight the good fight and do the best we can. Let's list the Acroporids, who knows it may bring greater attention to the things that aren't so heavily regulated. George Garrett Director of Marine Resources Monroe County, Florida Keys PS Regarding the existing laws and least, Walt (and I) argue from the stand point of the laws of Florida, as described above. I do recall some recent permits in Hawaii for marina development in which a significant area of coral was allowed to be destroyed - though, with significant transplant of some as mitigation). Is there a stronger need for concern nationally, in the Pacific or even Puerto Rico (ref. CORALations)? -----Original Message----- From: Bob Steneck [SMTP:Steneck@Maine.Maine.EDU] Sent: Friday, February 26, 1999 1:47 PM To: Walt Jaap STP; Coral List Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered Dear Walt and others, Isn't the ultimate result of your argument that management cannot do much for coral decline, so why bother? Or perhaps everything that needs to be done is being done in Florida so let's be patient. However, the idea that we just don't know enough will always be used in all management issues. If we cannot make a good case for an Acropora decline throughout the Caribbean, can we ever hope to make a case to managers or legislators that will work for other issues? I hope you see that I'm not directly disagreeing with anything you have said. However working with existing legislation... especially legislation that has some real 'teeth' as is the case for Endangered Species Act, makes sense to me. It seems to me that endangered species may become the 'poster-child' for an educational campaign and I see value in that. Protection of endangered species translates to protection of associated species and the entire local system. For example, the spotted owl has saved lots of old growth forests. There are many other examples. Finally, is there harm in embracing the concept of Acropora meeting the definition of an endangered or threatened species? As far as I can see, only if the science doesn't support it. As you know, there are volumes of studies both qualitative and quantitative that document the Acropora decline. There is a sizable literature arguing for the geological and ecological importance of that genus. Even if there is evidence that this genus has fluctuated in the past (I'm not sure yours is a good example... it suggests the Acropora decline may have begun earlier than we thought), I don't think that should disqualify it from being considered for E & T classification. I also do not think the long-term prognosis for the species has to be good for inclusion to the list. I believe everyone expected the California Condor would go extinct but it was placed on the list anyway. I think that species has surprised some pundits. Walt - I hope I'm not missing some of your key points as to why there is no value in placing acroporids on the endangered list. If I am - please educate me and everyone else. If the scientific community sees general value, there is a slim chance this could happen. At best, this is a long-shot that might help protect some reefs. Cheers, Bob Steneck >22 February, 1999 > >Dr. Thomas F. Hourigan >Marine Biodiversity Coordinator >Office of Protected Resources, NOAAF/PR >National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration >National Marine Fisheries Service >1315 East-West Highway >Silver Spring, MD 20910 >tom.hourigan@noaa.gov > > >Dear Dr. Hourigan: > >I am responding to your internet request about Acropora spp. and other >Scleractinian species for inclusion as endangered or threatened species. >We have encountered this option several times from different groups over >the years; and have looked at the option to see if it was reasonable, >possible, and would it do a better job protecting corals than the >existing statutes and management regimes. We have concluded that it is >not the best approach for several reasons. > >Firstly, to prove that a coral is threatened or at risk throughout the >Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, and places in between is costly, >time consuming, and might be very difficult to prove the case. > >Are corals currently protected from human exploitation by other statutes >and management regimes? I would like to think so. In Florida, we have >a state statute that protects all Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and >Gorgonia spp from harvest, being sold in a commercial establishment, and >from destruction on the sea floor. This statute has been in effect >since the mid 1970s. At the federal level the most extensive coral >protection is found under the Magnuson Act: The Gulf of Mexico and >South Atlantic Fisherie s Councils cosponsored the work that resulted in >the Coral and Coral Reef Fishery Management Plan. This plan parallels >the Florida statute, protecting the Scleractinia, Millepora spp, and >Gorgonia spp. This management regime was recently incorporated into the >Essential Fish Habitat Plan by the Fishery Management Councils. > >The Department of Interior manages two National Parks (Biscayne and Dry >Tortugas) in which all corals are protected. The State of Florida and >NOAA are the trustees of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary >which includes all the reefs outside the National Park boundaries from >Fowey Rocks to west of Dry Tortugas, again the regulations protect >corals and reefs. When anthropogenic events occur, the trustees have >successfully prosecuted responsible parties or have negotiated effective >restoration and mon itoring plans on the sites. Settlements were in the >range of millions of dollars. Would the endangered species act have >provided immunity from these anthropogenic disturbances? I do not think >it would have. > >Natural events such as hurricanes, ENSO related bleaching episodes, and >global warming are still occurring in spite of the efforts that the >coral protection statutes and management regimes. Would additional >protective legislation such as the endangered species program provide >more protection to the reef resources? I am skeptical that adding a few >Scleractinia corals to the endangered and threatened species list would >be of benefit. > >Coral populations are very dynamic. In the case of Acropora palmata >(Lamarck, 1816) there is good evidence that it has gone through boom and >bust dynamics for quite some time. In 1882, Alexander Agassiz reported >44 hectares of A. palmata at Dry Tortugas. In 1982, Gary Davis reported >that, A. palmata coverage declined to 0.6 hectares, ten years later we >measured the remnant population and noted little change. The decline >was probably caused by hurricanes and other meteorological phenomena. > >In retrospect, or as they claim hind sight is perfect, when the debate >over the Everglades Park boundaries was first debated in the late 1940s, >Gill Voss told me an initial proposal had all of the Florida Keys with >the exception of Key West and Marathon included in Everglades National >Park. Local politics prevailed and the end result is a highly urbanized >Florida Keys in which the environmental quality has suffered from user >abuse. Ah, if we could only go back in time and make it right. > >We recognize that your intentions are well meaning and appreciate your >concern. We respectfully disagree that the corals mentioned in your >communication should be considered for nomination as endangered or >threatened species. We do not believe that any of the aforementioned >taxa of corals could satisfy the criteria of endangered or threatened >species. Since we have existing statutes and management regimes that >are designed to protect corals and reefs, the proposed status would have >little or no effect o n these resources. > > >Sincerely > >Walter C. Jaap Associate Research Scientist Florida Marine Research >Institute ---------------------------- Robert S. Steneck, Ph.D. Professor, School of Marine Sciences University of Maine Darling Marine Center Walpole, ME 04573 207 - 563 - 3146 ext. 233 e-mail: Steneck@Maine.EDU The School of Marine Sciences Web site: http://www.ume.maine.edu/~marine/marine.html From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 28 14:57:05 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA09440; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 14:57:03 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA08744; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 14:59:43 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma008735; Sun, 28 Feb 99 14:59:18 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA12889; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 18:56:12 GMT Received: from soli.inav.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id NAA12865; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 13:56:06 -0500 (EST) Received: from x7k2x2 (dip343.inav.net [205.160.208.213]) by soli.inav.net (8.8.7/8.6.12) with SMTP id MAA17316 for ; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 12:54:24 -0600 Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19990228125653.0083c6a0@soli.inav.net> X-Sender: osha@soli.inav.net X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32) Date: Sun, 28 Feb 1999 12:56:53 -0600 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Osha Gray Davidson Subject: More on the Happy99.exe Virus Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Osha Gray Davidson Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 103 In response to some questions I've received, here's a little more information on the Happy99.exe computer virus, sent on the coral-health list-serve today. The information is taken from a posting on another list-serve that was hit, and I merely pass it along (not being a computer expert myself). >If you have already run HAPPY99, go to: > > > >for instructions on how to remove it. For details about the worm >and its effects, see: > > > Hope this helps. Osha Osha Gray Davidson 14 South Governor St. Iowa City, IA 52240 USA Ph: 319-338-4778 Fax: 319-338-8606 osha@pobox.com Scholar Affiliate, University of Iowa From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 28 16:44:56 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id QAA09856; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 16:44:53 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA11146; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 16:48:06 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma011137; Sun, 28 Feb 99 16:47:48 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id VAA13542; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 21:08:15 GMT Received: from unix12.planete.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id QAA13501; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 16:08:09 -0500 (EST) Received: from [194.150.0.180] (mon9-04.planete.net [194.150.0.180]) by unix12.planete.net (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id WAA27987; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 22:01:56 +0100 (MET) Message-Id: <199902282101.WAA27987@unix12.planete.net> X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express for Macintosh - 4.0c (197) Date: Sun, 28 Feb 1999 21:38:06 +0100 Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered From: "Georges Moret" To: CORALations CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Mime-version: 1.0 X-Priority: 3 Content-type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Georges Moret" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id QAA09856 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 104 Please, pay attention to happy99.exe It"s a funny nice worm but it can replicate and be send by itself You'd better trashed it Georges Moret "Tranquilles cependant, Charlemagne et ses Preux" "Descendaient la montagne et devisaient entre-eux" ---------- From: "CORALations" Subject: Re: Acropora spp., endangered Date: Dim 28 fév 1999 9:46 From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 28 17:13:02 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id RAA09966; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 17:13:00 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA11400; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 17:16:11 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma011391; Sun, 28 Feb 99 17:15:43 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id VAA13678; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 21:32:36 GMT Received: from tula.cura.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id QAA13663; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 16:32:30 -0500 (EST) Received: from cura.net (dppp22.cura.net [209.58.20.122]) by tula.cura.net (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with ESMTP id RAA23334; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 17:34:29 -0400 (GMT-0400) Message-ID: <36D98023.FA8861F7@cura.net> Date: Sun, 28 Feb 1999 17:42:59 +0000 From: Paul Hoetjes X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Coral List CC: Osha Gray Davidson Subject: [Fwd: Virus alert] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Paul Hoetjes Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 105 A recent message sent to the list contained an attachment called happy99.exe. On the CTURTLE list a similar message recently was followed by this warning: -------- Original Message -------- Subject: Virus alert Date: Sun, 21 Feb 1999 12:37:01 -0500 From: Peter Bennett Reply-To: Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation To: CTURTLE@LISTS.UFL.EDU The last email from JIWLP was followed by a post that includes the HAPPY99 worm. You will have received email with no text, just an attachment named HAPPY99.EXE. WARNING: DO NOT RUN THIS PROGRAM! If you have already run HAPPY99 (and it is obvious that Wil Burns or someone at JIWLP already has), go to: for instructions on how to remove it. For details about the worm and its effects, see: Please don't blame Wil Burns for this, he's a victim. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 28 18:53:24 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id SAA10252; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 18:53:20 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA12714; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 18:56:35 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma012702; Sun, 28 Feb 99 18:55:37 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA13970; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 22:44:01 GMT Received: from pearl.aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id RAA13977; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 17:43:50 -0500 (EST) Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au ([138.7.37.12]) by pearl.aims.gov.au (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id IAA01230 for ; Mon, 1 Mar 1999 08:42:04 +1000 (EST) Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19990301084203.006ebf50@email.aims.gov.au> X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32) Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1999 08:42:03 +1100 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Doug Fenner Subject: worm Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Doug Fenner Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 106 Coralisters, Another web site telling how to get rid of the Happy99 worm is listed below. There are only about 4 steps to it, but if they don't make any sense, you need to find someone who can make sense of them. (in the meantime, don't send anyone e-mail to avoid spreading it further) Also, please alert people you have sent e-mail to since you got it and opened it, or it will continue to spread. I'm told you can't get a virus or worm from an e-mail, but you can get one from an attachment, if there is something executable in the attachment. Word documents now have an executable part of them. Virus check all attachments before opening them, don't open any attachment from someone you don't know. -Doug http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/venc/data/happy99.worm.html Douglas Fenner, Ph.D. Coral Taxonomist Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB No 3 Townsville MC Queensland 4810 Australia phone 07 4753 4241 e-mail: d.fenner@aims.gov.au web: http://www.aims.gov.au From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 1 00:41:59 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id AAA11493; Mon, 1 Mar 1999 00:41:57 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA17066; Mon, 1 Mar 1999 00:45:11 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma017054; Mon, 1 Mar 99 00:44:23 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id EAA15247; Mon, 1 Mar 1999 04:06:55 GMT Received: from turbo.kean.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id XAA15225; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 23:06:50 -0500 (EST) Received: from localhost (ckievman@localhost) by turbo.kean.edu (8.9.1b+Sun/8.9.1) with ESMTP id XAA27290 for ; Sun, 28 Feb 1999 23:02:20 -0500 (EST) Date: Sun, 28 Feb 1999 23:02:20 -0500 (EST) From: KIEVMAN To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: MERI Field Course & Scholarship for Coral Reef Research In-Reply-To: <199902191838.SAA14855@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: KIEVMAN Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 107 Please pardon the re-posting of this message. Our "server" inadvertently deleted our email address. Please respond to: CoralReef@turbo.kean.edu ****************************************************************** PLEASE POST MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE'S CORAL REEF FIELD COURSE IN THE CAYMAN ISLANDS The Marine Environmental Research Institute offers undergraduate and graduate field courses to introduce a variety of topics on coral reef environments. Topics include an introduction to coral reef systems, coral reef evolution and succession, and natural and anthropogenic impacts on reef ecosystems. Students have opportunities to become involved in small, short-term field research projects related to the coral reef system. Field course will take place in the Cayman Islands, during the last week of June 1999 and provide graduate (4 or 6 credits) or undergraduate credit (6 credits) through Kean University (a state university of New Jersey), Department of Geology and Meteorology. Students are accepted in the course without regard to race or gender. For additional information visit our web sites: http: //turbo.kean.edu/~meri/course1.html and //turbo.kean.edu/~Meri/Meri_Site/Default2.html MERI SCHOLARSHIP FOR CORAL REEF RESEARCH MERI Scholarship: One scholarship in the amount of $2500.00 will be awarded for the 1999 field course. The scholarship will pay for the expenses related to field research on coral reefs in the Cayman Islands and assist in the cost of college credit offered through Kean University, Department of Geology and Meteorology. Who: Female undergraduate and graduate students who are science majors are invited to apply. Students with a biological or geological background are encouraged to apply. Objective: To introduce college students to the coral reef system by involving them in field course and research opportunities. Application Deadline: Received by March 15, 1999. Application Requirements: Transcripts, application form, resume, 2 letters of recommendation (preferably from your professors). Application can be found at our Website: turbo.kean.edu/~meri/course1.html Submit to: Dr. Carrie M. Kievman, Marine Environmental Research Institute - Coral Reef Scholarship Committee, Kean University, Department of Geology and Meteorology, 1000 Morris Ave, Union, NJ 07083 Email: CoralReef@turbo.kean.edu From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 1 09:35:27 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id JAA15271; Mon, 1 Mar 1999 09:35:24 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA00020; Mon, 1 Mar 1999 09:38:37 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma029993; Mon, 1 Mar 99 09:37:52 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id MAA17833; Mon, 1 Mar 1999 12:45:54 GMT Date: Mon, 1 Mar 1999 12:45:54 GMT Message-Id: <199903011245.MAA17833@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: Coral-list Administrator To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Happy99.exe worm Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Coral-list Administrator Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 108 You can find out more information about the Happy99.exe virus at the following URL: http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/venc/data/happy99.worm.html Apparently, CORALations reads email via a Windows operating system, and that system was infected. The worm operates by detecting a send message from the host (Windows) operating system, then sends a uuencoded Happy99.exe document to the same recipient as the last send message went to. If you received the uuencoded message, just don't uudecode it and execute it--delete it! I would urge all coral-list subscribers to check their operating systems frequently for viruses, worms, etc. Sincerely yours, JCH coral-list administrator From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 1 12:25:58 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA19684; Mon, 1 Mar 1999 12:25:52 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA16971; Mon, 1 Mar 1999 12:28:43 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma016914; Mon, 1 Mar 99 12:28:13 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA19156; Mon, 1 Mar 1999 16:38:03 GMT Received: from zeus.zeus.cofc.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id LAA19160; Mon, 1 Mar 1999 11:37:57 -0500 (EST) Received: from elmo2.cofc.edu by zeus.zeus.cofc.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4) id KAA24649; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 10:30:43 -0500 Message-Id: <3.0.32.19990301114039.00cece14@zeus.cofc.edu> X-Sender: pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32) Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1999 11:40:45 -0800 To: Osha Gray Davidson , coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Phillip Dustan Subject: Re: Virus file: Happy99.exe Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Phillip Dustan Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 109 HAPPY99 IS A VIRUS FOR SURE. DO NOT RUN IT, DISINFECT YOUR MACHINE IF YOU HAVE. Phil Dustan >An attached file called Happy99.exe was just sent to this list. I'm pretty >sure it contains a computer virus. A like-named file was just received on >another list and infected some computers. The file Happy99.exe is a >program. As I understand it, no harm is done unless you open (or run) the >program itself. Deleting the file itself (not simply the E-mail message it >rode in on) gets rid of the problem. > >The file came on a message from "CORALations" bearing the subject line: >"RE: Acropora spp., endangered," dated 2/28/99. Please note that this >information is just to help you find the virus-bearing file and not to >place blame on CORALations, who, I'm sure, didn't know this file containted >a virus. > >Cheers, >Osha > > >Osha Gray Davidson >14 South Governor St. >Iowa City, IA 52240 USA > >Ph: 319-338-4778 >Fax: 319-338-8606 >osha@pobox.com >Scholar Affiliate, University of Iowa > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Phillip Dustan pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu Department of Biology www.cofc.edu/~coral College of Charleston Charleston SC 29424 (843) 953-8086 (843)953-5453 Fax From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 2 14:24:37 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA12956; Tue, 2 Mar 1999 14:24:34 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA04964; Tue, 2 Mar 1999 14:27:28 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma004908; Tue, 2 Mar 99 14:26:31 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA26017; Tue, 2 Mar 1999 18:04:32 GMT Received: from imo28.mx.aol.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id NAA26134; Tue, 2 Mar 1999 13:04:27 -0500 (EST) From: EricHugo@aol.com Received: from EricHugo@aol.com by imo28.mx.aol.com (IMOv19.3) id wJAKa02500; Tue, 2 Mar 1999 13:02:32 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <228b05ea.36dc27b8@aol.com> Date: Tue, 2 Mar 1999 13:02:32 EST To: delbeek@hawaii.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Mime-Version: 1.0 Subject: Re: Re: Acropora spp., endangered Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit X-Mailer: AOL 3.0.1 for Mac sub 78 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: EricHugo@aol.com Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 110 Hi Charles. <> I think Jamie outlined some good points in his previous post on this. While there may be geological evidence pointing to boom/bust cycles in various coral populations (and there is), the points brought out earlier I think are important: that is, that irrespective of natural catastrophe and influence, the anthropogenic influence of many factors seems unrelenting. There have been many papers which have investigated long and short term damage resulting from various natural factors, and, while occasionally catastrophic and reefs are largely lost, the majority seem to show slow or even surprisingly quick recovery given proper conditions. However, recovery in stressed or injured animals is remarkably less as energy is allocated to repair. I cannot really see what harm placing A. palmata and A. cervicornis under ESA guidelines would do, as these stressed communities could potentially benefit from any and all action on their behalf. What concerns me (besides the fact I miss seeing vast thickets of Acropora in the Caribbean) is the reef accretion rate without these reef builders. Unlike Pacific reefs, there are fewer species which can grow at the rate or in the conditions tolerated by these two species than in the Pacific. With bioerosion, continued anthropogenic stress, and natural disasters (which, arguably, may worsen in the future), will the next in line reef-builders like Montastrea and Porites be able to keep up? Looking at the listing of some of the others (Dendrogyra cylindrus, etc.), can Caribbean reefs keep up? Only coralline algae ridges to come? ESA won't do a thing to prevent Gaia's wrath, but there is quite a difference between the natural cycles of disturbance and the continuing long term stress on the these reefs. One thing I have noticed when such debates occur is that there is much "voire- diring" about whether proposed solutions are ideal or optimal...they rarely are. However, in the meantime, the habitat continues to suffer while the debate continues. Perhaps actions which protect the habitat should be implemented, even if not panacaeic, while better solutions are being worked on? Nor am I particularly convinced that a spawn releasing (hypothetically) one billion gametes is enough. Consider an equally hypothetical 1% successful fertilization, 1% settlement success, and a 1% chance of living past the juvenile stage. Then consider that 95% of these corals are lost (being lost) due to disease/stress/injury/predation, bioerosion, competition, etc. As was mentioned, recruitment is not keeping up, so I think its more than a case of the "warm and fuzzies". Ordinarily, one could expect for fragmentation to make up some ground, but there aren't enough colonies around to make this of significant value...hence the reason why these species are now considered for ESA protection. The potential for these animals to recover and survive mass mortality is certainly there if conditions are ideal....but they aren't. Not that I am bringing up any particularly earth shattering points here, but it would seem that the loss of these key species is of particular importance to reefs, and I cannot see why all efforts to protect them shouldn't be supported. There is not really any economic value placed on them due to rigorous anti-collection protocol (as you brought up), and hence no real force towards *not* implementing protective legislation. Thus, arguably, their most important economic value is in their continued presence for recreational/tourism reasons and supporting the lower end of sport/food fish webs (and, of course, their intrinsic value to the reef itself and to the continued grants for studying the reasons for their mortality ) I do, however, totally agree that efforts on the part of the public and private aquaria arena could (perhaps surprisingly) support some captive grow- out for replenishment. I have long thought that Caribbean species should be available for such efforts with careful and moderated collection. Eric Borneman From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 2 18:33:29 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id SAA17489; Tue, 2 Mar 1999 18:33:27 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA20245; Tue, 2 Mar 1999 18:36:42 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma020233; Tue, 2 Mar 99 18:36:32 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA01475; Tue, 2 Mar 1999 22:57:51 GMT Date: Tue, 2 Mar 1999 22:57:51 GMT Message-Id: <199903022257.WAA01475@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: "NOAA's Coral Health and Monitoring Program" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: New CHAMP Literature Update! Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "NOAA's Coral Health and Monitoring Program" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 111 I am very happy to announce that our NOAA/AOML Librarian, Linda Pikula (pikula@aoml.noaa.gov), has painstakingly, and at no minor cost, compiled an extensive list of literature references pertaining to coral health and monitoring from 1996 through most of 1998. At this time we have the literature citations only, but hope to have abstracts soon. At the CHAMP Home Page (www.coral.noaa.gov), click on "Literature" then on "New CHAMP Literature Server" to search the database. I'm afraid this database is on a very old PC server (in fact, the computer that ran the original 1992 "CoralFax" service, the precursor to the CHAMP Program), so your search may run a little slow. We're hoping to be able to obtain a more up-to-date and powerful server in the future. If you have submitted abstracts to us before, please be patient. We will update the database as soon as we can. I'm afraid we're a little shorthanded. We hope you are able to use this new source of knowledge in your coral reef work. THANKS, Linda, for a job super well-done! Cheers, Jim Hendee CHAMP Administrator From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 3 10:25:44 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA24291; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 10:25:36 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA18278; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 10:28:53 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma018245; Wed, 3 Mar 99 10:28:15 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA05382; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 14:38:13 GMT Message-Id: <199903031438.OAA05382@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Tue, 2 Mar 1999 12:49:28 +1100 From: Gert Jan Gast To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Panama ref list offered Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Gert Jan Gast Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 112 Hi all, I have (on request) typed all the references of the Panama Proceedings into an EndNotePlus (W98, version 3.0) and figured that as this isn't all that interesting an activity, I'd spare you the trouble: drop me a mail and I'll send the file as attachment. Also available are Text (.txt) and RichText (.rtf) copies with one field (author, year, title, etc) per line for people who want to try to import it into other literature programs. Mac users with EndNote should be able to import this file. I'll try BinHex encoding. Jim Hendee and Gina Morisseau-Leroy have posted the text file on the NOAA CHAMP homepage: http://www.coral.noaa.gov/bib/Proc8ICRS.html I checked the refs, but there are certainly still some errors. Please let me know if you find any. I will collect those and send errata. Could the organisers of future symposia, meetings, etc. consider to place the proceeding refs on a web page in format of most commonly used bibliography programs? That would be very nice! Good luck, GJ =============================================== Dr. Gert Jan Gast This email address will not change. 5 Sycamore Street Pimlico, QLD 4812 Australia Phone int 61 (0)7 47 255 220 is likely to be temporary. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 3 10:25:44 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA24291; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 10:25:36 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA18278; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 10:28:53 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma018245; Wed, 3 Mar 99 10:28:15 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA05382; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 14:38:13 GMT Message-Id: <199903031438.OAA05382@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Tue, 2 Mar 1999 12:49:28 +1100 From: Gert Jan Gast To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Panama ref list offered Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Gert Jan Gast Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 113 Hi all, I have (on request) typed all the references of the Panama Proceedings into an EndNotePlus (W98, version 3.0) and figured that as this isn't all that interesting an activity, I'd spare you the trouble: drop me a mail and I'll send the file as attachment. Also available are Text (.txt) and RichText (.rtf) copies with one field (author, year, title, etc) per line for people who want to try to import it into other literature programs. Mac users with EndNote should be able to import this file. I'll try BinHex encoding. Jim Hendee and Gina Morisseau-Leroy have posted the text file on the NOAA CHAMP homepage: http://www.coral.noaa.gov/bib/Proc8ICRS.html I checked the refs, but there are certainly still some errors. Please let me know if you find any. I will collect those and send errata. Could the organisers of future symposia, meetings, etc. consider to place the proceeding refs on a web page in format of most commonly used bibliography programs? That would be very nice! Good luck, GJ =============================================== Dr. Gert Jan Gast This email address will not change. 5 Sycamore Street Pimlico, QLD 4812 Australia Phone int 61 (0)7 47 255 220 is likely to be temporary. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 3 10:36:05 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA24533; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 10:36:01 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA19059; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 10:38:58 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma018982; Wed, 3 Mar 99 10:38:10 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA05798; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 14:55:04 GMT Date: Wed, 3 Mar 1999 14:55:04 GMT Message-Id: <199903031455.OAA05798@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: "NOAA's CHAMP" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Correcton: New CHAMP Literature Server Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "NOAA's CHAMP" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 114 My mistake--there are apparently about 425 articles ranging from 1980 through 1998 on the new literature server. We hope to update this in the future, depending on how things progress. Cheers, jch Re: ~~~~~~~~ From: NOAA's Coral Health and Monitoring Program To: coral-list Subject: New CHAMP Literature Update! I am very happy to announce that our NOAA/AOML Librarian, Linda Pikula (pikula@aoml.noaa.gov), has painstakingly, and at no minor cost, compiled an extensive list of literature references pertaining to coral health and monitoring from 1996 through most of 1998. At this time we have the literature citations only, but hope to have abstracts soon. At the CHAMP Home Page (www.coral.noaa.gov), click on "Literature" then on "New CHAMP Literature Server" to search the database. I'm afraid this database is on a very old PC server (in fact, the computer that ran the original 1992 "CoralFax" service, the precursor to the CHAMP Program), so your search may run a little slow. We're hoping to be able to obtain a more up-to-date and powerful server in the future. If you have submitted abstracts to us before, please be patient. We will update the database as soon as we can. I'm afraid we're a little shorthanded. We hope you are able to use this new source of knowledge in your coral reef work. THANKS, Linda, for a job super well-done! Cheers, Jim Hendee CHAMP Administrator From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 3 10:52:54 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA24922; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 10:53:11 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA20136; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 10:56:07 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma020114; Wed, 3 Mar 99 10:56:01 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA05523; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 14:45:13 GMT Date: Wed, 3 Mar 1999 14:45:13 GMT Message-Id: <199903031445.OAA05523@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Serge Andrefouet Subject: Landsat images Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Serge Andrefouet Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 115 The launch date for Landsat 7 (L7) satellite may still have some degree of fluidity but is planned now for APRIL 15 1999. One of the missions of L7 is to provide images for the NASA Long Term Acquisition Plan (LTAP) to support scientific research, with ideally the acquisition of at least 200 images per day over various and varying areas of the globe for downloading to the US (Foreign Ground Stations may collect additional data of course). Images will be available at a low cost (less than $300/scene). The earth observing instrument on L7, the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), replicates the capabilities of the Thematic Mapper instruments on Landsats 4 and 5*. The ETM+ also includes new features that make it a more versatile and efficient instrument for global change studies, land cover monitoring and assessment, and large area mapping than its design forebears. Landsat 7 and ETM+ characteristics are : Number of Bands: 8 Spectral Range(microns): Band 1: .45 to .515 Band 2: .525 to .605 Band 3: .63 to .690 Band 4: .75 to .90 Band 5: 1.55 to 1.75 Band 6: 10.40 to 12.5 (Thermal infra-red channel) Band 7: 2.09 to 2.35 Band 8 (Panchromatic): .52 to .90 Ground Resolution (meters) Band 1: 30 m Band 2: 30 m Band 3: 30 m Band 4: 30 m Band 5: 30 m Band 6: 60 m Band 7: 30 m Band 8: 15 m Swath width:185 kilometers Repeat coverage interval:16 days (233 orbits) Altitude:705 kilometers Quantization:Best 8 of 9 bits On-board data storage:~375 Gb (solid state) Inclination:Sun-synchronous, 98.2 degrees Equatorial crossing:Descending node; 10:00am +/- 15 min. Launch vehicle:Delta II Launch date:April 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ For the moment, the highest priorities of the LTAP acquisitions are for the United-States, and selected land targets elsewhere. The goal is to obtain quasi-global, seasonal coverage. Several coastal zones worldwide are already integrated in the LTAP dataset. They may include reefs areas that can be studied using typically the bands 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8. To improve the coverage of coral reefs zones, 35 specific targets reefs were recently added to the list of potential sites. However, coverage of these sites is by no means guaranteed and an increase in their priorities is required! The aim of this mail is to signal to the community of coral reef researcher that their site of study can be added to the LTAP database For this, we need: 1/ the location of your area (lat/long) to check if it is already in a coastal LTAP zone or if it can be one of the new 35 sites (especially dedicated to remote oceanic places) 2/ a short description of your projects, including: - a short scientific history of the site (references of previous studies will be enough) - objectives, - schedules, - names of the scientists and institutes that are involved in the project - your plans to use remote sensing data (mapping, change detection, catastrophic assessment=85) We understand that some applications, related to catastrophic impacts for example (cyclones, lagoon blooms, bleaching=85) can not be described as scheduled projects , but if a site is a LTAP site, it will be easier to get reference images that will be completed by images during or just after the events. The monitoring sites, whatever the organization (ICRI, GCRMN, CARICOMP, ReefCheck,=85), are of course suitable for LTAP. Defining high sensitive areas will also help to improve the priority for coral reef acquisition. Because of the imminence of the launch of L7, its software will be frozen in few weeks. The definition of these 35 sites needs to be done very quickly. So, people interested by images for their projects are encouraged to response to this offer, ideally during the next week (-> before 9th March). For further questions and for application, you can answer directly to carbon@marine.usf.edu or serge@carbon.marine.usf.edu An assessment of all the answers and the proposition to the Landsat program for the final LTAP dataset will be mailed later on the Coral-List. Cheers, Serge Andrefouet Serge Andrefouet Department of Marine Science Remote Sensing/ Biological Oceanography University of South Florida =20 140, 7th Av. South =20 St Petersburg=20 FL 33701 phone: (727) 553-1186 fax: (727) 553-1103 E-mail: serge@carbon.marine.usf.edu From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 3 12:36:03 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA26836; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 12:36:00 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA29514; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 12:39:16 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma029500; Wed, 3 Mar 99 12:39:08 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA06486; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 16:48:47 GMT Received: from kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id LAA06491; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 11:48:36 -0500 (EST) Received: by kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2448.0) id ; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 11:46:50 -0500 Message-ID: <4D333629EC74D211A0F900104B79C72D0AF9FC@miami-1.wins.lawco.com> From: "Precht,Bill" To: "Jamie D. Bechtel" , coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, lesk@bio.bu.edu Subject: RE: Acropora spp., endangered ? Date: Wed, 3 Mar 1999 11:46:31 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2448.0) Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Precht,Bill" Status: RO X-Status: A X-Keywords: X-UID: 116 Dear list: For what its worth, just a few comments (in a question - answer format) about the spirited Acropora debate. Q.- Should Acropora spp. be considered for listing? A. - YES Q. - What's the evidence for this? A.- In most US waters (Caribbean & western Atlantic), Acropora populations have been drastically reduced by a number of factors (disease, storms, bleaching, predation, etc...) over the course of the last two decades. This is especially pronounced for Acropora cervicornis. Q. - Is this reduction just part of natural boom-bust cycles in the local populations. Walt Japp makes some good points about the volatility of Acropora populations in Florida. A. - Yes, Acropora populations are very volatile. However, the recent declines are not just confined to local populations within individual reefs or reef areas, but have impacted essentially all Acropora populations throughout the region. This includes reef areas far from population sources and major anthropogenic impacts. Belize, Bonaire, Jamaica, the Bahamas, Florida, etc... have all shown similar declines over roughly the same period of time. Florida reefs have been especially impacted. In addition, recent geologic evidence strongly points to the fact that a "regional" decline in acroporid populations is without historical precedence in the Quaternary. Q. - Okay, so some Acropora populations have diminished, but there are still some pretty good stands of Acropora spp. here and there. Why should we list a species that is still locally abundant in some areas? A. - Your right, there are some pretty good stands of Acropora here and there, especially A. palmata. The main point being "here and there". Unfortunately, there aren't that many "here and there's" anymore. As compared to 20-30 years ago even these large stands are greatly reduced in size and number. This is based on both solid data and anecdotal evidence. In addition, even in these large stands, very few are "healthy"; that is they show a high incidence of partial mortality. For instance, one of the most beautiful and most luxuriant stands of A. palmata (just two years ago) was off Goulding Cay (southwest tip of New Providence Island, Bahamas). Many of these corals (over 50%) have died within the last year due to the 1998 bleaching event, white-band disease epizootics, and predation by mobile fauna. Many of these corals are now standing dead in-situ. This scene is being played over and over again throughout the region. It should be noted that this same reef at Goulding Cay was renowned for its prolific stands and thickets of A. cervicornis. This reef was used as a backdrop for numerous u/w scenes in films, including some James Bonds flicks. Stuart Cove the local dive operator there told me that ~ 99% of this staghorn vanished in the early to mid-1980's. Now it seems as though the A. palmata is imperiled there as well. Q. - Well you've convinced me that the acroporids are at risk (maybe). How would implementing the E & T Species Act help here? Aren't the scleractinia are already protected in US waters by a host of various regulations and statutes? A. - The present regulations protect corals from harvest and/or destruction in place (i.e. ship-groundings, anchor damage, etc...) Although illegal coral collection by reef poachers is still common and problematic, the E & T Act goes one step further in that it helps protect the habitat in which that species lives. This is done by designating "critical habitat" for a particular E & T species. Also, additional layers of legal protection are common with E & T species. For instance, The Bald Eagle is protected by the Migratory Bird Act, as well as the E & T Act, plus individual State Statutes. Having an additional layer of protection and the legal ramifications that go with it (violation of the E & T Act is very serious business) will not just help the acroporids but all corals living in association with them. Q. - It may be determined that only local populations of acroporids are at risk. If so, why place the whole lot on the list? A. - If this is determined to be the case (based on population data), then there are numerous options available. This includes the listing of a species as "a species of special concern" (i.e. the Burrowing Owl in Florida). Another option, would be (as Jamie Bechtel noted) to list only a local population as E or T. For instance "All Acropora spp. in the waters of Florida" or "All A. cervicornis in US Territorial waters" or "All acroporid species in US waters with exception of A. palmata in Florida" and so on. The E & T Species Act even protects species because of their similarity with other like species. For example, the Florida alligator is protected because of its similarity with the American Crocodile, an endangered species. Q. - Will placing the Acropora spp. on the list make getting scientific permits for collecting coral specimens more difficult. A. - It should not affect those who have just reasons for sampling (permits are already required for work/research in the Florida Keys), and it will certainly deter the unnecessary collection and sampling of these corals. Well, this is my spin on some of the stuff that has been going around for the last couple of weeks. Hope this helps. By the by, Rich Aronson and I recently completed a ms. on the history & volitility of the Acropora spp. as well as on their recent, regional demise. I would be more than happy to furnish copies of this in-press ms. to any that request it. "Men with the muckrake are often indispensable to the well-being of society, but only if they know when to stop raking the muck." Theodore Roosevelt 1906 William F. Precht Natural Resources Manager LAW Engineering & Environmental Services, Inc. 5845 NW 158th Street Miami Lakes, FL 33014 ph (305) 826-5588 x206 fax (305) 826-1799 > -----Original Message----- > From: Jamie D. Bechtel [SMTP:warrior@bu.edu] > Sent: Sunday, February 28, 1999 6:06 AM > To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; lesk@bio.bu.edu > Subject: Acropora spp., endangered -legal background > > hello all - i have been following the debate with some interest and > thought > some background information may be helpful. there is an excellent article > discussing the role of science in the listing of endangered species. > Bogert, Laurence Michael "That's my story and i'm sticking to it: is the > best available science any available science under the endangered species > act." 31 Idaho Law Review 85 (1994). > > despite some recent flexibility mechanisms built into the ESA, it remains > a > strong legislative tool. the endangered species act (ESA) is unique in > terms of environmental legislation in that it contains a flat, > substanative > prohibition. weighing heavily in favor of the application of the > endangered > species act is the fact that, beyond a shadow of doubt, congress intended > to grant high priority status to endangered species. consequently, the > ESA > remains a strong legislative tool and is upheld uniformily and > consistently > in district courts. > > Sec. 7 of the ESA supplies much of the force of the ESA in "insur[ing] > that actions authorized, funded, or carried out by [federal deptarments > and > agencies] do not jeapardize the continued existence of such endangered > species and threatended species or result in the destruction or > modification of habitat of such species which is determined by the > Secretary, after consultation as appropriate with the affected States, to > be critical". > > in short, if a project will cause harm to an endangered species, that > project can likely be brought to a relatively quick halt. > > 1n 1995, sec 9 (regarding illegal taking species w/i the US and the > territorial sea) of the ESA won its day in court. the supreme court > allowed the definition of "harm" to include "significant habitat > modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by > significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, > feeding, or sheltering (babbit v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a > Great Oregon, S. Ct. US 1995) > > it should be noted that, while application of the ESA is unlikely (not > impossible) to improve current water quality and habitat conditions, it > could go along way in preventing further decline(although some interesting > battles are coming up with regards to language in the esa to promote > conservation of species). the law was not designed to determine protective > measures for different reproductive behaviors. it is likely that we do not > need to consider recruitment fitness. (criteria listed below) > > it should also be noted that in determining whether a population is > threatened, it need not be threatened globally, but throughout a portion > of > its range. many examples exist, such as the protection of the bald eagle > in US domestic populations despite a thriving population in Alaska. > distinct population segments can be protected. this arguement is likely to > be stronger when additional populations occur outside US states and > territories but are threatened within the US. > > the esa also allows critical habitat to be protected - slightly more > complicated to achieve but based on an endangered species listing. > > the application of esa relies solely on the "best scientific and > commercial > data available." the act allows that listing of a species as endangered or > threatend follows certain criteria: if the species experiences 1. present > or threatened destruction or modification of its habitat or range. 2. > overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific, or education > purposes 3. disease/predation 4. inadequacy of existing regulatory > mechanism or other natural or manmade factors affect its continued > existence > > listing of an organmism that is not truly endangered can be extremely > dangerous in providing fuel for politicians and industry trying to bring > an > end to the act. > > final thoughts, the legal arena is constantly changing and many questions > regarding application of the ESA remain untested until they appear in > court. > > one thought permeating the legal environment is the idea that scientist > don't agree on any thing and data is untrustworthy. unfortunately, a few > bad apples etc... however, as a scientist interacting in the legal > community, i find it disheartening to have to constantly defend the > workings of the scientific community. any suggestions on how to begin > dispelling the myth and providing explanation? > > hope this information is helpful - > > cheers, > jamie > > __________________________________________________________________________ > __ > ________ > > Jamie D. Bechtel Jamie D. Bechtel > Boston University Boston College > School of Law > Graduate School of Biology 885 Centre Street > > 5 Cummington Street Newton, MA 02159 > Boston, MA 02215 From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 3 16:06:55 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id QAA03344; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 16:06:52 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA17123; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 16:09:47 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma016966; Wed, 3 Mar 99 16:08:57 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id UAA07716; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 20:23:58 GMT Message-Id: <199903032023.UAA07716@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Wed, 3 Mar 1999 12:52:17 -0500 (EST) From: Les Kaufman To: "Precht,Bill" cc: "Jamie D. Bechtel" , coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: RE: Acropora spp., endangered ? Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Les Kaufman Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 117 Acropora cervicornis, prolifera, and palmata would in my estimation qualify for a "vulnerable" or higher listing, possibly as high as endangered, in accordance with IUCN criteria after Mace et al. Les Kaufman Boston University Marine Program lesk@bio.bu.edu 617-353-5560 office 617-353-6965 lab 617-353-6340 fax From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 3 17:33:36 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id RAA04638; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 17:33:34 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA22948; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 17:36:30 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma022893; Wed, 3 Mar 99 17:36:08 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id VAA08226; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 21:59:03 GMT Received: from carbon.marine.usf.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id QAA08234; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 16:58:58 -0500 (EST) Received: from coral.marine.usf.edu (aves.marine.usf.edu [198.116.54.180]) by carbon.marine.usf.edu (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with SMTP id QAA16533 for ; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 16:57:15 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <3.0.6.32.19990303165607.007efcd0@carbon.marine.usf.edu> X-Sender: serge@carbon.marine.usf.edu X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.6 (32) Date: Wed, 03 Mar 1999 16:56:07 -0500 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Serge Andrefouet Subject: Landsat images: FAQ and more details Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Serge Andrefouet Status: RO X-Status: A X-Keywords: X-UID: 118 Hello everybody, May be the first message for Landsat LTAP project was not so clear because many people are asking for the same precisions. First, 35 reefs sites were recently added to the list, but they are not assigned already to specific reefs. The 35 reefs will be finally selected according to your requests. For the moment, they just appear as "reef" in the list. Second, some of your sites may be already in a coastal area which appear elsewhere in the list, which is sorted by Country. For example: for France, the LTAP list include 8 images for New-Caledonia. These images may include reef areas. When we receive your request, we chek if the location of your site is not already included in the LTAP list, as a coastal area. If yes, we do not add your site to the 35 specific reef sites but we put a "reef flag" to try to increase the priority of this coastal area. If not, we add your site to the potential 35 specific reef sites. Third: for United States reefs (Hawaii, Florida Keys, Puerto Rico,...): most of them are already included in the LTAP list because USA is completely covered by LTAP, and USA has the highest priority. Anyway, signal us your reefs, because inside USA, reefs have low priority. Four: Ideally, all the sites of the LTAP list will be covered at least one time a year, whatever their priority. I apologize if I do not answer individually to each message. I do if necessary, but I rather try to give precisions that can be useful for everybody directly on the coral-list. Bye Serge Serge Andrefouet Department of Marine Science Remote Sensing/ Biological Oceanography University of South Florida 140, 7th Av. South St Petersburg FL 33701 phone: (727) 553-1186 fax: (727) 553-1103 E-mail: serge@carbon.marine.usf.edu From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 3 17:41:23 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id RAA04753; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 17:41:17 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA23332; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 17:44:34 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma023316; Wed, 3 Mar 99 17:44:12 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA08315; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 22:14:28 GMT Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id RAA08333; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 17:14:22 -0500 (EST) Received: from default (ppp214.197dip.netdial.caribe.net [209.91.197.214]) by mail.caribe.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with ESMTP id SAA09918 for ; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 18:14:51 -0400 (AST) Message-Id: <199903032214.SAA09918@mail.caribe.net> From: "CORALations" To: "Coral-List" Date: Wed, 3 Mar 1999 18:10:06 -0400 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "CORALations" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 119 Dear Listers...... Just returned from Clean Water Network meeting in Washington to discover my computer was infected with a "worm" virus...picked this up from our local listing...did not realize I was infected when I sent comments to the coral listers..... Mary Ann Lucking CORALations From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 3 19:31:50 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id TAA05574; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 19:31:35 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA27718; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 19:34:31 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma027708; Wed, 3 Mar 99 19:34:18 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id XAA08729; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 23:49:29 GMT Received: from cuda.jcu.edu.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id SAA08714; Wed, 3 Mar 1999 18:49:20 -0500 (EST) Received: from mb4802-c.jcu.edu.au ([137.219.41.185]) by cuda.jcu.edu.au (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id JAA29780 for ; Thu, 4 Mar 1999 09:47:27 +1000 (EST) Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.19990304000619.006da7ec@pop.jcu.edu.au> X-Sender: sci-ahb@pop.jcu.edu.au X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (32) Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Thu, 04 Mar 1999 10:06:19 +1000 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Andrew Baird Subject: panama refs: Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Andrew Baird Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 120 three cheers for Gert. Aint altruism a fine thing! I have another comment for organisers of future proceeding. Could the organisers arrange to have the abstracts listed in one of the relevant abstracting services such as Aquatic Science and Fisheries Abstract or Current Contents. Some of the Proceedings appear in ASFA, but not those after 1988, as far as I am aware. Andrew Baird phone 61 7 47814802 Department of Marine Biology fax 61 7 47251570 James Cook University email andrew.baird@jcu.edu.au Townsvill Qld 4811 From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 4 11:38:10 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA13929; Thu, 4 Mar 1999 11:38:15 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA01148; Thu, 4 Mar 1999 11:40:55 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma001112; Thu, 4 Mar 99 11:40:05 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA12730; Thu, 4 Mar 1999 15:14:27 GMT Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id KAA12748; Thu, 4 Mar 1999 10:14:20 -0500 (EST) Received: from default (ppp147.197dip.netdial.caribe.net [209.91.197.147]) by mail.caribe.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with ESMTP id LAA26077 for ; Thu, 4 Mar 1999 11:14:45 -0400 (AST) Message-Id: <199903041514.LAA26077@mail.caribe.net> From: "CORALations" To: "Coral-List" Subject: Fw: I'm Clean Date: Thu, 4 Mar 1999 11:10:01 -0400 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "CORALations" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 122 ---------- > > SORRY ABOUT HAPPY 99.....Did not know I had it or I was sending it... > I followed these instructions to remove it.... > Thought I better not send it as an attachment! > Mary Ann > > Read anything - execute NOTHING!! This is the key. If the file has > (NAME OF FILE) .EXE . . .DO NOT CLICK ON IT -THIS IS A COMMAND FILE TO > EXECUTE A PROGRAM. > Here are the guts for Happy > This virus is attached to newsgroup and e-mail messages as an > attachment called Happy99.exe. You cannot get infected with this virus > just by reading a newsgroup or e-mail message. You have to execute the > attachment. Almost always, the person who sent it does not know that they > are sending it out. It does not show up in their Outbox. If you didn't > execute the attachment, you can just delete it and move on. If you > execute an infected attachment, it will display a firework display. It > will create two files in the Windows System folder, SKA.EXE and SKA.DLL. > SKA.EXE will be a copy of HAPPY99.EXE. It will copy the original > WSOCK32.DLL to WSOCK32.SKA. Then it will modify WSOCK32.DLL without > changing its size so it will try to run SKA.DLL while posting to Usenet > and sending E-Mail. The SKA.DLL file will silently attach HAPPY99.EXE to > a second copy of outgoing newsgroup and e-mail messages with a barely > noticable delay. This second copy will have the same subject and > recipient, but it will have an empty body. The outgoing message will > contain the header > X-Spanska: Yes but this is normally not visible. > > It does not modify any other file besides WSOCK32.DLL. WSOCK32.DLL is a > regular part of Windows that provides a connnection to the Internet. > If it is unable to modify WSOCK32.DLL, then it will add SKA.EXE to the > RunOnce section of the registry and WSOCK32.DLL will be modified next > time the computer starts. It will still create WSOCK32.SKA even if it is > unable to modify WSOCK32.DLL. This virus will keep a list of message > recipients in the file LISTE.SKA in the Windows System folder. > It will try not to send the Happy99.exe file twice to the same person. > > This virus does not steal passwords, as some sources have reported. It > does not contain any payload other than the fireworks display. However, > it could overload an e-mail server if a lot of copies get passed around. > Also, since it gets passed along a lot, a different virus could attach > to HAPPY99.EXE somewhere along the way. Without SKA.DLL and SKA.EXE, the > modified WSOCK32.DLL cannot perform any viral action. > However using a modified WSOCK32.DLL could cause problems while on the > Internet. The most common problem that has been reported is invalid page > faults, but these can have other causes. Restoring the original > WSOCK32.DLL will correct these problems. > > This virus does not affect Macs, DOS, Windows 3.x, OS/2, Linux or > WebTV. However, someone using one of those could pass it along > manually, for example by forwarding the message. Under Windows NT it will > create SKA.EXE, SKA.DLL, and WSOCK32.SKA but will fail to add itself to > the registry or modify WSOCK32.DLL. If you have NT, you don't have to > follow the removal steps; you can simply delete SKA.DLL and SKA.EXE from > inside Windows NT if you would like. > > Some people have asked whether it is always called HAPPY99.EXE. This > virus doesn't contain any code to change the name. However, it would be > simple for a person to change it to anything they like. > > It contains the encrypted text: "Is it a virus, a worm, a trojan? > MOUT-MOUT Hybrid (c) Spanska 1999." > > Spanska is the alias of a virus writer who has written several other > viruses. > > Removal ; > > Steps marked optional are not absolutely necessary and are completely > safe to skip. If you're not comfortable with DOS, get someone > knowledgable to help you with this. These steps should be safe, even > under unexpected circumstances, but I can't make guarantees. Perform > these at your own risk. If you have Windows NT, you don't have to follow > the removal steps. > > 1.Click Start, then Shut Down, then "Restart Computer in MS-DOS > mode", then click Yes. It's important to exit Windows in order to be > able to replace the file WSOCK32.DLL which Windows normally has in > use. > 2.At the DOS prompt type this exactly and press enter at the end of > each line: > CD \WINDOWS\SYSTEM > > If that doesn't work, try > CD SYSTEM > > 3.Delete SKA.EXE and SKA.DLL by typing > DEL SKA.EXE > DEL SKA.DLL > > If you get "File not found" you're either not infected or in the > wrong directory. Make sure you're in your Windows System directory; check > to see if you followed step 2 exactly. > > 4.Copy WSOCK32.SKA to WSOCK32.DLL by typing > ATTRIB -R WSOCK32.DLL > COPY WSOCK32.SKA WSOCK32.DLL > > Answer "Yes" if it asks if you want to overwrite WSOCK32.DLL. > Explanation: WSOCK32.SKA is a backup of the original > WSOCK32.DLL. You are replacing the modified DLL with the > original. If you get a "Sharing violation" make sure you followed > step 1. > 5.Optional Delete WSOCK32.SKA by typing > DEL WSOCK32.SKA > You can leave WSOCK32.SKA on your system. It is a copy of your > original WSOCK32.DLL Do not delete WSOCK32.SKA if you are unable to > replace WSOCK32.DLL with WSOCK32.SKA. > > 6.Return to Windows by typing > EXIT > > 7.Optional Click Start, then Run, then type regedit in the text box, > then click OK. Click HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, then Software, then > Microsoft, then Windows, then CurrentVersion. Under RunOnce check for > SKA.EXE and select it if it is there. Press delete and then click Yes. > Close Regedit. Don't change anything else without making a backup of the > registry first. If you don't find SKA.EXE in the registry, it doesn't > mean you're not infected. SKA.EXE is only added to the registry if > HAPPY99.EXE is unable to modify WSOCK32.DLL when you run it. Also, > you'll only find it in the registry if you haven't rebooted since you > ran HAPPY99.EXE. > > ...Optional: Choose Start, Programs, Accessories, Notepad, choose File, > then Open then type C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\LISTE.SKA in the File Name box. > Warn the people on the list, then delete LISTE.SKA. Make it clear to > the people you warn that they won't be infected unless they ran > happy99.exe, to avoid alarming them unnecessarily. If you haven't sent > out any infected e-mails, there won't be a LISTE.SK A. > 9.Optional Delete the HAPPY99.EXE file. The location of > HAPPY99.EXE will vary depending on where you saved it. You can > delete it simply by dragging it to the Recycle Bin from within > Windows or whatever method you prefer. You may still have some > messages with HAPPY99.EXE attached in your mailbox. These > cannot do anything unless you run them. You can delete them if you > want to or just ignore them. > 10.Optional If you aren't sure whether WSOCK32.DLL is infected, > choose Start, then Find, then "Files or Folders". Then type > WSOCK32.DLL in the "Named" box. In the "Look in" box choose drive > C: or whatever drive you have Windows on. In the "Containing Text" box > type "ska.dll" without the quotes. Then click "Find Now". If you don't > find any files, that means that wsock32.dll isn't the modified > version. If you don't have the modified WSOCK32.DLL, the virus has no > way to attach to e-mails, even if you have SKA.EXE, SKA.DLL and > WSOCK32.SKA in the Windows System folder. If you have SKA.EXE in the > RunOnce registry section, and you haven't deleted SKA.EXE, then the > virus will try to modify WSOCK32.DLL the next time you restart the > computer. > ... If you're having trouble with the removal, make > sure you're following the steps exactly. Make sure you type the > instructions exactly including spaces and punctuation. You might ant to > print out the removal instructions so you have something to refer to. If > you're having trouble with the DOS commands, get a local person to help > you with them. > > > > --------- End forwarded message ---------- > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 4 15:07:50 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id PAA18371; Thu, 4 Mar 1999 15:07:47 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA21894; Thu, 4 Mar 1999 15:11:04 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma021866; Thu, 4 Mar 99 15:10:20 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id TAA11814; Thu, 4 Mar 1999 19:08:27 GMT Received: from linus.ngs.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id OAA11822; Thu, 4 Mar 1999 14:08:21 -0500 (EST) Received: from ocean.nos.noaa.gov (ocean.nos.noaa.gov [140.90.168.102]) by linus.ngs.noaa.gov (8.8.6 (PHNE_17135)/8.8.6) with SMTP id OAA10761 for ; Thu, 4 Mar 1999 14:01:13 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Date: 4 Mar 1999 14:08:09 -0500 From: "Haskell, Ben" Subject: Sanctuary No-Take Zone Performance To: "Coral list" X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP for Quarterdeck Mail; Version 4.1.0 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Haskell, Ben" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id PAA18371 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 123 For immediate release March 4, 1999 U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service Marine Sanctuaries Division Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary CONTACT: Cheva Heck Ben Haskell (305) 292-0311 (305)743-2437, ext. 25 First-Year Results Show Sanctuary No-Take Zones Beginning to Change Fish and Lobster Populations Marathon -- After their first full year of protection, the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary's 23 no-take zones are showing signs of restoring spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) and fish populations, according to results from the long-term zone monitoring program. In July of 1997, the sanctuary established a pioneering marine zoning program that includes three types of no-take zones: eighteen small sanctuary preservation areas, four special use areas and an ecological reserve. The zones comprise less than one percent of the sanctuary but protect much of its critical coral reef habitat. That same year, the sanctuary initiated a five-year zone monitoring program looking at changes in ecosystem function and populations of key species. "We are surprised how quickly animal populations are responding to these no-take zones. It's probably a good indication of the intense exploitation pressure they are under. We're looking forward to many more surprises from these zones over the coming years," said Ben Haskell, sanctuary science coordinator. Carrollyn Cox and John Hunt of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection used teams of divers to compare lobster populations in fifteen sanctuary no-take areas with reference sites open to fishing. The divers found significantly more legal lobsters (carapace length greater than 76 millimeters) in no-take areas during both study years, 1997 and 1998. In 1997, Cox and Hunt found that the size of legal lobsters was the same in no-take areas and reference sites. But by 1998, lobsters in the no-take areas that exceeded legal size were significantly larger than legal lobsters in reference sites. First-year results from a second lobster study provide additional evidence of increased abundance and size in the no-take areas. The sentinel lobster fishery project used a commercial fisherman fishing traditional trap gear to compare lobster populations in Western Sambo Ecological Reserve with populations in Middle Sambo and Pelican Shoal, nearby areas that are open to fishing. Results from 1998 indicate that lobsters were significantly larger and more abundant in the reserve compared to outside reference sites. The average annual abundance of economically important reef fish (yellowtail snapper, hogfish, and grouper) were compared to a long-term baseline and between no-take zones and comparable reference sites. Grouper analysis excluded two small rarely targeted species: graysby and coney. In all cases, the highest average abundances were observed in no-take zones in 1998, the first full year of no-take protection, according to a preliminary analysis under the direction of Dr. Jim Bohnsack with the National Marine Fisheries Service. Grouper in the remote Tortugas region were more abundant than in the rest of the Florida Keys. Rates of fish herbivory in the zones compared to reference sites provide another intriguing indication that the zones may be beginning to restore the natural food chain. Dr. Margaret Miller of the National Marine Fisheries Service found that herbivory was higher in the no-take zones during 1997 compared to outside reference sites, but declined in the largest zone in 1998. This points to a potential trophic cascade effect, in which herbivorous fish populations initially increase, but then decline as predatory fish populations rebound from overfishing. The monitoring program also looks at other key species, such as coral, queen conch (Strombus gigas), fish and urchins. Coral community dynamics are being intensively monitored in 3 zones and reference sites by Drs. John Ogden, Richard Aronson, and Struan R. Smith. The response time for coral is expected to be much longer than that of heavily exploited and faster growing species such as lobster or fish. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, designated in 1990, protects 2,800 square nautical miles of critical marine habitat, including coral reef, hardbottom, seagrass meadows, mangrove communities and sand flats. In addition to the marine zoning program, key sanctuary initiatives include a water quality protection program, extensive education and volunteer programs, channel marking initiatives, and installing and maintaining mooring buoys to prevent damage to the reef. ### If you would like a copy of the first year Zone Performance Report please email Ben Haskell at bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 5 16:19:24 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id QAA07889; Fri, 5 Mar 1999 16:19:22 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA28942; Fri, 5 Mar 1999 16:22:04 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma028879; Fri, 5 Mar 99 16:21:34 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id UAA21054; Fri, 5 Mar 1999 20:27:14 GMT Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id PAA21139; Fri, 5 Mar 1999 15:27:07 -0500 (EST) Received: from uhunix1.its.hawaii.edu ([128.171.44.6]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <149461(6)>; Fri, 5 Mar 1999 10:25:24 -1000 Received: from localhost by uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <135689(2)>; Fri, 5 Mar 1999 10:25:09 -1000 Date: Fri, 5 Mar 1999 10:25:07 -1000 From: "J. Charles Delbeek" X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix1 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Water Temperature Info required Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "J. Charles Delbeek" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 124 Does anyone know where I might be able to find daily water temperature records for various locale around the world i.e. Fiji, Red Sea, Indonesia, Caribbean etc? Is there one website that would have this info or a book reference, or do I need to consult several sources? Mahalo! J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc. Aquarium Biologist Waikiki Aquarium University of Hawaii "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end." Mr. Spock From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 8 08:55:57 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id IAA20927; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 08:55:54 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA28073; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 08:58:38 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma027940; Mon, 8 Mar 99 08:57:37 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id MAA01044; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 12:45:19 GMT Date: Mon, 8 Mar 1999 12:45:19 GMT Message-Id: <199903081245.MAA01044@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: "NOAA's CHAMP" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: CHAMP crashes again Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "NOAA's CHAMP" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 125 Ladies and Gentlemen, My sincere apologies, but the coral workstation (coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov), which hosts coral-list and the CHAMP Home Page, crashed on March 6, 1999, at 9:31am (EST) due to a memory error in our SIMM S3, but is now back up. If you posted any messages to coral-list, please give the Internet time to re-post them again. If they do not show on coral-list by the end of today, please try reposting them. We are trying to acquire funding for the workstation so this will not happen quite so frequently as it has been. Sorry for the inconvenience. Cheers, Jim Hendee CHAMP Admininstrator From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 8 08:56:58 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id IAA20965; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 08:56:54 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA28216; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 08:59:37 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma028162; Mon, 8 Mar 99 08:59:25 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id MAA01088; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 12:57:46 GMT Received: from xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id HAA01080; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 07:57:13 -0500 (EST) Received: from minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm (minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm [196.3.0.2]) by xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id PAA00920; Sat, 6 Mar 1999 15:59:16 -0500 (GMT+5:00) Received: from localhost by minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm (4.1/SMI-4.1) id AA05113; Sat, 6 Mar 99 15:01:59-050 Date: Sat, 6 Mar 1999 15:01:58 -0500 (GMT-0500) From: Jeremy Woodley To: "J. Charles Delbeek" Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, Dulcie Linton Subject: Re: Water Temperature Info required In-Reply-To: Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Jeremy Woodley Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 126 CARICOMP can provide data from Caribbean sites: contact Dulcie Linton, Data Manager, at the above address. But both she and I will be offline all next week. Jeremy Woodley On Fri, 5 Mar 1999, J. Charles Delbeek wrote: > Does anyone know where I might be able to find daily water temperature > records for various locale around the world i.e. Fiji, Red Sea, Indonesia, > Caribbean etc? Is there one website that would have this info or a book > reference, or do I need to consult several sources? > > Mahalo! > > J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc. > > Aquarium Biologist > Waikiki Aquarium > University of Hawaii > > "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end." > Mr. Spock > > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 8 08:58:41 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id IAA21014; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 08:58:39 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA28469; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 09:01:38 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma028421; Mon, 8 Mar 99 09:01:15 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id MAA01000; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 12:36:52 GMT Received: from gamma.nsf.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id HAA00996; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 07:36:39 -0500 (EST) Received: by gamma.nsf.gov; id MAA10681; Sun, 7 Mar 1999 12:15:49 -0500 (EST) Received: from nsfmail03.nsf.gov( 128.150.5.34) by gamma.nsf.gov via smap (3.2) id xma010658; Sun, 7 Mar 99 12:15:31 -0500 Received: by nsfmail03.nsf.gov with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2448.0) id ; Sun, 7 Mar 1999 12:15:16 -0500 Message-ID: <97B143F7B54DD211845600A0C9D60E88FEA5A1@nsfmail03.nsf.gov> From: "Taylor, Phillip R" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: non-indigenous species in reef systems Date: Sun, 7 Mar 1999 12:15:16 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2448.0) Content-Type: text/plain Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Taylor, Phillip R" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 127 Looking for some quick responses to a simple query. Please respond directly to me. My own sense as a coral reef ecologist is that the issue of environmental perturbations due to non-indigenous, or "invasive" species is not in the front line of environmental problems in reef systems. Is there any evidence that this impression is way off base. Thanks for any input, Phil Taylor **************************************** Phillip R. Taylor, Director Biological Oceanography Program Division of Ocean Sciences National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 725 Arlington, Virginia, USA 22230 703-306-1587, fax: 703-306-0390 prtaylor@nsf.gov From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 8 11:26:18 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA24605; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 11:26:15 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA11466; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 11:29:12 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma011454; Mon, 8 Mar 99 11:29:06 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA01986; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 15:27:44 GMT Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id KAA01954; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 10:27:37 -0500 (EST) Received: from default (ppp3.197dip.netdial.caribe.net [209.91.197.3]) by mail.caribe.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with ESMTP id LAA05770 for ; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 11:29:59 -0400 (AST) Message-Id: <199903081529.LAA05770@mail.caribe.net> From: "CORALations" To: "Coral-List" Subject: Fw: Illinois State Legislature has introduced a bill that willremove the eastern massasauga from ESA Date: Mon, 8 Mar 1999 11:24:58 -0400 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "CORALations" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 128 ---------- > From: Allen Salzberg > To: asalzberg@aol.com > Subject: Illinois State Legislature has introduced a bill that willremove the eastern massasauga from ESA > Date: Monday, March 08, 1999 10:17 AM > > Gary Casper > Subject: Urgent situation, Illinois de-listing endangered species > Please re-distribute appropriately. > > ILLINOIS STATE LEGISLATORS PROPOSE DE-LISTING ENDANGERED SPECIES > > Members of the Illinois State Legislature have introduced a bill that will > remove the eastern massasauga, brook lamprey, and Indiana crayfish from the > list of IL threatened and endangered species. Sponsors are Kurt Granberg > and Larry Woolard, who reportedly claim that these three species are > "getting in the way" of development in their districts. The bill reportedly > made it out of committee Wednesday by a large majority. The date for floor > debate is unknown at this time. > > The IL DNR has distributed a position paper on this bill, coming out > strongly against it. > > The precedent this bill would set, if successful, has implications for all > rare species. If non-biologists are allowed to draft bills removing > protected status for species without any supportive data showing recovery, > simply in order to avoid compliance with endangered species laws, then > endangered species laws become non-functional and useless. > > Letters are urgently needed. Letters can be written to any of the State > Reps in Illinois, and letters from Illinois citizens will have the greatest > impact. Others are certainly encouraged to write. The bill is HB 2243. > Illinois legislator addresses and phone numbers are available at: > http://www.state.il.us/legis/default.htm > > The bill has not gone to the senate yet, so letters should be sent to > representatives, not senators, at this time. > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 8 12:39:41 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA25761; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 12:39:38 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA18546; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 12:43:03 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma018472; Mon, 8 Mar 99 12:42:22 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA02458; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 16:44:07 GMT Received: from biology.ucsc.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id LAA02465; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 11:43:56 -0500 (EST) Received: from dhcp-25-55.UCSC.EDU (dhcp-25-55.UCSC.EDU [128.114.25.144]) by biology.ucsc.edu (8.8.8/8.6.11) with ESMTP id IAA25230; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 08:43:53 -0800 (PST) Date: Mon, 8 Mar 1999 08:41:57 -0800 (Pacific Standard Time) From: Donald Potts To: "Taylor, Phillip R" cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: non-indigenous species in reef systems In-Reply-To: <97B143F7B54DD211845600A0C9D60E88FEA5A1@nsfmail03.nsf.gov> Message-ID: X-X-Sender: potts@darwin.ucsc.edu MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Donald Potts Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 129 Phil, Your impression agrees with mine overall. The major exception may be some of the disease organisms that appear to be increasing in abundance. I'm thinking in particular of some of the work from Drew Harvell's group Don Potts From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 8 15:16:07 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id PAA28526; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 15:16:00 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA13042; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 15:18:58 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma012967; Mon, 8 Mar 99 15:18:00 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id TAA03251; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 19:25:06 GMT Received: from gsaix2.cc.GaSoU.EDU by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id OAA03252; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 14:24:53 -0500 (EST) Received: from [141.165.35.163] (lab1120-07.bio.GaSoU.edu [141.165.35.163]) by gsaix2.cc.GaSoU.EDU (AIX4.2/UCB 8.7/8.7) with ESMTP id OAA24654 for ; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 14:29:44 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Mon, 8 Mar 1999 14:24:47 -0500 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Kenyon Mobley Subject: more on ESA and bryozoans Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: Kenyon Mobley Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 130 Copyright 1999 Palm Beach Newspaper, Inc. >> >> The Palm Beach Post >> >> March 6, 1999, Saturday, MARTIN-ST. LUCIE EDITION >> >>SECTION: LOCAL, Pg. 1B >> >>LENGTH: 613 words >> >>HEADLINE: DREDGE HALTED BECAUSE OF RARE CREATURE >> >>BYLINE: Jim Reeder, Palm Beach Post Staff Writer >> >>DATELINE: FORT PIERCE >> >>BODY: >> Dredges pumping sand onto Fort Pierce's South Beach were stopped Friday >>by a >>federal judge who agreed the Army Corps of Engineers may not have done >>adequate >>environmental impact studies before starting the project. >> >> U.S. District Judge Henry H. Kennedy in Washington issued a temporary >>injunction stopping the work until further hearings are held on whether >>the work >>should be stopped permanently. >> >> St. Lucie County officials said the work stoppage will cost $ 50,000 to $ >>80,000 per day in fees that must be paid to Weeks Marine Inc. of Camden, >>N.J., >>whether they're pumping sand or not. >> >> ''Our money will go to the contractor and we'll have nothing to show for >>it,'' County Commission Chairman Paula Lewis said. ''The earliest we'll be >>able >>to resume work is probably February, 2001, and we'll have no money.'' >> >> Dredges started work this week and had pumped about 100,000 cubic yards of >>sand onto the beach, Lewis said. Plans called for nearly 1 million cubic >>yards >>to rebuild the beach from the South Jetty to near Ocean Village condominium. >> >> Two scientists and three environmental groups filed suit in Washington >>Monday >>seeking the project halt because the Army Corps of Engineers did no >>studies on >>the presence of 12 species of ocean creatures called bryozoans. >> >> The only place the species have been found is Capron Shoal, the underwater >>sandpile 3.5 miles off Fort Pierce where the corps obtained sand to renourish >>the beach. >> >> Such rare animals are entitled to special consideration under the >>Endangered Species Act, the suit said. >> >> Kennedy heard arguments Thursday and issued his stop-work order Friday >>morning, attorney Eric Glitzenstein said. >> >> >> ''The judge said it appears likely we will prevail after further >>hearings,'' >>Glitzenstein said. ''The corps says these species likely are found elsewhere, >>but they haven't looked for them.'' >> Corps officials could not be reached for comment Friday. >> >> ''I want to see the beach renourished, but I'm disappointed the corps >>didn't >>do adequate review of alternate sites and consider these species,'' >>Commissioner >>Doug Coward said. >> >> Commissioner Cliff Barnes is angry opponents torpedoed years of work >>on the >>project. >> >> ''The allegation these creatures are rare or non-existent elsewhere is >>completely unsubstantiated,'' Barnes said. ''Nowhere do the opponents say >>they >>looked a half-mile away or a mile away to see if these species are there. >> >> ''This may save these creatures . . . but it leaves our beaches >>unprotected >>through another hurricane season and reduces turtle-nesting areas.'' >> >> The suit was filed by Judith E. Winston, a Martinsville, Va., researcher; >>North Beach resident Brian Kilday, who works at Harbor Branch Oceanographic >>Institute; the St. Lucie Audubon Society, Conservation Alliance of St. Lucie >>County and the St. Lucie Waterfront Council >> >> Shoal harbors new bryozoan species >> >> Bryozoans are tiny marine animals that live on grains of sand or in >>colonies >>between sand grains, seaweed and pilings. Nine new species and a new genus >>live >>on Capron Shoal off Fort Pierce. >> >> HOW THEY LIVE: Imagine sand grains as giant boulders, water thick as honey >>and bits of food drifting by in the glop. Stormy weather stirs the sand, >>causing >>injury, death and damage. >> >> WHAT THEY EAT: Bacteria and microscopic algae. >> >> KEEPING CLEAN: When algae soils the colony, it sheds its outer layer. >> >> SEX LIVES: They reproduce sexually and asexually. >> >> LIFE SPANS: Unknown; believed short. >> >> VALUE TO HUMANS: Part of ocean's water-cleansing filter system. Unexplored >>potential. Bryozoan relatives contain a potent anti-cancer agent used to >>treat >>lymphoma and leukemia. >> >> Source: Judith Winston, scientist >> >>NOTES: >>Info box at end of text >> >>GRAPHIC: MAP (C), MARK HEMPHILL/Staff Artist, Location Map of Capron Shoal >> >>COMPANY: ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (84%); >> >>LOAD-DATE: March 8, 1999 >> >> >> >>Defenders of Wildlife >>1101 14th St. NW, Suite 1400 >>Washington, DC 20005 >>(202)-682-9400 ext. 283 >>fax: (202)-682-1331 >>LHood@Defenders.org >> KBM From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 8 15:55:44 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id PAA29519; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 15:55:41 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA16431; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 15:58:22 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma016396; Mon, 8 Mar 99 15:57:49 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id UAA03660; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 20:24:15 GMT Received: from bio.bu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id PAA03646; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 15:24:04 -0500 (EST) Received: from [128.197.80.172] (MBL-MAC1.BU.EDU [128.197.80.172]) by bio.bu.edu ((8.8.8.buoit.v1.0)/8.8.8/(BU-S-10/16/98-v1.0a)) with SMTP id PAA24491 for ; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 15:24:01 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <199903082024.PAA24491@bio.bu.edu> X-Sender: lesk@bio.bu.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Mon, 8 Mar 1999 15:38:12 -0400 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman) Subject: Re: non-indigenous species in reef systems Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman) Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 131 Phil, there are some invasive species problems in coral reef systems that are potentially very serious. 1. The introduction of exotic Euchema and other algae for the carageenan and agar industries. These have significantly altered the ecology of Kaneohoe Bay, for example. HIMB folks have data. They are also working on Dictyosphaeria cavernosa but I presume that this was native, and just took off with eutrophication. 2. Shrimp aquaculture is resulting in the worldwide spread of both decapod pathogens and non-indigenous penaeids. Whether this is a coral reef issue or not is still an open question. I have a student doing a senior thesis on the potential impacts of shrimp aquaculture in Oman, and she is in touch with various people looking at these issues. Dana Meadows at Dartmouth is one of them, and a good contact. 3. Fish introductions in coral reef systems are not unknown, but their effects are not well known. The classic example is the introduction of Cephalophalis argus (and three other species) to Hawaiian waters. Jack Randall is the expert on that. C. argus is now an abundant fish in some places, and you have to suspect that the introduction of a small grouper to a reef system that formerly lacked any such creature has to have some interesting effects. 4. The escape of a domesticated form of Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterannean has serious implications for coral reef habitats as well. Jim Carlton knows who to get in touch with about this, I think. 5. Aquarists or aquarium fish collectors have tried to introduce valuable Indo-Pacific species to Kaneohoe Bay. For example, several lemonpeel angelfish were known in the bay for a while, though I don't think they established and I have not seen them around. Talk to Chris Brown at HIMB about the aquarium trade. 6. Aquaculture of marine aquarium fishes is on the edge of becoming a profitable, transportable business. Clownfishes are being reared in large numbers in the Caribbean, for example. It is unlikely that they in particular would naturalize in the Caribbean, but not impossible. As mariculture spreads, there are serious issues we need to consider...all of the usual ones. Phil, these are off the top of my head. For what it's worth, I ended my paper at the recent international meeting on marine bioinvasions (my paper was about Lake Victoria), with slides of Euchema and C. argus in Hawaii. I draw analogies between Euchema and water hyacinth, and C. argus and Lates. Those in the audience who noticed said that they really enjoyed the Lake Vic data but thought the coda was a reach. I disaggree. I think that what we learned from Lake Vic should be kept in mind in nearshore marine tropical waters, and that this will become a real issue as mariculture becomes more prevalent. Hope that is of use. Les Kaufman Boston University Marine Program Department of Biology Boston University 5 Cummington Street Boston, MA 02215 e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu phone: 617-353-5560 fax: 617-353-6340 Ex Africa semper aliquid novi. "There is always something new out of Africa." - Pliny the Elder From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 8 15:55:45 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id PAA29508; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 15:55:39 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA16429; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 15:58:22 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma016329; Mon, 8 Mar 99 15:57:22 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id UAA03533; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 20:08:06 GMT Message-Id: <199903082008.UAA03533@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: "Ecosurveys" To: Subject: Marine Scientist Post Date: Mon, 8 Mar 1999 13:38:31 -0000 Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "Ecosurveys" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 132 Our ref: TC/plm1394 8 March 1999 Dear Colleague MARINE SCIENTIST POST MAY - OCTOBER 1999 SULAWESI, INDONESIA We are looking for a Marine Scientist to join a survey of the Wakatobi Marine National Park in South East Sulawesi for a 6 month contract and I am writing to see if you know of anyone who might be interested in this post. Operation Wallacea is a not-for-profit project in South East Sulawesi where paying volunteers have joined biologists to help complete species surveys of a newly created Marine National Park. A list of the project's achievements is enclosed which includes winning the Best Conservation Project in South East Asia Award in 1998 from ASEANTA. Further details of the projects that are being carried out by Operation Wallacea can be found at our website at www.operationwallacea.win-uk.net. We are looking for a qualified marine scientist with experience in Indo Pacific reefs to direct the marine science programme for 1999. The objectives of the programme are: =B7 to complete an interim review of the Opisthobranch fauna of the Wakatob= i Marine National Park. A year's worth of data has already been collected from the area and 170 species recorded. An outline for a paper which it is proposed to produce by April 2000 on the Opisthobranch fauna is enclosed. =B7 to complete surveys of the Chaetodontid species around the National Park. =B7 to compete surveys of the anemone fish and their host species around th= e National Park. =B7 to continue compiling species lists and photographs for species in various groups (eg sponges, tunicates, other fish groups). Groups of volunteers (mostly final year undergraduates or MSc students) will join the project over the contract period and will need to be trained to identify the particular target groups (eg 2 or 3 Opisthobranch families) being studied at the time of their visit. The marine scientist will have to run a training programme and test the volunteers and once they are competent enable them to participate in distributional, abundance and other surveys for the study group. At the end of each week the target group being studied will change to a new group (eg butterflyfish) so that volunteers at the marine base will help survey a range of different organisms during their stay. Surveys will be conducted partly by diving and partly by snorkelling and during July and August a dive ship (sleeps 15) will be available to take groups of volunteers on expeditions to more remote parts of the archipelago. The Marine Scientist will be based on Hoga island in the Wakatobi Marine National Park and will have the support of two Assistant Scientists during the busy part of the season (June - September). The diving safety will be looked after by Dive Instructors and the operation of the expedition base, maintenance of equipment, management of local staff, etc will be carried out by the Expedition Manager. At busy times of year there will also be a photographer on site to record the species being studied and organise photographic development. The duties of the Marine Scientist would be: =B7 To agree the work programme for the 1999 marine species survey on Hoga with the Operation Wallacea Project Director before commencement of the surveys. =B7 To organise and direct the marine species surveys in Indonesia for Operation Wallacea =B7 To train new volunteer divers in how to identify the target groups for study and provide assistance to them with the survey work. =B7 To give background lectures on Indo Pacific coral reef eco-systems and their conservation to volunteer groups. =B7 To ensure that species data are recorded accurately by organising quality control checks on the volunteer-gathered data. =B7 To liaise with students preparing research papers on the Opisthobranch, Chaeotodontid and Serranid fauna of the Wakatobi for later publication. =B7 To carry out such other duties on Operation Wallacea as may be required from time to time to ensure the efficient operation of the project. If you do know of anyone who might be interested I would be grateful if you would get them to complete the enclosed questionnaire and return it to me (e-mail: tcoles@ecosurveys.win-uk.net) by 24 March 1999. Thanks for your help. Dr Tim Coles Project Director Application for Marine Scientist contract with Operation Wallacea May - October 1999 to be based in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Sulawesi Please complete the following questions using as much space as you require and return to by 24 March 1999. Name: Address: Tel: Fax: e-mail: Academic qualifications and Universities attended: Relevant posts held and current job/contract: Relevant publications: What experience do you have in studying Opisthobranchs?: What experience do you have in studying Chaetodontids?: What experience do you have in studying anemone fish?: Describe any relevant experience in the identification of other coral reef groups of organisms: Describe any relevant experience you have in training groups of University students: Describe any lecturing experience you have: Dive qualifications: Number of dives: Do you have any health problems that would affect diving or other medical conditions?: Do you have any special food requirements?: Describe any experience you have in underwater photography and/or photo development: Describe any relevant expedition experience you have: What languages do you speak (indicate level of competence)?: Please note we are looking for an experienced marine biologist with good presentational skills. The post will be remunerated depending on the level of experience of the successful candidate. Please indicate the level of remuneration you would expect to undertake this contract. Please supply the name and contact details for two referees. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 8 17:34:08 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id RAA01576; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 17:34:06 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA23065; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 17:37:29 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma023033; Mon, 8 Mar 99 17:36:55 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA04135; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 22:01:30 GMT Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id RAA04072; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 17:01:19 -0500 (EST) Received: from uhunix1.its.hawaii.edu ([128.171.44.6]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <151251(9)>; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 12:01:12 -1000 Received: from localhost by uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <135682(6)>; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 12:00:51 -1000 Date: Mon, 8 Mar 1999 12:00:48 -1000 From: "J. Charles Delbeek" X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix1 To: Donald Potts cc: "Taylor, Phillip R" , coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: non-indigenous species in reef systems In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Reply-To: "J. Charles Delbeek" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 133 On Mon, 8 Mar 1999, Donald Potts wrote: I am not sure, but here in Hawaii we have more than our fair share of introdcued species, both aquatic and terrestrial, I know there are concerns about some of the introduced snapper species J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc. Aquarium Biologist Waikiki Aquarium University of Hawaii "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end." Mr. Spock From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 8 17:45:14 1999 -0500 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id RAA01799; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 17:45:12 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA23786; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 17:48:36 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1) id xma023777; Mon, 8 Mar 99 17:48:32 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA04215; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 22:13:07 GMT Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (980427.SGI.8.8.8/930416.SGI) for id RAA04192; Mon, 8 Mar 1999 17:12:59 -0500 (EST) Received: from uhunix1.its.hawaii.edu ([128.17