From MAILER-DAEMON Wed Jan 6 10:24:09 1999 Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1999 10:24:09 -0500 (EST) From: Mail System Internal Data Subject: DON'T DELETE THIS MESSAGE -- FOLDER INTERNAL DATA X-IMAP: 0912697139 0000000737 Status: RO This text is part of the internal format of your mail folder, and is not a real message. It is created automatically by the mail system software. If deleted, important folder data will be lost, and it will be re-created with the data reset to initial values. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 4 20:14:56 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id UAA05131; Sun, 4 Jan 1998 20:14:51 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA14476; Sun, 4 Jan 1998 20:16:19 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma014470; Sun, 4 Jan 98 20:15:37 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id AAA09261; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 00:59:07 GMT Date: Mon, 5 Jan 1998 00:59:07 GMT From: coral@aoml.noaa.gov (NOAA's CHAMP) Message-Id: <199801050059.AAA09261@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Apparently-To: coral-list-outgoing@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 1 ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Sat, 03 Jan 1998 11:03:27 -0500 From: "Richard E. Dodge" To: NOAA's CHAMP Subject: SPECIAL GEOLOGY ISSUE OF CORAL REEFS Sender: coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk ********************************************************** SPECIAL GEOLOGY ISSUE OF CORAL REEFS HOLOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE REEF GEOLOGY CALL FOR PAPERS: Volume 17 of Coral Reefs will include a Special Issue, entitled "Holocene and Pleistocene Reef Geology". As the title suggests, the purpose of the issue is to provide an overview of current research in this broad area. Manuscripts may be empirical or theoretical, long or short. Reviews and Reef Sites on a geological theme are also welcome. The issue (approximately 100 pages) will be published as soon as 12 papers have been accepted. Prospective authors may first contact the Geological Editor, Richard E. Dodge by fax or email (Fax 954-921-7764, email dodge@ocean.nova.edu). To ensure a speedy publication, manuscripts should be submitted as soon as possible (NO LATER THAN FEBRUARY 1, 1998). GUEST EDITORS TO WHOM MANUSCRIPS MAY ALSO BE SUBMITTED ARE: Dr. R.E. Dodge, Geological Editor, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, 8000 N. Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA. Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier, Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, 1930 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, email: buddrw@KGS.UKANS.EDU Dr. Richard W. Grigg, Dept. of Oceanography, 1000 Pope Road, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, email rgrigg@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu Dr. David Hopley, Coastal & Marine Consultancies, 3 Wingadee, Annadale, Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia, email: david.hopley@ultra.net.au Dr Ian McIntyre, Dept. of Paleobiology,National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,Washington, DC 20560 email MACINTYRE.IAN@NMNH.SI.EDU Dr. Peter Swart, Division of Marine Geology & Geophysics, University of Miami/ RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, email: Pswart@rsmas.miami.edu Dr. Terry Scoffin, Grant Institute of Geology, Univ. Edinburgh, West mains Road, Edinburch EH9 3JW United Kingdom email: Terry.Scoffin@ed.ac.uk Dr. A.W. Tudhope, Grant Institute of Geology, Univ. Edinburgh, West mains Road, Edinburch EH9 3JW United Kingdom, email: sandy.Tudhope@ed.ac.uk Thank you. Richard E. Dodge, Ph.D. Associate Dean, Professor Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center 8000 N. Ocean Dr.; Dania, FL 33004 voice (954) 920-1909; fax (954)-921-7764 web page: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 5 07:35:02 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id HAA06424; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 07:34:59 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA20207; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 07:36:27 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma020201; Mon, 5 Jan 98 07:35:36 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id MAA10323; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 12:31:34 GMT Message-Id: <199801051231.MAA10323@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Sat, 3 Jan 1998 08:00:52 -0500 From: Robert Murray To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Robert Murray Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 2 On behalf of the Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory (Jamaica) I would like to invite you to view our new web site at the following address; http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Discovery_Bay_Marine_Laboratory/ DBML is a non-profit institution (a subsidiary of the University of the West Indies) committed to coral reef research and conservation. We would be most grateful if you could help us by linking to our web site on your "links" page (and any other page that might be appropriate). Please let us know if this is possible. Many thanks. Robert Murray. ================================ ROBERT MURRAY B.Sc. (Hons.), FGA, Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, PO Box 35, Discovery Bay, Jamaica, West Indies. rmurray@infochan.com rmurray@uwimona.edu.jm RobertMurray@compuserve.com T. (876) 973 2946 / 2947 F. (876) 973 3091 ================================ From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 5 21:11:05 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id VAA16224; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:10:59 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA22059; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:12:25 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma022051; Mon, 5 Jan 98 21:11:38 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id CAA02257; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:04:54 GMT Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:04:54 GMT From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Message-Id: <199801060204.CAA02257@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Apparently-To: coral-list-outgoing@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 3 ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Tue, 06 Jan 1998 04:28:09 -0800 From: Peter Swart To: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Sclerosponges Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Peter Swart To those interested in the use of sclerosponges for paleoclimatic purposes, a workshop is being organized scheduled to take place in Miami Florida over the weekend of March 21 to 23rd. Those intersted in contributing and participating should contact me ASAP. Limited travel funds are available. Further information can be obtained from the sclerosponge web site listed below. ----------------------------------------- Peter K. Swart Professor and Chairman MGG RSMAS 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami FL 33149 305 361 4103 (office) 305 361 4912 (lab) 305 361 4632 Home Page http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/pswart.htm Stable Isotope Laboratory http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/groups/sil/index.htm Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/groups/csl/index.htm Division Home Page http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/divs/mgg.html Sclerosponge Web page http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/groups/sil/workshop.htm ----------------------------------------- swart@oj.rsmas.miami.edu ----------------------------------------- From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 5 21:11:06 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id VAA16222; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:10:58 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA22062; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:12:25 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma022049; Mon, 5 Jan 98 21:11:38 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id CAA02228; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:01:41 GMT Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:01:41 GMT Message-Id: <199801060201.CAA02228@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: Eric Eisenhardt on leave 97/98 To: Prof Alan E Strong cc: pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Galapagos - Bleaching? Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Eric Eisenhardt on leave 97/98 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 4 On Tue, 18 Nov 1997, Prof Alan E Strong wrote: > SST have reached new highs around Galapagos -- nearly 28 deg C. Our > HotSpot charts [see bottom for URL] show potential now exists for high > temp induced bleaching, associated with present El Nino. This is the 1st > time SSTs have been this high a several years. > As of Dec. 18-30 bleaching was observed first hand in Galapagos. Roughly 20% of polyps of roughly 80% of the coral I saw was bleached near the top (mostly a brown lumpy coral, I don't know the name, anyone?) although I was only able to visit Santa Cruz, Bartolome, Santa Fe, and Espanola; NOT the islands typically known for large coral assembleges (Devil's Crown, Isabella). Hope this helps. -Eric erice@pangea.stanford.edu > Elsewhere around the globe potential areas for bleaching appear to be less > than past years...as the Red Sea HotSpot has almost completely > disappeared. [Have gotten no confirmation of bleaching in Cape Verdes, as > conditions are now a bit less harsh.] > > Appreciate any feedback. > > Cheers, > Al > **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ***** > Alan E. Strong > Phys Scientist/Oceanographer Adj Assoc Professor > NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3 US Naval Academy > NOAA Science Center -- RM 711H Oceanography Department > -- US Postal Service -- -- UPS/FedEx -- Annapolis, MD 21402 > 4700 Silver Hill Road 5200 Auth Road 410-293-6566[V-mail] > Stop 9910 Camp Springs, MD 20746 410-293-2137 [FAX] > Washington, DC 20233-9910 strong@nadn.navy.mil > Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov ---UNTIL: 31 Dec 1997-- > 301-763-8102 x170 FAX: 301-763-8108 > http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 5 21:14:25 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id VAA16223; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:10:59 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA22060; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:12:25 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma022050; Mon, 5 Jan 98 21:11:38 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id CAA02242; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:03:28 GMT Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:03:28 GMT From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Message-Id: <199801060203.CAA02242@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Apparently-To: coral-list-outgoing@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 5 ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 5 Jan 1998 19:22:25 -0400 From: Keep Bermuda Beautiful To: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Bahamas Pot Fishing Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Keep Bermuda Beautiful Dear Coral Listers, At a recent conference of the Center for Marine Conservation, I learned of the Bahamas National Trust's fight against pot fishing within coastal waters. This method of fishing involves throwing a non-bouyed fish pot off a boat and GPS marking the spot. Upon return to the GPS site, a hook type device is used to rake the ocean floor for pots causing untold reef damage. The BNT is fighting powerful off-shore money as non-Bahamians can come in and start fishing businesses with little local ownership. I was asked to send a letter to the local Bahamian newspapers highlighting some of the dangers, which I gladly did. As many of you are aware, Bermuda banned pot fishing 8 years ago. Initially there was tremedous controversy, but the results have been well worth the fight. Our fish stocks are definately on the mend and public awareness has increased tremendously. If anyone would like to support this initiative, can relay more details, or cares to correct me, kindly do so directly at kbb@ibl.bm. Sincerely, Vanese Flood From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 6 11:31:29 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA19693; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 11:01:17 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA07843; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 11:02:44 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma007770; Tue, 6 Jan 98 11:01:44 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA01106; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 15:57:37 GMT Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 15:57:37 GMT Message-Id: <199801061557.PAA01106@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Subject lines Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 6 I apologize for the lack of proper "Subject" headings on some of the coral-list messages going out under the new configuration. I appreciate your patience and hope to have it fixed soon. Cheers, JCH coral-list administrator From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 6 12:19:19 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA21593; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 12:19:10 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA13757; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 12:20:39 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma013743; Tue, 6 Jan 98 12:20:10 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id RAA01535; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 17:16:36 GMT Message-Id: <199801061716.RAA01535@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: "Nick Polunin" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 16:57:29 +0000 Subject: Two posts: UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: "Nick Polunin" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 7 UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE, NE1 7RU, UK Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management Applications are invited for two posts available on NERC funded projects. Project 1 - Alternative states in species diverse marine benthic communities A Post-doc (PDRA) is required to work on a study of effects of fishery exploitation in traditional Fijian fishing-grounds on coral-reef community structure with Dr Nicholas Polunin (PI), Dr Richard Warwick (Plymouth Marine Laboratory) and Prof. Robin South (Univ. of the South Pacific). The PDRA will need appropriate tropical research experience, advanced SCUBA certification and demonstrated statistical skills. The post is funded for 21/2 years from 1 April 1998, and approximately 18 months will be spent doing field work in Fiji. Project 2 - Patterns of recovery of coral reefs A Research Associate (PGRA) position is available for research into the temporal and spatial patterns of recovery of coral reefs from physical damage. The project will be supervised by Drs Susan Clark, Alasdair Edwards and Martin Le Tissier and is funded under the NERC Connect B scheme in collaboration with the international maritime insurance industry. Applicants should have a good bachelor's or master's degree in a relevant subject, preferably with field experience of coral reef research, advanced SCUBA certification and good communication and practical skills. The successful candidate will be expected to spend extensive periods working in Egypt. The post is funded for 3 years from 1 April 1998. The salary for both posts will be at the appropriate point according to qualifications and experience on the Grade 1A scale (PDRA) stlg15,159-27,785 and the Grade 1B scale (PGRA) stlg15,159-stlg16,927. Applications including a full CV and names and addresses of three referees should be sent to the Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management, Ridley Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE17RU by not later than 31 January 1998. Enquiries and further particulars: Project 1 - Dr NVC Polunin Tel (0191) 2226675, Fax (0191) 2227891, e-mail n.polunin@ncl.ac.uk Project 2 - Dr AJ Edwards Tel (0191) 2226663, Fax (0191) 2227891, e-mail a.j.edwards@ncl.ac.uk From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 7 07:55:36 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id HAA29093; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 07:55:31 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA10252; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 07:56:59 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma010234; Wed, 7 Jan 98 07:56:19 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id MAA03834; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 12:46:24 GMT Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 12:46:24 GMT Message-Id: <199801071246.MAA03834@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Moderated coral-list Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 8 Dear Esteemed Coral-Listers, Sorry for the extra bandwidth, but I think it is necessary at this juncture to remind but a few of the subscribers to coral-list of appropriate subjects for posting. This list is primarily for coral reef researchers and others engaged in furthering the knowledge and protection of coral reef ecosystems. It is NOT meant to be a vehicle for personal or commercial advertisements or aggrandizement, and you can no longer post to this list if you are not a member. (Membership is now a little more restricted, too, since spammers seem to have been attacking the list of late.) Moderating the list is a double-edged sword. I don't want to stifle freedom of speech, but I don't want to burden others with what I think most of us consider as subjects unsuitable for this list. Sometimes I may goof and post something which might be considered improper or at least in the gray area, and I hope you'll bear with me, but let me know if you feel it is improper. If you attempt to post a message, but it doesn't come through in a day or two (it may not make it out right away if you try to post it on a weekend), and you feel it is definitely something that is appropriate, please let me know and I may see the light. Although there are additional suitable subjects of discussion, here are the more common ones: o bleaching or spawning events o outbreaks of coral diseases o high predation on coral reefs o environmental monitoring sites o shipwrecks on reefs o international meetings and symposia o funding opportunities o marine sanctuary news o new coral-related publications or abstracts from them o announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology o coral health initiatives o new and historical data availability o controversial topics in coral reef ecology o recent reports on coral research I'm open to suggestions and differing viewpoints, so let me have them if you feel so inclined. Take care, coral-list administrator From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 7 10:12:35 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA01161; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 10:12:24 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA16062; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 10:13:52 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma016058; Wed, 7 Jan 98 10:13:47 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA04228; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 15:02:29 GMT Message-Id: <199801071502.PAA04228@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Wed, 07 Jan 1998 16:47:16 +0200 From: Jan Korrubel To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Required: water chemistry info.... Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Jan Korrubel Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 9 Dear fellow Coral-Listers, First off, allow me to wish you all the best for 1998 - may it be a good year for us, and particularly the reefs..... I am looking to do some water chemistry measurements, but to be honest, haven't a clue where to start...... Can some kind soul out there give me some references that would guide me about that taking of nitrates, phosphates, bicarbonates..... and all the rest of it......and inform me a bit about the methods? Sorry for the rather broad request, but like I said, I am clueless about this one....... Regards, Jan Korrubel University of Natal South Africa. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 7 12:58:34 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA03093; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 12:58:27 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA21230; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 12:59:54 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma021221; Wed, 7 Jan 98 12:59:51 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id RAA04826; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 17:47:21 GMT Message-Id: <199801071747.RAA04826@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Wed, 07 Jan 1998 11:14:37 -0800 From: Pascal Collotte To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 10 Reply to: pascal.collotte@yale.edu Sender: coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Pascal Collotte I fully agree with moderating the list and would like to add some subjects which I feel are of prime interest. I give you the following examples as food for thoughts. 1- Job openings in the field of reef protection or sustainable use, 2- I have not seen any posting from industrial users of the corals i.e. from medical sphere using corals as a replacement for bones or pharmaceutical companies in search for remedies. I belive it would be healthy to hear from such parties. [Moderator's note: Archived coral-list messages, which have some discussions of these topics, can be found at: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov (see "List-Server for Coral Reef Researchers")] From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 7 19:44:43 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id TAA10422; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 19:44:37 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA03907; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 19:46:04 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma003901; Wed, 7 Jan 98 19:45:59 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id AAA06082; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 00:38:12 GMT Message-Id: <199801080038.AAA06082@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 14:00:57 -0500 (EST) From: Prof Alan E Strong To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Bleaching/Galapagos SST: In-situ vs AVHRR (fwd) Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Prof Alan E Strong Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 11 To Whom it may concern -- The Information hiway works!! Jerry Wellington has just confirmed our AVHRR SSTs as bleaching has apparently begun in the Galapagos over Christmas....so that's why they call it El Nino! Seems like AVHRR is right on the money...see below. Cheers, Al ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Wed, 07 Jan 1998 12:11:29 -0600 From: Jerry Wellington To: Prof Alan E Strong Subject: Re: Galapagos Just got the SST data for Academy Bay in Galapagos for the month of December; On Dec 18 it was 27.3, then on 19th 28.1, by 23rd it was 28.5, on the 31st 28.3. Sounds like the satellite data and local therometer data agree well. Cheers, Jerry At 11:48 AM 1/7/98 -0500, you wrote: >I have just been checking the satellite SST coutour analysis for the >eastern tropical Pacific. It appears that SSTs around the Galapagos went >from just shy of 28C for the interval Dec 13-16 to....nearly 28.5C during >the interval Dec 20-23! This impressive jump at the critical threshold >temp of approx 28C may have been what gave Eric his 'first hand' glimpse >of bleaching from this El Nino. Now: Jan 3-6 is up at the NESDIS WebSite >and temps are almost up to 29C! -- ouch! I also see that down the >coastline off Peru temps have risen nearly 1 deg C since Dec 13-16... > >http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/contour.html > >Al > >**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ***** >Alan E. Strong > Phys Scientist/Oceanographer Adj Assoc Res Professor > NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3 US Naval Academy > NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W Oceanography Department > 5200 Auth Road Annapolis, MD 21402 > Camp Springs, MD 20746 410-293-6550 >Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov > 301-763-8102 x170 FAX: 301-763-8108 >http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 7 19:44:44 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id TAA10421; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 19:44:37 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA03910; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 19:46:04 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma003902; Wed, 7 Jan 98 19:45:59 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id AAA06045; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 00:34:59 GMT Message-Id: <199801080034.AAA06045@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 16:56:19 -0400 From: Keep Bermuda Beautiful To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Bahamas Fishpot Ban Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Keep Bermuda Beautiful Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 12 >Hi Coral Listers, >Regarding my prior message re the above. I have been corrected! The >Bahamas National Trust is not involved in the movement to ban pot fishing. >I am awaiting further information and will update you as soon as possible. >Kind regards, >Vanese Flood > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 8 08:33:54 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id IAA14353; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 08:33:50 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA13205; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 08:35:21 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma013196; Thu, 8 Jan 98 08:35:16 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id NAA07169; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 13:26:19 GMT Message-Id: <199801081326.NAA07169@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: "Gert Jan Gast" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 11:47:52 +0100 Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: "Gert Jan Gast" Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 13 Hi everyone, A wonderful 1998 to all of you! > Moderating the list is a double-edged sword. I don't want to > stifle freedom of speech, but I don't want to burden others with what I > think most of us consider as subjects unsuitable for this list. Sometimes > I may goof and post something which might be considered improper or at > least in the gray area, and I hope you'll bear with me, but let me know if > you feel it is improper. If you attempt to post a message, but it doesn't > come through in a day or two (it may not make it out right away if you try > to post it on a weekend), and you feel it is definitely something that is > appropriate, please let me know and I may see the light. > I respect Jim's worries about our burdens and the measures he has taken to reduce them, but I do have severe reservations against moderating the list. I agree that spam is irritating, that it is an increasing problem and that action should be taken. However, I don't like the idea that one person selects what is appropriate or not. (Jim, no personal offence meant: I am sure you are doing a considerate and honest job!) The essence of the internet is that it is free and fast. I feel it should stay that way. Selecting messages and a few days interval don't agree with this principle. (Aside from the practical objections: this is a lot of work for Jim and what happens when he gets ill?) The problems can be split in 2 categories. 1. Spam or random advertisements. Basically the same thing as billboards that appear nowadays along almost every road outside Antartica. The majordomo program allows the option that only members of the coral-list can post messages on the list. I agree with Jim's decision to moderate the membership of the list (previously everyone could automatically become a member, now Jim personally acknowledges every request to become a member). He can filter possible spammers from honest coral researchers. I think that should be sufficient. As long as spammers can't become a member, they can't post anything on the list. If anyone slips through, Jim can remove the person and put the sender's address on a black list, never to be allowed on again. Moderating membership is a lot less work than moderating every message. 2. Unnecessary broad messages. For example those constantly appearing "unsubscribe" messages. I don't experience this too much as a problem. Unlike billboards it is little effort to click delete and it's gone. There are more serious messages on this list that simply don't interest me as they are out of my field of research than really unfit posts. Sometimes my attention is drawn to things I hadn't heard/read of. That is the strength of having a list like this. We are all in this together and we can control ourselves and each other. I don't believe we need a "policeman" to select what is useful or not. In a meeting, do we first ask permission from the president to say what we want to say? Generally there is no need to for such control, I think. The freedom of speech and speed of the list are more important to me. Just my two cents.... Good luck, GJ. =============================================== Gert Jan Gast Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Marine Ecology P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 (0)222 369573. Fax: 31 (0)222 319674. NIOZ home pages: http://www.NIOZ.nl PLEASE CHANGE MY ADDRESS TO gjgast@DDS.NL in your addresslist. The address gjgast@nioz.nl will terminate some time in the future. gjgast@hotmail is a second back up address, but I don't look there often. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 8 11:59:28 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA17293; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 11:59:21 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA23515; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 12:00:49 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma023507; Thu, 8 Jan 98 12:00:31 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA07983; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 16:48:07 GMT Message-Id: <199801081648.QAA07983@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 01:11:24 -0500 (EST) From: Ben Richards To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, caribb_study@admin1.bc.edu Subject: Graduating senior looking for research position. Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Ben Richards Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 14 My apologies for any and all cross postings... To whom it may concern - Let me introduce myself. My name is Benjamin Richards. I will be graduating from Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts, in May of 1998. At Hampshire I have been studying Marine Ecology and have taken many classes in the subject at Hampshire, Smith College, Mt. Holyoke College, The University of Massachusetts, and Duke University. I have also taken part in several research projects working through Hampshire College, Duke University, and the University of Washington. I have been a member of the "Marbio," "Coral," and "Caribbean" listserves for about three years, and have done my best to read everything that has streamed into my mailbox. Many of these messages have introduced me to new marine laboratories and the scientists working at them. Two of my most interesting and educational summer positions have come directly from contacts made through the "Marbio" listserve. With my graduation imminent, I am looking to make contact with many of those scientists I have talked with in the past, and many with whom I have not yet spoken, to inquire about current job openings in the field of Marine Ecology. I am looking for a research positio lasting at least a year, and am especialy interested in one which would allow me to continue working while pursuing a graduate education (which I have tentative plans to begin around the fall of 1998). I am most interested in positions concerning fish population ecology, especially in coral reef ecosystems, but welcome information on other positions as well. As for practical experience in the field, the two summer research seasons, which I mention above, took place at the Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory (University of Washington) where I spent one summer assisiting a postdoctoral researcher, studying the effects of current regime and habitat structure on juvenile rockfish. The second summer I assisted another postdoctoral researcher studying the effects of Marine Protected Areas on older rockfish populations as well as their effects on red abalone populations on the northern California coast. I have also spent a semester at the Bermuda Biological Station studying coral reef fish populations. These experiences have convinced me that Marine Ecology, and especially coral reef fish ecology, is the field I would like to pursue. I thank in advance all that respond to this message. I am happy to provide a copy of my CV to all who are interested. I look forward to talking with you in the future and hope that the holiday season finds you well. Sincerely, Ben Richards Hampshire College #928 Amherst, MA 01002-5001 (413) 549-4600 brichards@hampshire.edu http://hampshire.edu/~blrF94/index.html From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 8 11:59:30 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA17301; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 11:59:24 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA23522; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 12:00:50 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma023506; Thu, 8 Jan 98 12:00:31 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA07976; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 16:46:43 GMT Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 16:46:43 GMT Message-Id: <199801081646.QAA07976@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Moderated List: Good News, Bad News Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 15 The Good News ------------- (1) I have discovered how most spammers have been getting through, and have corrected the situation (I hope). (2) Subscribing and unsubscribing requests no longer have to be approved, because of item (1) above. (3) Since the whole reason behind moderating the list was to stop or reduce spamming, I can re-open the list to unrestriced postings by members of coral-list. (4) We will again see great news concerning coral reef research in a timely (almost immediate) fashion (5) My choice of what is "appropriate" won't suppress freedom of speech. The Bad News ------------ (1) Because the list will no longer be moderated, you will continue to see occasional irksome messages posted directly to coral-list: a) "Please (un)subscribe me to coral-list..." [Send to majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov instead] b) "Hi, my name is Zeke, and I need a job/degreee/loan..." [Sometimes coral-list is a proper forum, but not usually. Please consider your messages carefully.] c) "Could everybody please research the literature on coral X for me, then send me everything ever written on the subject? Oh, and make it snappy, will ya'?" [These messages might be appropriate for folks who are far removed from good library sources, so we should bear with them.] (2) Spammers can subscribe, post their junk, then unsubscribe, but at least under the new configuration I'll be able to see who they are (usually), and I can alert their Systems Administrator. This usually means they'll be kicked off their system, as well as coral-list. (3) Under the new configuration, if messages to you bounce, you may be put on a "bounces" mailing list. Messages will be sent to you from this list, until they get through. At that time, you will have to unsubscribe from bounces and resubscribe to coral-list. Because of this, **PLEASE** try to remember to unsubscribe from the list under your old email address, then resubscribe under the new email address. Also, if you anticipate a reconfiguration of your domain name (e.g., smart.univ.edu vs. really.smart.univ.edu), you may want to let me know. ----------------- I hope this will be acceptable to everybody. I will now post some messages that were formerly in the queue for "acceptance" by the moderator. Cheers, jch coral-list administrator ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "You can't please everyone, so you've got to please yourself..." -- From a classic American song by Ricky Nelsen -- From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 13 10:19:51 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA05286; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:19:40 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA06059; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:20:14 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma006020; Tue, 13 Jan 98 10:19:50 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA00998; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 15:05:38 GMT Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id KAA00993; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:34 -0500 Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:34 -0500 (EST) From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program To: Coral-List Subject: Tropical Field Stations (fwd) Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 16 To: coral-list From: Vicki.Hall@jcu.edu.au Subject: Tropical Field Stations Dear Coral List Members, I have recently compiled a list of Tropical Marine Field Stations from around the world. I have also included organisations that have provided logistical support in areas without research stations. Please note that this assistance is usually provided only through collaboration with existing scientific staff or managers. Many members on the coral-list have provided me with information about the location of field stations and to each and everyone of you I would like to extend a huge thank-you. Additional information was obtained from the reference: Eldredge, L.G. 1989 Coral Reef Research Facilities of the World. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, and by scanning recent publications and the web. For anyone who may be interested I have attached the list to this message (Resstat1.doc). This list is by no means complete and may contain errors so I welcome any comments and corrections. Again, please address these to me personally: Vicki.Hall@jcu.edu.au Best Wishes Vicki Hall Department of Marine Biology James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 13 10:19:51 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA05285; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:19:41 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA06049; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:20:13 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma006021; Tue, 13 Jan 98 10:19:51 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA00990; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 15:05:26 GMT Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id KAA00985; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:22 -0500 Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:22 -0500 (EST) From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program To: Coral-List Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list (fwd) Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 17 ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Fri, 09 Jan 1998 09:18:44 -0400 From: Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list Dear coral-list administrator and subscribers: I would like to suggest that "Coral reef protection/conservation programmes" be also included as a suitable subject of discussion in the list. The organization which I represent has been promoting coral reef conservation for nearly two decades and its currently involved in supporting coral reef monitoring and outreach activities in the Wider Caribbean. We work through governmental and non-governmental institutions (including scientific and research institutions). I believe it will be useful for the list to include information on ongoing programmes relevant to coral reef conservation. I hope you all agree. Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri Caribbean Environment Programme United Nations Environment Programme 14-20 Port Royal Street Kingston, Jamaica > > From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 13 10:23:10 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA05288; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:19:42 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA06056; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:20:15 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma006018; Tue, 13 Jan 98 10:19:50 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA00983; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 15:05:13 GMT Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id KAA00975; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:05 -0500 Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:04 -0500 (EST) From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program To: Coral-List Subject: Moderated list (fwd) Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 18 [ Sorry this didn't go out earlier. We've had some problems with the mail system. ] ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Ben Richards To: coral-list Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list Dear coral-listers, I would like to second Gert Jan Gast's message concerning the moderation of our list. Spamming is certianly annoying and I think we would all like to see it go the way of the dinosaurs. As for the broad and sometimes uninteresting messages, I think the few that turn out to be interesting, yet out of my field, outway the many I have to delete. Let's try to keep the spamming out while keeping the list broad, fun, and interesting. As a note: Jim, you're doing a great job. Thanks a million. Ben Richards Marine Ecology Student Hampshire College From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 13 13:25:15 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id NAA08173; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:25:09 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA15406; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:26:37 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma015391; Tue, 13 Jan 98 13:26:18 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id SAA01573; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 18:22:34 GMT Received: from winnie.fit.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id NAA01568; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:22:29 -0500 Received: from localhost (shenker@localhost) by winnie.fit.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id NAA09774 for ; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:18:04 -0500 (EST) Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:18:03 -0500 (EST) From: Jonathan M Shenker To: Coral-List Subject: Summer course announcement In-Reply-To: Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 19 Dr. Mark Bush and I are offering a 6-week summer course in marine and terrestrial biology of Australian ecosystems. The course, designed primarily for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, will include extensive field investigations of coral reefs, marine temperate environments, tropical rainforests and other Australian habitats. Please contact me directly if you'd like more information about the course. Jon Shenker Department of Biological Sciences Florida Institute of Technology 150 West University Boulevard Melbourne, FL 32901 USA 407-768-8000 ext. 8145 From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 00:24:15 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id AAA11952; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 00:24:09 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA29875; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 00:25:39 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma029867; Wed, 14 Jan 98 00:25:11 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id FAA02926; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 05:22:53 GMT Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id AAA02921; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 00:22:48 -0500 Received: (qmail 11781 invoked by uid 0); 14 Jan 1998 05:20:32 -0000 Message-ID: <19980114052032.11780.qmail@hotmail.com> Received: from 206.101.197.230 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 21:20:31 PST X-Originating-IP: [206.101.197.230] From: "michelle reyes" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: sediment from road construction on a Philippine reef Content-Type: text/plain Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 21:20:31 PST Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 20 A few months ago , sand and soil from a road construction site in the Southern Philippines was dumped directly off the mountainside into the sea below . Now 3-4 km of coral reefs are in danger from the resulting sediment overload and the corals right at the "dumpsite" are starting to die off. Any suggestions on damage control measures that can be applied immediately or any advice on minimizing further damage to the reef / controlling the sediment at the source would be most welcome. Thanks! Michelle Reyes e-mail : mzreyes@hotmail.com ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 13:10:41 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id NAA18389; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 13:10:36 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA17576; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 13:12:06 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma017549; Wed, 14 Jan 98 13:11:25 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id RAA04230; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 17:58:37 GMT Received: from calafia.uabcs.mx by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id MAA04225; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 12:58:12 -0500 Received: by calafia.uabcs.mx (AIX 3.2/UCB 5.64/4.03) id AA11335; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 10:56:59 -0600 Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 10:56:59 -0600 (CST) From: Hector Reyes Bonilla To: Lista de arrecifes de coral Subject: Coral mortality Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 21 Dear coraleros: I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks. Hector Reyes UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina La Paz, BCS, MEXICO From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 15:16:00 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id PAA20031; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:15:46 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA24898; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:17:14 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma024875; Wed, 14 Jan 98 15:16:48 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id UAA04518; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:10:35 GMT Received: from mail.whoi.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id PAA04513; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:10:25 -0500 Received: from orangppp ([128.128.25.35]) by mail.whoi.edu (Netscape Messaging Server 3.5) with SMTP id AAA5B54; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:07:54 -0500 Message-ID: <34BD465F.56B@whoi.edu> Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:12:31 -0800 From: "Anne Cohen" Reply-To: acohen@whoi.edu Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win16; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Hector Reyes Bonilla CC: Lista de arrecifes de coral Subject: Re: Coral mortality References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 22 Hector Reyes Bonilla wrote: > > Dear coraleros: > I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were > bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem > or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for > several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing > of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know > of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks. > Hector Reyes > UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina > La Paz, BCS, MEXICO Dear Hector, Your deduction is an interesting one. During your observations, were you able to tell whether the colonies had been killed by bleaching and were subsequently overgrown by algae, or whether they had bleached, weakened and then been killed by algal overgrowth ? In my experience, many bleached colonies maintain live polyps throughout the bleaching event. These colonies generally recover, probably because they are able to prevent algae from colonising/settling on the surface of the coral. Bleached colonies which lose their polyps as a consequence of bleaching are overgrown by algae in a matter of days or weeks. I posted this reply list-wide because I would be interested to hear others' comments on this subject Regards, Anne Cohen. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 16:14:10 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id QAA20743; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:14:06 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA27590; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:15:36 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma027530; Wed, 14 Jan 98 16:15:04 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id VAA04606; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 21:09:50 GMT Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id QAA04601; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:09:46 -0500 Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu [129.171.104.19]) by umigw.miami.edu (8.8.5/8.6.9) with SMTP id QAA15486 for ; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:07:27 -0500 Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:07:27 -0500 Message-Id: <199801142107.QAA15486@umigw.miami.edu> X-Sender: szmant@oj.rsmas.miami.edu X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Alina Szmant Subject: Re: Coral mortality Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 23 >Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 14:37:14 >To: Hector Reyes Bonilla >From: Alina Szmant >Subject: Re: Coral mortality > >Dear Hector: > >The problem with that hypothesis is that it won't explain coral mortality in the middles of colonies as opposed to edges. In mid-colonies, tissues start to thin because of decreased food supply etc., and then the semi-exposed skeletons become colonized by algae etc. Given the simple tissue structure of corals, there may be some "live tissue" still left on the skeleton at the time the colonization begins, but not enough to really constitute a defense of the skeleton. Not sure if you see my point, but something to think about. > >Alina Szmant > > >At 10:56 AM 1/14/98 -0600, you wrote: >> Dear coraleros: >> I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were >>bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem >>or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for >>several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing >>of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know >>of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks. >> Hector Reyes >> UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina >> La Paz, BCS, MEXICO >> >> >> > ********************************************** Dr. Alina M. Szmant Coral Reef Research Group RSMAS-MBF University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. Miami FL 33149 TEL: (305)361-4609 FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 E-mail: ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU ********************************************** From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 16:37:18 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id QAA20940; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:37:14 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA28817; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:38:45 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma028811; Wed, 14 Jan 98 16:38:22 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id VAA04646; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 21:34:00 GMT Received: from dub-img-5.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id QAA04641; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:33:55 -0500 Received: (from mailgate@localhost) by dub-img-5.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.10) id QAA28262 for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:31:36 -0500 (EST) Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:30:57 -0500 From: Douglas Fenner Subject: coralist: Ship grounding in Mexico To: coral-list Message-ID: <199801141631_MC2-2F4E-D231@compuserve.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Disposition: inline Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id QAA20940 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 24 Coralisters; On December 17th the cruise ship "Leeward" of the Norwegian Cruise Line from Miami hit the reef called "Cuevones" located on Mujeres Bay, right across from Cancun in Quintana Roo, Mexico, damaging the reef along a strip 75 meters long and 6.30 meters wide, according to Mexican Environmental authorities. We are wondering what's going to happen now, are the authorities going to fine the cruise line? What is a reef's value? I remember some time ago a ship damaged a reef in Florida and the US government some how estimated the cost of the damage done. Have you any information on this or similar ship damage and legal actions? If you have it can you send it to me? Thank you very much for this. Best wishes for next year and good health, Jose M.Castello Please reply directly to Jose M. Castello at picoczml@www.cozumel.com.mx (instead of using the reply button-thanks!) From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 20:31:24 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id UAA22026; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:31:20 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA03603; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:32:52 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma003596; Wed, 14 Jan 98 20:32:43 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id BAA05079; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 01:29:40 GMT Received: from cc.nsysu.edu.tw by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id UAA05074; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:29:34 -0500 Received: from [140.117.93.120] ([140.117.93.120]) by cc.nsysu.edu.tw (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id JAA23112 for ; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:25:33 +0800 (CST) Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:25:33 +0800 (CST) Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: keryea@mail.nsysu.edu.tw (K. Soong) Subject: Coral mortality Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 25 Dear Hector, Alina and Coral listers: I observed, in Panama, that bleached Porites have thinner tissues than unbleached Porites, after decalcification of skeleton. Whether this will result in weaker defence of corals against algae is beyond me. In Taiwan, bleaching event occurred REGULARLY near the outlet of a power plant in summer. So, bleaching does not kill the corals. But if bleaching extended for several months, then a lot of corals die. It seems to me that the duration of bleaching is critical in causing coral mortality. Keryea Soong >>Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 14:37:14 >>To: Hector Reyes Bonilla >>From: Alina Szmant >>Subject: Re: Coral mortality >> >>Dear Hector: >> >>The problem with that hypothesis is that it won't explain coral mortality >in the middles of colonies as opposed to edges. In mid-colonies, tissues >start to thin because of decreased food supply etc., and then the >semi-exposed skeletons become colonized by algae etc. Given the simple >tissue structure of corals, there may be some "live tissue" still left on >the skeleton at the time the colonization begins, but not enough to really >constitute a defense of the skeleton. Not sure if you see my point, but >something to think about. >> >>Alina Szmant >> >> >>At 10:56 AM 1/14/98 -0600, you wrote: >>> Dear coraleros: >>> I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were >>>bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem >>>or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for >>>several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing >>>of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know >>>of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks. >>> Hector Reyes >>> UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina >>> La Paz, BCS, MEXICO >>> >>> >>> >> >********************************************** >Dr. Alina M. Szmant >Coral Reef Research Group >RSMAS-MBF >University of Miami >4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. >Miami FL 33149 > >TEL: (305)361-4609 >FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 >E-mail: ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU >********************************************** From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 15 02:35:27 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id CAA23051; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 02:35:20 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA07473; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 02:36:51 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma007469; Thu, 15 Jan 98 02:35:53 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id HAA05458; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 07:26:13 GMT Received: from unpsun1.cc.unp.ac.za by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id CAA05453; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 02:25:52 -0500 Received: from smtp.unp.ac.za (smtp.unp.ac.za [143.128.32.2]) by unpsun1.cc.unp.ac.za (8.6.12/8.6.9) with SMTP id JAA12964 for ; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:27:12 +0200 Received: from UNP-Message_Server by smtp.unp.ac.za with Novell_GroupWise; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:14:32 +0200 Message-Id: X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1 Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:23:57 +0200 From: Jan Korrubel To: hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Coral mortality by algae -Reply Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 26 Hector Reyes Bonilla asked: ...I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing of other species (mostly algae).....Do you know of any paper doing explicit reference of this? >> I have the following reference: KEATS, D.W.; CHAMBERLAIN, Y.M. & BABA, M. 1997. Pneophyllum conicum (Dawson) comb. Nov. (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae), a widespread Indo-Pacific non-geniculate alga that overgrows and kills live coral. Botanica Marina 40(4): 263-279. >> Hopes it's of some use. Regards, Jan Korrubel University of Natal South Africa. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 15 07:43:17 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id HAA23880; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 07:43:11 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA10286; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 07:44:43 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma010253; Thu, 15 Jan 98 07:43:43 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id MAA05922; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 12:37:39 GMT Received: from denmark.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id HAA05917; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 07:37:34 -0500 Received: from [38.26.12.50] (ip50.an1-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.12.50]) by denmark.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id EAA15417 for ; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 04:35:09 -0800 (PST) Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 04:35:09 -0800 (PST) X-Sender: cnidaria@earthlink.net (Unverified) Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: "James M. Cervino" Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id HAA23880 Status: RO X-Status: A X-Keywords: X-UID: 27 Response to Hector Reyes' Posting: Reefs in the past probably bounced back after bleaching events that were due to increased sea-surface temperatures. This stress induced the expulsion of symbiotic macroalgae (zooxanthellae). Observations of photos and field studies from Papua New Guinea (Pacific) show signs of recolonization one year after a 1994-95 bleaching event. This could be due to low incidence of stressors outside the increased temperature realm. Kimbe Bay, in New Britain (Papua New Guinea), has a low population of divers, and development. Macroalgae overgrowth was minimal after the '95 bleaching event. Degrees of bleaching, within and among coral colonies and across reef communities, are highly variable and difficult to quantify (Glynn P. Global Change Biology, 1996). Some species are more susceptible to temperature stress (bleaching) than others, I have seen bleached colonies of M. cavernosa & franksi directly next to unbleached Diploria and Siderastrea colonies. Questions: 1) are these observations localized or are they observations of the whole region? 2) Supporting Ann Cohen's question, "Are you sure these corals were killed by bleaching?," were they stressed/bleached for a few months and then killed by macroalgal overgrowth"? Localized bleaching might be due to anthropogenic stressors such as pollution, sewage runoff, agricultural runoff, storm damage, and sedimentation. Global Bleaching Events: Present evidence suggests that global scale bleaching events are due to elevated sea temperatures and high solar irradiance (UV wavelengths) (Glynn, '93, Coral Reefs 12:1-17; Goreau & Hayes, '94, Ambio). NOAA satellite-derived sea-surface temperature records at seven Atlantic reef locations show that mass bleaching events took place following the warmest periods recorded. Hot spot data can provide scientists with information to predict future global bleaching events (Goreau, Hayes, '94, Ambio). After the expulsion of zooxanthellae (corals photosynthesizes), the corals' metabolic activity is weakened, and the coral is basically starving. That leads to: a decline in its calcium laying ability, which has stopped (growth and calcification); impairment of reproduction; and, tissue necrosis. A decrease in growth rate could reduce the capacity of corals to compete favorably for space with algal turf, coralline algae, unfavorable macrophytic algae, sponges and tunicates. After temperature stress, we now have a stressed coral with no ability to compete with unfavorable microphytic algae, that will soon colonize the coral. In the Journal of Coral Reefs (1997 16:168) "Reef SitesTitled Epizoic red alga alleopathic(?) to a Caribbean coral," shows Dasyopsis colonizing and killing M. decactis off Caicos Island. The microphyte had recruited and colonized on the tops of the coral in an outward direction growing directly on the living coral tissue, which later died. According to Mark Littler and Diane Littler; the cause of coral death, hypothetically, appeared to be an allelochemical interaction. According to the published literature, the only other source of epizootic alga deadly to reef building corals is black band disease (BBD, also known as Phormidium corallyctium) (Ruetzler & Santavy 83; Richardson, L. AMLC Symposium 97). Coral reefs subject to adverse environmental conditions, BBD may play an important role in restructuring the community and may be contributing to the demise of reefs observed in Jamaica (Bruckner A. & Bruckner R. 1997). Coastal waters around Jamaica are highly eutrophic and under siege from a wide variety of anthropogenic stresses that recruitment/recolonization is minimal. Cyanobacterial invasion will disrupt the symbiosis between host and zooxanthellae, increase mucus-secretory production causing a wider surface area on the surface of the coral, and cell erosion. Bacterial populations will lead to the development of anoxic conditions on the surface of the coral, inviting a community of heterotrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria, and sulfate reducers. This will lead to the corals demise (Peters, E. 84). According to personal observations since 1980, and photos from the '70s, I have seen higher indices of coral reef diseases at reefs suffering from eutrophication, compared to reefs with less stresses due to excess nutrients. (PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS!) Nutrients and Corals: Are Reefs Oligotrophic? The role of nutrient enrichment as a concomitant factor enhancing the growth rate and carrying capacity of the macroalgal overgrowth on corals needs to be investigated following bleaching events. Coral reefs are susceptible to nutrient enrichment due to the low thresholds for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN;1.0µM) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP; 0.1µM) Bell, 1992.) Corals compete for space with macroalgae and turf algae and the competitive results are influenced by growth rates and nutrient availability. Eutrophication increases the biomass of macroalgae, however, also reduces the reproductive rates of hermatypic reef corals (Tomascik, 1991), and inhabits coral larval settlement and survival (LaPointe et al. 95). In Conclusion: And in aggreeance with Dr. LaPointe; "coastal eutropication needs to be vigorously confronted by scientists and resource managers" Bleaching events have been more frequent in the past 20 years, monitoring the effects of eutropication, and coral reef diseases after such events is the key factor in understanding the dynamics of coral reefs of the next century. This being the International Year of The Ocean should be the year to also support the goals established from the Year of The Reef! Comments are welcome! James M. Cervino ************************************ James M. Cervino Marine Biologist Global Coral Reef Alliance 124-19 9th ave. College Point New York, N.Y. 11356 Phone/Fax-(718) 539-8155 ************************************ From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 15 09:53:59 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id JAA25005; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:53:54 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA14261; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:55:25 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma014232; Thu, 15 Jan 98 09:54:44 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA06206; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 14:51:03 GMT Received: from toj.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id JAA06200; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:50:51 -0500 Received: from internet.compaq by toj.com (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4) id JAA18176; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:47:22 -0500 Message-Id: <3.0.3.32.19980115095107.006c93ec@mail.toj.com> X-Sender: avk.uneprcuja@mail.toj.com X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.3 (32) Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:51:07 -0400 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri Subject: Symposium announcement Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 28 Dear coral-list subscribers: This announcement/reminder is about the forthcoming International Tropical Marine Ecosystmes Management Symposium (ITMEMS) to be held in Townsville, Australia, 23-26 November 1998. The Symposium is coordinated by the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) and its Secretariat currently hosted in Australia at the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. ITMEMs will serve as a major forum for discussion of management covering social, administrative, legal, economic and community information issues, as well as research and monitoring for management. It will have a key role in the ICRI review and prioirty identification process that emphasises continuous improvement in management. UNEP's Regional Coordinating Unit for the Caribbean Environment Programme, as contact point for ICRI in the region is helping with the coordinating of participation from the Wider Caribbean at the Symposium. We would like to have a good and active representation from the Wider Caribbean (this includes relevant countries in Latin America). Let us know if you are interested in attenting, about papers you would like to present and isssues you would like to see addressed. Participants are responsible for their own expenses but with enough time we could help you look for funding. For Wider Caribbean coordination contact me at above address. For further info on the Symposium, contact the ICRI Secretariat directly at: john_baldwin@quickmail.macnet2.gbrmpa.gov.au Best regards, Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri UNEP, CAR/RCU Kingston, Jamaica From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 15 10:51:21 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA25796; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:51:15 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA17195; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:52:46 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xmaa17190; Thu, 15 Jan 98 10:52:37 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA06352; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 15:40:30 GMT Received: from santamarta.cetcol.net.co by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id KAA06347; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:40:15 -0500 Received: from localhost (caricomp@localhost) by santamarta.cetcol.net.co (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id KAA16781 for ; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:36:07 +0500 (GMT) Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:36:07 +0500 (GMT) From: Caricomp - Invemar Colombia To: coral-list Subject: Underwater paper Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: A X-Keywords: X-UID: 29 Dear listers, There were a discussion about underwater paper some months ago in this list. Unfortunately I lost the address of the people that sell this paper. Does anybody have it? Please answer only to my E-mail Thanking you in advance, Diego Luis Gil A. INVEMAR caricomp@santamarta.cetcol.net.co From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 15 14:43:47 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id OAA28191; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 14:43:42 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA29095; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 14:45:13 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma029084; Thu, 15 Jan 98 14:44:37 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id TAA07176; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 19:23:03 GMT Received: from calafia.uabcs.mx by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id OAA07171; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 14:22:55 -0500 Received: by calafia.uabcs.mx (AIX 3.2/UCB 5.64/4.03) id AA08495; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 12:21:43 -0600 Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 12:21:43 -0600 (CST) From: Hector Reyes Bonilla To: Lista de arrecifes de coral Subject: Coral mortality II Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: A X-Keywords: X-UID: 30 Dear coraleros: Thank you very much for the numerous responses, to my address and to the coral list; I hope that this mess would be useful for someone else. As I noticed that the interest is wide (I never suspected), I would like to detail a little bit our observations in Mexico. In June we find the first bleached corals. Their number increased a lot in the following two months, but it was in August and September when we look at the first dead colonies. Since June, we marked about 50 bleached colonies in several localities, to see what happende to them. The mortality was strongly size- dependent: small corals (about 15 x 15 cm) died in less than a month, and larger ones survived even to this day (yesterday we went to look at them). The original question as if corals died by themselves or were killed. Well, in a number of cases they were actually killed. We saw colonies covered, for example, by Caulerpa, which had living polyps still. Few days later, the coral was dead and the algae was entangled around. Polyps most surely died by lack of food (no light needed) or chemical poisoning (or something like that). The same occurred when sponges covered them, and if filamentous algae attack them. It is interesting that, as Dr. Szamant mentioned, the center of the colony was more affected in this case, but when Caulerpa or sponges attacked, they started in the edges of the coral. I hope that this info would be useful. Thanks for your interest. Ah! By the way, I only heard of one reference about algae killing corals (although not related to ENSO; thanks Jan Korrubel). Saludos! Hector Reyes Depto. Biologia Marina. UABCS La Paz, MEXICO. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 16 11:48:54 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id LAA05114; Fri, 16 Jan 1998 11:48:50 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA05063; Fri, 16 Jan 1998 11:50:22 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma005054; Fri, 16 Jan 98 11:49:37 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id QAA09512; Fri, 16 Jan 1998 16:44:46 GMT Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) id LAA09507; Fri, 16 Jan 1998 11:44:41 -0500 Date: Fri, 16 Jan 1998 11:44:41 -0500 (EST) From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program To: Hector Reyes Bonilla cc: Coral-List Subject: Re: Coral mortality II Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 31 Dear Hector, As most coral-listers are aware, there are many viewpoints and many literature sources on the phenomenon of coral bleaching. A quick look at the Literature Abstracts section of the CHAMP Home Page (http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov) will gain you some familiarity with the subject. Below are some titles from the "Bleaching" section, but a further perusal of that page will reveal other related topics (e.g., "Climate and Weather Changes Affecting Coral Reefs," and "El Nino Related Damage"). Incidentally, our esteemed Librarian, Linda Pikula, will soon be updating the Liberature Abstracts page with a fairly comprehensive survey of the literature for 1996 and 1997. ------------ Bacterial infection and coral bleaching. [1996] Bacterial Ecology of Selected Corals Following the 1994 South Central Pacific Bleaching Event. [1995] Bacteria Associated with Bleached and Nonbleached areas of Monastrea annularis. [1993] Applying MCSST to coral reef bleaching Coral Bleaching Threatens Ocean, Life Lingering Effects of the 1987 Mass Bleaching of Puerto Rican Coral Reefs in Mid to Late 1988. [1991] Elevated Temperatures and Bleaching on a High Latitude Coral Reef: The 1988 Bermuda Event. [1990] The 1982-1983 El Nino: Impact of Eastern Pacific Reef Carbonate Budgets and Implications for Severe Bleaching Disturbances--published. [1992] Recovery of the Coral Montastrea Annularis in the Florida Keys after the 1987 Caribbean "Bleaching Event". [1993] Seawater Temperature and Sublethal Coral Bleaching in Jamaica.[1990] Coral Reef Bleaching: Ecological Perspectives. [1993] Coral reef bleaching in the 1980s and possible connections with global warming. [1991] Reduced Growth Rate of Montastrea Annularis Following the 1987-1988 Coral-Bleaching Event. [1990] Remote Detection of Coral "Bleaching" Using Pulsed-Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy. [1992] Changes in Pigmentation Associated with the Bleaching of Stony Corals. [1989] Bleaching in Reef Corals: Physiological and Stable Isotopic Responses. [1989] Naturally Occurring and Laboratory Induced Bleaching in Two Caribbean Coral Species. [1991] The Effects of Prolonged "Bleaching" on the Tissue Biomass and Reproduction of the Reef Coral Montastrea Annularis. [1990] Response of Sponges with Autotrophic Endosymbionts During the Coral-Bleaching Episode in Puerto Rico. [1990] Mechanisms of Bleaching of Zooxanthellate Symbioses. [1991] Bleaching of Caribbean Coral Reef Symbionts in 1987-1988--published. [1988] The World-Wide Coral Reef Bleaching Cycle and Related Sources of Coral Mortality. [1990] Bleaching of Reef Organisms in the Santa Marta Region, Colombia: 1987 Caribbean-Wide Event. [1987] --- Hope this helps. Cheers, Jim Hendee From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 18 17:04:29 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id RAA16017; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 17:04:20 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA15243; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 17:05:51 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma015222; Sun, 18 Jan 98 17:05:04 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA13702; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 22:01:10 GMT Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id RAA13697; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 17:01:06 -0500 Received: from uhunix5.its.Hawaii.Edu ([128.171.44.55]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <587104(5)>; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 11:58:15 -1000 Received: from localhost by uhunix5.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <188962(8)>; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 11:58:11 -1000 Date: Sun, 18 Jan 1998 11:58:09 -1000 From: Dave Alan Gulko X-Sender: gulko@uhunix5 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Chlorine Use on Coral Reefs (fwd) Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 32 Does anyone know of any recent references on - the use of chlorine products to capture reef fish? - the effects of chlorine products on the physiology of reef organisms? Please direct responses directly to Dave Gulko at gulko@hawaii.edu Thank you for any assistance you may be able to provide. Sincerely, Dave Gulko From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 18 20:14:59 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id UAA16352; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:14:50 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA17435; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:16:21 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma017423; Sun, 18 Jan 98 20:15:46 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id BAA14129; Mon, 19 Jan 1998 01:10:41 GMT Received: from camel14.mindspring.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id UAA14124; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:10:38 -0500 Received: from 207.69.254.236 (user-37kbvnc.dialup.mindspring.com [207.69.254.236]) by camel14.mindspring.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id UAA19710 for ; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:07:57 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <34C260EA.EC408B89@mindspring.com> Date: Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:07:20 +0000 From: Sander Reply-To: skean1@mindspring.com X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 (Macintosh; I; PPC) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Coral info Subject: weed lines X-Priority: 3 (Normal) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; x-mac-type="54455854"; x-mac-creator="4D4F5353" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 33 I have heard recently of a company(based, I believe, in So. Carolina) that is harvesting sargassum on the open sea for fertilizers, among other things. I am looking for information on the harvesting of the weedlines for an investigative report pointing out the tragedy of destroying these important eco systems. Any information can be emailed directly to me at . Thanks, peace Sander From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 20 23:33:12 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id XAA04757; Tue, 20 Jan 1998 23:33:08 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA17095; Tue, 20 Jan 1998 23:34:42 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma017089; Tue, 20 Jan 98 23:33:49 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id EAA20789; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 04:24:47 GMT Received: from arl-img-6.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id XAA20784; Tue, 20 Jan 1998 23:24:41 -0500 Received: (from root@localhost) by arl-img-6.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.10) id XAA10911 for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Tue, 20 Jan 1998 23:21:48 -0500 (EST) Date: Tue, 20 Jan 1998 23:20:53 -0500 From: "Julian F. Sprung" Subject: Message from Internet To: Coral List Message-ID: <199801202321_MC2-300E-D482@compuserve.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Disposition: inline Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id XAA04757 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 34 Hello Everyone, I wanted to comment on some of the statements in James Cervino's posted message from January 15. Haven't had time to reply until now. Before I do, I wanted to explain that my experience with corals is based on observations in the wild (Caribbean mostly, but also Western Pacific, a little Eastern Pacific and Red Sea), and also with growing corals in closed system aquariums. My reason for writing this reply is that my experience contradicts some of what Mr. Cervino wrote. For example: >"Localized bleaching might be due to anthropogenic stressors such as pollution, sewage >runoff, agricultural runoff, storm damage, and sedimentation." While sudden salinity drops from storm runoff can cause a bleaching event, in general corals exposed to sewage runoff DARKEN as the zooxanthelae either develop more pigment or increase in population in response to the nutrients. When there are sufficient herbivores present, sewage runoff should encourage the corals to grow more rapidly, unless they are in a severely enclosed embayment with little tidal flushing. >"Global Bleaching Events: Present evidence suggests that global scale >bleaching events are due to elevated sea temperatures and high solar >irradiance (UV wavelengths) (Glynn, '93, Coral Reefs 12:1-17; Goreau & >Hayes, '94, Ambio)." This statement corresponds with what I've seen too, and not surprisingly we (aquarists) see exactly the same thing in aquaria. When new lighting systems are installed that produce high intensities of UV wavelengths, the corals bleach and produce bright pigments. When organic rich yellow aquarium water is filtered through activated carbon to remove the tint, the sudden increase in UV penetration makes the corals bleach. Part of the cause is apparently superoxide radicals (active oxygen) stimulated by photosynthesis under UV light. High temperatures also cause bleaching events in aquaria. High temperature also seems to increase the incidence of what we call RTN in aquaria, short for rapid tissue necrosis, in Acroporid and Pocilloporid corals. This rapid loss of tissue is often confused with bleaching by aquarists, and I wonder if some of the "bleaching" events reported in nature weren't sudden death due to such coral diseases. Two types of RTN are common in aquaria. One is caused by bacteria (possibly Vibrio spp.) and the other is caused by protozoans (possibly Helicostoma sp.). There is some literature about this in aquarium journals and books. >"After the expulsion of zooxanthellae (corals photosynthesizes), the corals' >metabolic activity is weakened, and the coral is basically starving. That >leads to: a decline in its calcium laying ability, which has stopped >growth and calcification); impairment of reproduction; and, tissue >necrosis." I believe that tissue necrosis is a secondary event, an infection of some origin. I agree that after expulsion of the zoox's the coral is in a starvation mode... but notice the contradiction here: in aquaria a speedy recovery can be achieved by feeding the corals...by INCREASING the nutrient availability in the water. This helps the zoox's repopulate the coral tissue. A bleached coral living in nutrient poor water is on a downward spiral of health if the temperature does not cool down or the water become turbid, which would relieve the stress from the light. A cool, turbid, nutrient rich upwelling is what bleached corals need. >"Cyanobacterial invasion will disrupt the symbiosis between host and zooxanthellae," >increase mucus-secretory production causing a wider surface area on the >surface of the coral, and cell erosion. Bacterial populations will lead to >the development of anoxic conditions on the surface of the coral, inviting >a community of heterotrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria, and sulfate >reducers. This will lead to the corals demise (Peters, E. 84)." I presume the cyanobacteria you refer to is Phormidium/black band and that you are describing the process occuring at the bands. This relates to the statement below... >"According to personal observations since 1980, and photos from the '70s, I >have seen higher indices of coral reef diseases at reefs suffering from >eutrophication, compared to reefs with less stresses due to excess >nutrients. (PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS!)" That statement is the one I disagree with most. Everywhere I have observed coral reefs (Caribbean, Australia, Fiji, Solomons, Red Sea) I seem to find bleaching and coral diseases in the most nutrient poor water and healthy corals in the most nutrient rich water. (the only exception being extreme temperature exposure causing bleaching in shallow inshore nutrient rich areas). It is true that there is more algae on the nutrient rich reefs, but the corals are generally healthier there. Incidentally black band disease occurs in aquariums too...only under the most nutrient poor conditions. Apparently Phormidium does not tolerate high nutrients. I should clarify here that high nutrients in closed system aquaria are orders of magnitude higher than anything ever seen in the wild. I don't know if Marlin Atkinson is a subscriber to this list, but he has been doing some interesting work with measurements in the aquaria at the Waikiki Aquarium. A report by him and Bruce Carlson appeared in Coral Reefs a while back, describing the nitrogen rich CO2 rich seawater used at the Waikiki aquarium, which seems to produce rapid growth in reef building corals. So, to answer this statement- >"Nutrients and Corals: Are Reefs Oligotrophic? The role of nutrient enrichment as a >concomitant factor enhancing the growth rate and carrying capacity of the macroalgal >overgrowth on corals needs to be investigated following bleaching events." I agree this must be investigated! The most nutrient poor ocean water will still support lush algal growth on a highly illuminated suface (i.e. a bared coral skeleton). Perhaps a little extra nutrient availability would give a bleached coral strength to fight off the growth of algae (via it's own mucus and antibiotic substances). Given too much nutrients the algae certainly win, but strong herbivory can give the corals a damn good fighting chance in the most nutrient rich circumstances. There are multiple tests to be done! Well that's my two cents worth. I may be wrong...but not entirely, based on what I've seen. Julian Sprung From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 21 12:32:09 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA09611; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 12:32:03 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA02775; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 12:33:35 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma002753; Wed, 21 Jan 98 12:33:01 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id RAA22174; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 17:18:43 GMT Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id MAA22169; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 12:18:40 -0500 Date: Wed, 21 Jan 1998 12:18:40 -0500 (EST) From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program To: Coral-List Subject: Coral Bleaching in Galapagos Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id MAA09611 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 35 FYI, a NOAA Press Release: CONTACT: Joyce Gross 202/482-8360 email: Joyce.W.Gross@noaa.gov EL NINO CAUSING CORAL BLEACHING IN GALAPAGOS, NOAA ANNOUNCES El Niño's extremely warm waters in the Pacific Ocean have caused coral bleaching in the waters around the Galapagos Islands, the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced today. Warm waters that are two to three degrees Celsius above the maximum temperatures that are typically expected to develop during the entire year, are continuing to develop down the coast of South America. These Galapagos "hot spots," with temperatures well above last year's levels, have been identified by NOAA satellite data. "The Galapagos, on the Equator off the coast of Ecuador, lie in some of the warmest waters of this El NiZo," said NOAA oceanographer Al Strong."Sea surface temperatures in the area are currently about 29 degrees Celsius, nearly a whole degree and a half warmer than what is critical for bleaching at that site." Strong reports that the satellite data for the area have been confirmed by data from NOAA's data buoys. Corals at the Galapagos thrive as long as temperatures remain at or below 27 degrees Celsius -- the normal maximum sea surface temperature at this site. An increase of one or two degrees above the usual maximum temperatures can be deadly to these animals. The temperature range for corals to thrive varies from site to site by only a few degrees. Coral reefs -- the "rainforests of the oceans" -- support a variety of sea life and provide resources of significant economic importance such as fishing and recreation. Coral bleaching, induced by high water temperatures, has raised concerns about these fragile ecosystems. Coral bleaching occurs as coral tissue expels zooxanthellae, a type of algae that resides in the structure of the coral, and is essential to the coral's survival. Corals normally recover, unless high ocean temperatures persist for too long a period or become too warm. During the 1997-98 El NiZo, NOAA has also confirmed coral bleaching in the Western Hemisphere at sites in the Florida Keys, Baja California, Pacific Coast of Panama, the Yucatan coast, Caymans, and the Netherland Antilles. "With 1998 named the Year of the Ocean, it is appropriate that we focus our attention on these extremely important ecosystems," Strong said. Video animations of coral reef Hot Spots and sea surface temperatures are available on the World Wide Web at: http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad NOTE: All NOAA press releases, and links to other NOAA material, can be found on the Internet at http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs. Constituents who wish to be added to our press release distribution list, or who wish to switch from fax to e-mail delivery, can send an e-mail to the individual listed above or fax to (202) 501-2953. Do not use the reply function of your e-mail program because your message does not go to the contact person. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 21 18:58:30 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id SAA14235; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 18:58:17 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA21622; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 18:59:51 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma021614; Wed, 21 Jan 98 18:59:33 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id XAA23293; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 23:52:11 GMT Received: from tlali.iztacala.unam.mx by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id SAA23288; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 18:52:05 -0500 Received: from localhost (tvjred@localhost) by tlali.iztacala.unam.mx (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id RAA30798 for ; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 17:44:59 -0600 Date: Wed, 21 Jan 1998 17:44:58 -0600 (CST) From: Tovar Juarez Edgar To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Biogeochemical cycles Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 36 Does anyone know of any recent references on: Biogeochemical cycles of heavy metals in coral-reef ecosystems Heavy Metals in Thalassia testudinium & Ulva lactuca Please direct responses directly to Edgar Tovar at tvjred@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx Thank you for any assistance you may be able to provide. Sincerely: Edgar Tovar. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 22 09:43:57 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id JAA18665; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:43:50 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA02291; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:45:21 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma002269; Thu, 22 Jan 98 09:44:42 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA24972; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 14:39:09 GMT Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id JAA24967; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:39:05 -0500 Date: Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:39:04 -0500 (EST) From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program To: Coral-List Subject: Symposium Report: Coral Reefs and Global Change Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 37 We are pleased to present a document received today from Bob Buddemeier, Co-Organizer of the symposium, "Coral Reefs and Global Change: Adaptation, Acclimation or Extinction?," held January 3-11, 1998 in Boston, Massachusetts. The location of the document on the Web is: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/coral_cg.html Following is the text of the Executive Summary: ------------------------------------- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Major revisions of concepts about corals and reef systems were developed by an international working group of scientific experts that met in conjunction with the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, the International Society for Reef Studies, and the Ecological Society of America (Boston, January 3-11, 1998) to evaluate the scientific basis for growing concerns about the survival of coral reef ecosystems facing global change and local stresses. The group, sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), and with the support of the NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, produced an interdisciplinary synthesis with important implications for research, assessment, and management. Key conclusions were: + The calcification rates of corals, coralline algae, and coral-algal communities depends on the calcium carbonate saturation state of surface seawater, and are expected to be reduced by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. This represents a global, systemic, climate-related threat to the functioning of reef ecosystems that will interact with the more immediate anthropogenic local stresses. + Coral reefs and communities are products of processes operating over a wide range of interacting time and space scales, with fundamentally different controls operating at different scales. While short-term responses will be controlled by local environmental conditions and biotic responses, the longer-term sustainability of a reef system depends on the recruitment, dispersal, persistence, and interactions of populations at larger scales. + Corals, and to some extent reef communities, possess numerous mechanisms for acclimatization and adaptation - diverse reproductive strategies, flexible symbiotic relationships, physiological acclimatization, habitat tolerance, and a range of community interactions. However, current understanding of these mechanisms, as well as of the critically important calcification mechanisms, is inadequate to explain the past success of corals and reefs or to ensure their conservation for the future. Unlike many terrestrial ecosystems, coral reef ecosystems appear to be directly threatened by globally increasing atmospheric CO2. Therefore, conservation or management strategies aimed at removing or mitigating only local, human-derived, or recently applied environmental stresses are likely to be inadequate. Corals and reefs are potentially robust and resilient, but realizing that potential requires the development of new approaches and greater integration of fundamental and applied research, conservation, and management. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 22 09:54:05 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id JAA18866; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:53:55 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA02717; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:55:27 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma002671; Thu, 22 Jan 98 09:54:31 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id OAA25061; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 14:52:28 GMT Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) id JAA25056; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:52:24 -0500 Date: Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:52:23 -0500 (EST) From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program To: Coral-List cc: martinpecheux@minitel.net Subject: Pecheux's CO2 Program Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 38 Martin Pecheux's CO2 Program, "co2chimie," which is a Macintosh executable he used for CO2 work in corals, may be found, along with documentation and source code, at: ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/software/pecheux/ Please direct any enquiries concerning the software to him at: martinpecheux@minitel.net From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 22 10:48:31 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id KAA19758; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 10:48:26 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA05140; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 10:49:54 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma005097; Thu, 22 Jan 98 10:49:04 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id PAA25301; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 15:30:28 GMT Received: from netinfo.hqnoc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id KAA25296; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 10:30:21 -0500 Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10]) by netinfo.hqnoc.noaa.gov with SMTP (8.7.6/8.7.3) id KAA13461; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 10:24:23 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Date: 22 Jan 1998 10:32:20 U From: "Mark Eakin" Subject: Kidney Hoax To: "Coral-List" , swireml@hkucc.hku.hk Cc: "Multiple recipients of list" X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id KAA19758 Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 39 Reply to: Kidney Hoax Aren't these scams wonderful. First it was "Good Times" and its related e-mail virus hoaxes. Then it was the hoax about the American Cancer Society and little Jessica Mydek. Now it is hoaxes about kidney thieves run amok. This one isn't even new! Let's not turn our e-mail capabilities into an uninvited copy of the National Enquirer. Please, think before you press that send or forward button. If you do not know something is fact, don't send it on. Most importantly, let's keep the messages appropriate to the forum. I do not subscribe to coral-list to receive hoxes about kidney thieves. If you don't believe me that it's a hoax, try the following sources: http://urbanlegends.miningco.com/library/blkidney.htm - 11/20/97, even cites the disclaimer by the Daily Texan http://www.urbanlegends.com/medical/organ.theft/new_orleans_debunk.html http://www.unos.org/Newsroom/archive_statement_022197.htm Cheers, Mark From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 22 15:58:55 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id PAA23961; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 15:58:45 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA18899; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 16:00:18 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma018889; Thu, 22 Jan 98 16:00:08 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id UAA26212; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 20:41:53 GMT Received: from wahoo.mobile.gulf.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id PAA26207; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 15:41:48 -0500 Received: from portal.mobile.gulf.net (seacow9.mobile.gulf.net [206.105.32.136]) by wahoo.mobile.gulf.net (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id OAA04892 for ; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 14:40:50 -0600 (CST) Message-Id: <199801222040.OAA04892@wahoo.mobile.gulf.net> From: "Flo Thomas" To: Subject: Graduate fellowship available Date: Thu, 22 Jan 1998 14:35:50 -0600 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 40 The University of South Alabama invites applications for their graduate program in Marine Sciences. Several Masters and Ph.D fellowships are available that include a stipend and tuition. The deadline is April 1, 1998. The research areas of the faculty include, fisheries science, biomechanics, chemical oceanography, biological oceanography, zooplankton ecology, coral reef ecology, seagrass ecology, invertebrate reproduction, invertebrate biology, trophic ecology, wetlands ecology, biogeochemistry, nutrient dynamics of estuarine systems, evolution and paleoecology of coral reefs. The student will spend the majority of their time at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab. The primary research faculty are: Dr. Richard Aronson Dr. Jim Cowan Dr. Monty Graham Dr. Ken Heck Dr. Ron Kiene Dr. Jon Pennock Dr. Robert Shipp Dr. Judy Stout Dr. Florence Thomas Dr. John Valentine For further information on the faculty and facilities please see the Dauphin Island Sea Lab Web Page at http://sites.gulf.net/sealab For a information about application procedure contact Amada Gonzales (agonzle@jaguar1.usouthal.edu) 334- 460-7136 or Dr. Florence Thomas (jaguar1.usouthal.edu). From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 23 18:41:58 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id SAA10249; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 18:41:53 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA04215; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 18:43:27 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma004209; Fri, 23 Jan 98 18:42:48 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id XAA29644; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 23:34:36 GMT Received: from kuhub.cc.ukans.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id SAA29639; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 18:34:31 -0500 Received: from pangaea.kgs.ukans.edu by KUHUB.CC.UKANS.EDU (PMDF V5.1-10 #24910) with SMTP id <01ISQ3A2H6CW00GI8J@KUHUB.CC.UKANS.EDU> for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 17:31:23 CST (UTC -06:00) Received: from kgs.ukans.edu by pangaea.kgs.ukans.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4) id RAA21521; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 17:31:20 -0600 Received: from KGS-Message_Server by kgs.ukans.edu with Novell_GroupWise; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 17:34:59 -0600 Date: Fri, 23 Jan 1998 17:34:47 -0600 From: Bob Buddemeier Subject: Meeting report To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1 Content-type: TEXT/PLAIN Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: A X-Keywords: X-UID: 41 Dear Coral-Listers, Jim Hendee has kindly posted the initial report the Boston Symposium and working group meeting at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/coral_cg.html. For the benefit of those who don't have good www access or who haven't had time to get there yet, I am attaching the executive summary below. A Proceedings volume of American Zoologist is in preparation. I want to acknowledge the participation and contributions of those who presented contributed papers at the meeting, and the audience at the symposium sessions. It was an unusually interactive and productive experience. In particular, I need to point out that the contributed paper* presented by Chris Langdon (langdon@ldeo.columbia.edu) and colleagues was a particularly important contribution to the recognition of the importance of saturation state controls on calcification, which effectively complemented the symposium presentations of Gattuso, Kleypas, and Opdyke. *Effect of carbonate saturation state on the rate of calcification of an experimental coral reef. C. Langdon, T, Takahashi, T. McConnaughey, H. Anderson and H. West. Abstract published on p 72A, American Zoologist vol 37 no. 5, 1997. A couple of personal comments (not, repeat not, pretending to speak for the rest of the group): One of the lessons that I thought I already knew, but that got strongly reinforced, is that coral reef science is not *interdisciplinary* by virtue of the fact that different specialists publish mutually incomprehensible (or ignored) papers in the same journal. It gets really interdisciplinary when people put their minds and efforts into understanding a very different viewpoint and unfamiliar data sets, often presented in words that sound familiar but are defined differently. When that happens, the conceptual models and questions change rapidly. My view of how this all fits into the past, present and future focus on reef-related issues is that our results (1) add an additional sense of urgency (in case we needed any), (2) complicate further the development of conservation and management strategies by pointing out the importance of factors operating at uncomfortably large time and space scales (nobody will think we needed any more complication, I'm sure), and (3) simplify or clarify research strategies by offering some directions to head that will yield a better formulation of the problems -- which is usually a prerequisite for their solution (not just *more research/monitoring is needed,* but what it is that we need to understand and measure). Hermatypically yours, Bob Buddemeier ________________________________________________________________ CORAL REEFS AND GLOBAL CHANGE: ADAPTATION, ACCLIMATION OR EXTINCTION? -- INITIAL REPORT OF A SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOP EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Major revisions of concepts about corals and reef systems were developed by an international working group of scientific experts that met in conjunction with the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, the International Society for Reef Studies, and the Ecological Society of America (Boston, January 3-11, 1998) to evaluate the scientific basis for growing concerns about the survival of coral reef ecosystems facing global change and local stresses. The group, sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), and with the support of the NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, produced an interdisciplinary synthesis with important implications for research, assessment, and management. Key conclusions were: * The calcification rates of corals, coralline algae, and coral-algal communities depend on the calcium carbonate saturation state of surface seawater, and are expected to be reduced by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. This represents a global, systemic, climate-related threat to the functioning of reef ecosystems that will interact with the more immediate anthropogenic local stresses. * Coral reefs and communities are products of processes operating over a wide range of interacting time and space scales, with fundamentally different controls operating at different scales. While short-term responses will be controlled by local environmental conditions and biotic responses, the longer-term sustainability of a reef system depends on the recruitment, dispersal, persistence, and interactions of populations at larger scales. * Corals, and to some extent reef communities, possess numerous mechanisms for acclimatization and adaptation -- diverse reproductive strategies, flexible symbiotic relationships, physiological acclimatization, habitat tolerance, and a range of community interactions. However, current understanding of these mechanisms, as well as of the critically important calcification mechanisms, is inadequate to explain the past success of corals and reefs or to ensure their conservation for the future. Unlike many terrestrial ecosystems, coral reef ecosystems appear to be directly threatened by globally increasing atmospheric CO2. Therefore, conservation or management strategies aimed at removing or mitigating only local, human-derived, or recently applied environmental stresses are likely to be inadequate. Corals and reefs are potentially robust and resilient, but realizing that potential requires the development of new approaches and greater integration of fundamental and applied research, conservation, and management. From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jan 24 12:32:00 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id MAA13811; Sat, 24 Jan 1998 12:30:37 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA17176; Sat, 24 Jan 1998 12:32:11 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma017172; Sat, 24 Jan 98 12:31:56 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id RAA01085; Sat, 24 Jan 1998 17:27:43 GMT Received: from wahoo.mobile.gulf.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id MAA01080; Sat, 24 Jan 1998 12:27:37 -0500 Received: from portal.mobile.gulf.net (seacow33.mobile.gulf.net [206.105.32.160]) by wahoo.mobile.gulf.net (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id LAA02141; Sat, 24 Jan 1998 11:24:56 -0600 (CST) Message-ID: <34CA23D5.BE3@jaguar1.usouthal.edu> Date: Sat, 24 Jan 1998 11:24:37 -0600 From: Flo Thomas Organization: Dauphin Island Sea Lab X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.01 (Win95; U) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Leonie Haimson CC: newsdesk@envirolink.org, climate-l@mbnet.mb.ca, infoterra@pan.cedar.univie.ac.at, edf-letter@www.edf.org, globalwarming@buster.law.pace.edu, oppt-newsbreak@valley.rtpnc.epa.gov, ecol-econ@csf.colorado.edu, CNN-NEWSROOM@listserv.aol.com, environment-L@cornell.edu, ecolog-l@umdd.umd.edu, ens@envirolink.org, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, envconfs-l@husc.harvard.edu, eon@world.std.com, Land-and-Water@FAO.ORG, gaia-l@listserv.aol.com, IAIA_ECOLOGY@listserv.csu.edu.au, aeroso-l@nic.surfnet.nl, amphibiandecline@ucdavis.edu, bene@straylight.tamu.edu, BIOREGIONAL@csf.colorado.edu, john.arnfield@osu.edu, NATODATA@cc1.kuleuven.ac.be, ecology@bluemarble.net, sf.moderator@sfsierra.sierraclub.org, owner-wer-reh@who.ch, water-net@igc.org, chadc@iisd.org, news@enn.com, nick@a2s2.com, info@policy.com Subject: Graduate fellowships available References: <3496DD4C.3FF8@worldnet.att.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 42 The University of South Alabama invites applications for their graduate program in Marine Sciences. Several Masters and Ph.D fellowships are available that include a stipend and tuition. The deadline is April 1, 1998. The research areas of the faculty include, fisheries science, biomechanics, chemical oceanography, biological oceanography, zooplankton ecology, coral reef ecology, seagrass ecology, invertebrate reproduction, invertebrate biology, trophic ecology, wetlands ecology, biogeochemistry, nutrient dynamics of estuarine systems, evolution and paleoecology of coral reefs. The student will spend the majority of their time at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab. The primary research faculty are: Dr. Richard Aronson Dr. Jim Cowan Dr. Monty Graham Dr. Ken Heck Dr. Ron Kiene Dr. Jon Pennock Dr. Robert Shipp Dr. Judy Stout Dr. Florence Thomas Dr. John Valentine For further information on the faculty and facilities please see the Dauphin Island Sea Lab Web Page at http://sites.gulf.net/sealab For a information about application procedure contact the deartment through Amada Gonzales (agonzale@jaguar1.usouthal.edu) 334- 460-7136 or the faculty through Dr. Florence Thomas 334-861-7544 (jaguar1.usouthal.edu). From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 25 18:42:53 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id SAA20340; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 18:42:49 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA04235; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 18:44:21 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma004229; Sun, 25 Jan 98 18:43:45 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id XAA04559; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 23:25:56 GMT Received: from mail.bogo.co.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id SAA04554; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 18:25:50 -0500 Received: from kenn.bogo.co.uk (kenn.bogo.co.uk [193.192.194.110]) by mail.bogo.co.uk (8.8.7/8.8.5) with SMTP id AAA00558 for ; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 00:24:12 GMT Message-Id: <3.0.5.16.19980125220429.2defedbc@mail.bogo.co.uk> X-Sender: kenn@mail.bogo.co.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (16) Date: Sun, 25 Jan 1998 22:04:29 +0000 To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov From: "K.H. von Kaufmann" Subject: E. Africa floods effect on reefs? Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 43 Dear Coral-list, Firstly I have just joined the list so apologies if you have covered this recently: Over the past few months there have been exceptional rains in East Africa, in particular Northern Kenya and Southern Somalia. There is much land clearance and soil erosion upcountry, and even normally the rivers such as the Tana and Juba are now thick with silt. I am sure this must be having an effect on the reefs of the entire coast, from Tanzania to Somalia. I am sure the sea must be visibly brown from space. Does anybody know of anyone monitoring this (I will post this to the UNEP Infoterra list as well)? Anywhere I might find examples of this in the past and other regions? I will pass on what I find to those who are interested. Thanks, Kenn. K.H. von Kaufmann, 2 Hamilton House, High Park Road, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 4BJ UK Tel:(0181) 878 2055. kenn@bogo.co.uk From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 25 20:05:11 1998 Return-Path: Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247]) by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP id UAA20701; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 20:05:06 -0500 (EST) Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA06002; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 20:06:38 -0500 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0) id xma005988; Sun, 25 Jan 98 20:06:12 -0500 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id AAA04643; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 00:47:01 GMT Received: from dante.iol.it by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for id TAA04638; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 19:46:55 -0500 Received: from [195.210.91.100] by dante.iol.it (Netscape Messaging Server 3.0) with SMTP id AAA7867 for ; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 01:43:29 +0100 Received: from dante.iol.it ([195.210.91.2]) by capri.iol.it (Netscape Messaging Server 3.5) with ESMTP id AAA4E91 for ; Mon, 19 Jan 1998 03:36:38 +0100 Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov ([192.111.123.248]) by dante.iol.it (Netscape Messaging Server 3.0) with SMTP id AAA2944 for ; Mon, 19 Jan 1998 03:36:33 +0100 Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id BAA1412